从零开始手写 mybatis（四）- mybatis 事务管理机制详解

布满荆棘的人生 2023-02-28 01:56 83阅读 0赞

## 前景回顾 ##

第一节 [从零开始手写 mybatis（一）MVP 版本][mybatis_MVP] 中我们实现了一个最基本的可以运行的 mybatis。

第二节 [从零开始手写 mybatis（二）mybatis interceptor 插件机制详解][mybatis_mybatis interceptor]

第三节 [从零开始手写 mybatis（三）jdbc pool 从零实现数据库连接池][mybatis_jdbc pool]

本节我们一起来学习一下 mybatis 中的事务管理。

![image][]

## mybatis 中的事务管理 ##

mybatis 事务有两种使用方式：

1.  使用JDBC的事务管理机制：即使用 java.Sql.Connection对象完成对事务的提交，回滚和关闭操作。
2.  使用MANAGED的事务管理机制：mybatis本身不会去实现事务管理的相关操作，而是交个外部容器来管理事务。当与spring整合使用后，一般使用spring来管理事务。

## 事务工厂 TransactionFactory ##

### 接口定义 ###

这个是对事务的一个工厂，接口如下：

public interface TransactionFactory { 
    
      /** * Sets transaction factory custom properties. * @param props */
      void setProperties(Properties props);
    
      /** * Creates a {@link Transaction} out of an existing connection. * @param conn Existing database connection * @return Transaction * @since 3.1.0 */
      Transaction newTransaction(Connection conn);
      
      /** * Creates a {@link Transaction} out of a datasource. * @param dataSource DataSource to take the connection from * @param level Desired isolation level * @param autoCommit Desired autocommit * @return Transaction * @since 3.1.0 */
      Transaction newTransaction(DataSource dataSource, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean autoCommit);
    
    }

主要就是如何根据一个 DataSource 创建一个 Transaction。

实际上整体感觉意义不大。

最核心的还是要看一下 Transaction 的实现。

### Transaction 接口 ###

public interface Transaction { 
    
      /** * Retrieve inner database connection * @return DataBase connection * @throws SQLException */
      Connection getConnection() throws SQLException;
    
      /** * Commit inner database connection. * @throws SQLException */
      void commit() throws SQLException;
    
      /** * Rollback inner database connection. * @throws SQLException */
      void rollback() throws SQLException;
    
      /** * Close inner database connection. * @throws SQLException */
      void close() throws SQLException;
    
      /** * Get transaction timeout if set * @throws SQLException */
      Integer getTimeout() throws SQLException;
      
    }

这里最核心的实际上只有 commit() 和 rollback()，其他的都是可以忽略的。

针对 getTimeout() 我们就可以为 mybatis 提供一个操作的超时机制。

### JdbcTransaction 实现 ###

基于 jdbc 机制的一些处理。

public class JdbcTransaction implements Transaction { 
    
      private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(JdbcTransaction.class);
    
      protected Connection connection;
      protected DataSource dataSource;
      protected TransactionIsolationLevel level;
      protected boolean autoCommmit;
    
      public JdbcTransaction(DataSource ds, TransactionIsolationLevel desiredLevel, boolean desiredAutoCommit) { 
        dataSource = ds;
        level = desiredLevel;
        autoCommmit = desiredAutoCommit;
      }
    
      public JdbcTransaction(Connection connection) { 
        this.connection = connection;
      }
    
      @Override
      public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException { 
        if (connection == null) { 
          openConnection();
        }
        return connection;
      }
    
      @Override
      public void commit() throws SQLException { 
        if (connection != null && !connection.getAutoCommit()) { 
          if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { 
            log.debug("Committing JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
          }
          connection.commit();
        }
      }
    
      @Override
      public void rollback() throws SQLException { 
        if (connection != null && !connection.getAutoCommit()) { 
          if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { 
            log.debug("Rolling back JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
          }
          connection.rollback();
        }
      }
    
