学习Robot Framework必须掌握的库----BuiltIn库

╰半夏微凉° 2023-02-28 01:39 24阅读 0赞

近来经常有童鞋问我一些RF的基本问题，如：如何实现循环？如何退出循环？如何实现判断？如何做类型转换？其实，作为一门表格语言，为了保持简单的结构，RF没有像别的高级语言那样提供类似if else while等内置关键字来实现各种逻辑功能（注1），而是提供给了用户BuiltIn库。如果用户想在测试用例中实现比较复杂的逻辑，那就需要对BuiltIn中的重要关键字有一些了解。另外，BuiltIn库中还封装了很多常见方法和能够控制RF运行状态的关键字，**如果想用好RF，一定要对BuiltIn库中的函数有一个比较全面的理解。**下面就带着大家认识一下BuiltIn库中比较重要的关键字。

**[Evaluate][] 关键字：**如果你需要进行一些数值运算并得到结果，你就需要用到Evaluate关键字。Evaluate会把你想要计算的表达式直接传递给Python，并把Python的计算结果返回给你。这是最经常要用到的。

**Should 系列关键字：**Should系列关键字是Should大头的一系列关键字。

[Should Be Empty][] ·  [Should Be Equal][] ·  [Should Be Equal As Integers][] ·  [Should Be Equal As Numbers][] ·  [Should Be Equal As Strings][] ·  [Should Be True][] ·  [Should Contain][] ·  [Should Contain X Times][]·  [Should End With][] ·  [Should Match][] ·  [Should Match Regexp][] ·  [Should Not Be Empty][] ·  [Should Not Be Equal][] ·  [Should Not Be Equal As Integers][] ·  [Should Not Be Equal As Numbers][] ·  [Should Not Be Equal As Strings][] ·  [Should Not Be True][] ·  [Should Not Contain][] ·  [Should Not End With][] ·  [Should Not Match][] · [Should Not Match Regexp][] ·  [Should Not Start With][] ·  [Should Start With][]

这些关键字都是用作判断时用的，每个用例都会用到，比如我们的执行结果得到了一个字符串，我们要判断这个字符串要与一个预期字符串相等，否则用例就无法通过，这时候，肯定会用上 Should Be Equal As String

关键字，其它关键字我们通过关键字的名字就能顾名思义，知道它的作用。

**[ Convert To][Convert To]系列关键字：**

[Convert To Binary][Convert To] ·  [Convert To Boolean][] ·  [Convert To Hex][] ·  [Convert To Integer][] ·  [Convert To Number][] ·  [Convert To Octal][] ·  [Convert To String][]

做类型转换比不可少。

**Run keyword系列关键字：**

[Run Keyword If][] ·  [Run Keyword If All Critical Tests Passed][] ·  [Run Keyword If All Tests Passed][] ·  [Run Keyword If Any Critical Tests Failed][] · [Run Keyword If Any Tests Failed][] ·  [Run Keyword If Test Failed][] ·  [Run Keyword If Test Passed][] ·  [Run Keyword If Timeout Occurred][] ·

这些关键字能根据一个判断条件的真假来看是否执行关键字。一般使用这些关键字来实现高级语言中的if else功能。最常用的是Run Keyword If 和 Run Keyword unless  他们俩实现的效果正好相反。

Exit For Loop关键字：

用作退出循环，一般和Run keyword if 关键字联合使用，来实现条件退出。

Wait Until Keyword Succeeds

这是一个将异步调用变为同步调用的关键字。举一个例子：如果call某个WebService，并且需要得到返回结果才能做下一部操作。我们就会用到这个关键字。

BuiltIn库里还有很多宝贝，比如日期相关的关键字Get Time。让测试暂停的Sleep等。都相当有用。还等什么？

去这个链接遍历一遍它吧：）http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html

注1：RF目前仅有2个内置关键字：FOF 和 IN，来实现循环结构。功能还是比较弱的。

[Evaluate]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Evaluate
[Should Be Empty]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Be%20Empty
[Should Be Equal]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Be%20Equal
[Should Be Equal As Integers]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Be%20Equal%20As%20Integers
[Should Be Equal As Numbers]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Be%20Equal%20As%20Numbers
[Should Be Equal As Strings]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Be%20Equal%20As%20Strings
[Should Be True]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Be%20True
[Should Contain]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Contain
[Should Contain X Times]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Contain%20X%20Times
[Should End With]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20End%20With
[Should Match]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Match
[Should Match Regexp]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Match%20Regexp
[Should Not Be Empty]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Not%20Be%20Empty
[Should Not Be Equal]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Not%20Be%20Equal
[Should Not Be Equal As Integers]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Not%20Be%20Equal%20As%20Integers
[Should Not Be Equal As Numbers]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Not%20Be%20Equal%20As%20Numbers
[Should Not Be Equal As Strings]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Not%20Be%20Equal%20As%20Strings
[Should Not Be True]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Not%20Be%20True
[Should Not Contain]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Not%20Contain
[Should Not End With]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Not%20End%20With
[Should Not Match]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Not%20Match
[Should Not Match Regexp]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Not%20Match%20Regexp
[Should Not Start With]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Not%20Start%20With
[Should Start With]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Should%20Start%20With
[Convert To]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Convert%20To%20Binary
[Convert To Boolean]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Convert%20To%20Boolean
[Convert To Hex]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Convert%20To%20Hex
[Convert To Integer]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Convert%20To%20Integer
[Convert To Number]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Convert%20To%20Number
[Convert To Octal]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Convert%20To%20Octal
[Convert To String]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Convert%20To%20String
[Run Keyword If]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Run%20Keyword%20If
[Run Keyword If All Critical Tests Passed]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Run%20Keyword%20If%20All%20Critical%20Tests%20Passed
[Run Keyword If All Tests Passed]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Run%20Keyword%20If%20All%20Tests%20Passed
[Run Keyword If Any Critical Tests Failed]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Run%20Keyword%20If%20Any%20Critical%20Tests%20Failed
[Run Keyword If Any Tests Failed]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Run%20Keyword%20If%20Any%20Tests%20Failed
[Run Keyword If Test Failed]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Run%20Keyword%20If%20Test%20Failed
[Run Keyword If Test Passed]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Run%20Keyword%20If%20Test%20Passed
[Run Keyword If Timeout Occurred]: http://robotframework.googlecode.com/hg/doc/libraries/BuiltIn.html?r=2.7.6#Run%20Keyword%20If%20Timeout%20Occurred