      @Override
      public void close() throws SQLException { 
        if (connection != null) { 
          resetAutoCommit();
          if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { 
            log.debug("Closing JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
          }
          connection.close();
        }
      }
    
      protected void setDesiredAutoCommit(boolean desiredAutoCommit) { 
        try { 
          if (connection.getAutoCommit() != desiredAutoCommit) { 
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { 
              log.debug("Setting autocommit to " + desiredAutoCommit + " on JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
            }
            connection.setAutoCommit(desiredAutoCommit);
          }
        } catch (SQLException e) { 
          // Only a very poorly implemented driver would fail here,
          // and there's not much we can do about that.
          throw new TransactionException("Error configuring AutoCommit. "
              + "Your driver may not support getAutoCommit() or setAutoCommit(). "
              + "Requested setting: " + desiredAutoCommit + ". Cause: " + e, e);
        }
      }
    
      protected void resetAutoCommit() { 
        try { 
          if (!connection.getAutoCommit()) { 
            // MyBatis does not call commit/rollback on a connection if just selects were performed.
            // Some databases start transactions with select statements
            // and they mandate a commit/rollback before closing the connection.
            // A workaround is setting the autocommit to true before closing the connection.
            // Sybase throws an exception here.
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { 
              log.debug("Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
            }
            connection.setAutoCommit(true);
          }
        } catch (SQLException e) { 
          if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { 
            log.debug("Error resetting autocommit to true "
              + "before closing the connection. Cause: " + e);
          }
        }
      }
    
      protected void openConnection() throws SQLException { 
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { 
          log.debug("Opening JDBC Connection");
        }
        connection = dataSource.getConnection();
        if (level != null) { 
          connection.setTransactionIsolation(level.getLevel());
        }
        setDesiredAutoCommit(autoCommmit);
      }
    
      @Override
      public Integer getTimeout() throws SQLException { 
        return null;
      }
      
    }

这里整体的实现实际上非常简单，就是主动设置了一下自动提交的属性。

### ManagedDataSource ###

这个是另一个实现，实际上更加简单。

commit() 和 rollback() 实现都是空的。

public class ManagedTransaction implements Transaction { 
    
      private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ManagedTransaction.class);
    
      private DataSource dataSource;
      private TransactionIsolationLevel level;
      private Connection connection;
      private boolean closeConnection;
    
      public ManagedTransaction(Connection connection, boolean closeConnection) { 
        this.connection = connection;
        this.closeConnection = closeConnection;
      }
    
      public ManagedTransaction(DataSource ds, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean closeConnection) { 
        this.dataSource = ds;
        this.level = level;
        this.closeConnection = closeConnection;
      }
    
      @Override
      public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException { 
        if (this.connection == null) { 
          openConnection();
        }
        return this.connection;
      }
    
      @Override
      public void commit() throws SQLException { 
        // Does nothing
      }
    
      @Override
      public void rollback() throws SQLException { 
        // Does nothing
      }
    
      @Override
      public void close() throws SQLException { 
        if (this.closeConnection && this.connection != null) { 
          if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { 
            log.debug("Closing JDBC Connection [" + this.connection + "]");
          }
          this.connection.close();
        }
      }
    
      protected void openConnection() throws SQLException { 
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { 
          log.debug("Opening JDBC Connection");
        }
        this.connection = this.dataSource.getConnection();
        if (this.level != null) { 
          this.connection.setTransactionIsolation(this.level.getLevel());
        }
      }
    
      @Override
      public Integer getTimeout() throws SQLException { 
        return null;
      }
    
    }

### 作用 ###

ManagedTransaction对事务的commit和rollback交给了容器去管理，自己本身并没有做任何处理。

## mybatis 的使用方式 ##

如果Mybatis是单独运行的，没有其他框架管理，此时mybatis内部会对下段代码实现。

con.setAutoCommit(false);
    //此处命令通知数据库,从此刻开始从当前Connection通道推送而来的
    //SQL语句属于同一个业务中这些SQL语句在数据库中应该保存到同一个
    //Transaction中.这个Transaction的行为(commit,rollback)由当前Connection管理.
    try{ 
        //推送sql语句命令……..;
        con.commit();//通知Transaction提交.
    }catch(SQLException ex){ 
        con.rollback();//通知Transaction回滚.
    }

整体来说这种写法比较原始，我们可以将本来交给 connection 处理的事务，统一调整为使用事务管理器处理。

### spring 整合 ###

当然针对 mybatis，大部分都是单个语句的执行。

用于使用 connection 时，实际上得到的是 mybatis 事务管理器封装之后的 connection。

实际上 spring 的整合，可能适用性更强一些。

## 个人实现 ##

看完了 mybatis 的实现原理之后，我们的实现就变得非常简单。

我们可以简化上面的一些实现，保留核心的部分即可。

### 接口定义 ###

我们只保留核心的 3 个接口。

/** * 事务管理 */
    public interface Transaction { 
    
        /** * Retrieve inner database connection * @return DataBase connection */
        Connection getConnection();
    
        /** * Commit inner database connection. */
        void commit();
    
        /** * Rollback inner database connection. */
        void rollback();
    
    }

### ManageTransaction ###

这个实现，我们的 commit 和 rollback 什么都不做。

/** * 事务管理 * * @since 0.0.18 */
    public class ManageTransaction implements Transaction { 
    
        /** * 数据信息 * @since 0.0.18 */
        private final DataSource dataSource;
    
        /** * 隔离级别 * @since 0.0.18 */
        private final TransactionIsolationLevel isolationLevel;
    
        /** * 连接信息 * @since 0.0.18 */
        private Connection connection;
    
        public ManageTransaction(DataSource dataSource, TransactionIsolationLevel isolationLevel) { 
            this.dataSource = dataSource;
            this.isolationLevel = isolationLevel;
        }
    
        public ManageTransaction(DataSource dataSource) { 
            this(dataSource, TransactionIsolationLevel.READ_COMMITTED);
        }
    
        @Override
        public Connection getConnection() { 
            try { 
                if(this.connection == null) { 
                    Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
                    connection.setTransactionIsolation(isolationLevel.getLevel());
                    this.connection = connection;
                }
    
                return connection;
            } catch (SQLException throwables) { 
                throw new MybatisException(throwables);
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void commit() { 
            //nothing
        }
    
        @Override
        public void rollback() { 
            //nothing
        }
    
    }

### JdbcTransaction.java ###

这里和上面的相比较，多出了 commit 和 rollback 的逻辑处理。

package com.github.houbb.mybatis.transaction.impl;
    
    import com.github.houbb.mybatis.constant.enums.TransactionIsolationLevel;
    import com.github.houbb.mybatis.exception.MybatisException;
    import com.github.houbb.mybatis.transaction.Transaction;
    
    import javax.sql.DataSource;
    import java.sql.Connection;
    import java.sql.SQLException;
    
    /** * 事务管理 * * @since 0.0.18 */
    public class JdbcTransaction implements Transaction { 
    
        /** * 数据信息 * @since 0.0.18 */
        private final DataSource dataSource;
    
        /** * 隔离级别 * @since 0.0.18 */
        private final TransactionIsolationLevel isolationLevel;
    
        /** * 自动提交 * @since 0.0.18 */
        private final boolean autoCommit;
    
        /** * 连接信息 * @since 0.0.18 */
        private Connection connection;
    
        public JdbcTransaction(DataSource dataSource, TransactionIsolationLevel isolationLevel, boolean autoCommit) { 
            this.dataSource = dataSource;
            this.isolationLevel = isolationLevel;
            this.autoCommit = autoCommit;
        }
    
        public JdbcTransaction(DataSource dataSource) { 
            this(dataSource, TransactionIsolationLevel.READ_COMMITTED, true);
        }
    
        @Override
        public Connection getConnection(){ 
            try { 
                if(this.connection == null) { 
                    Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
                    connection.setTransactionIsolation(isolationLevel.getLevel());
                    connection.setAutoCommit(autoCommit);
                    this.connection = connection;
                }
    
                return connection;
            } catch (SQLException throwables) { 
                throw new MybatisException(throwables);
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void commit() { 
            try { 
                //非自动提交，才执行 commit 操作
                if(connection != null && !this.autoCommit) { 
                    connection.commit();
                }
            } catch (SQLException throwables) { 
                throw new MybatisException(throwables);
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void rollback() { 
            try { 
                //非自动提交，才执行 commit 操作
                if(connection != null && !this.autoCommit) { 
                    connection.rollback();
                }
            } catch (SQLException throwables) { 
                throw new MybatisException(throwables);
            }
        }
    
    }

![image][image 1]

[mybatis_MVP]: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/8eF7oFxgLsilqLYGOVtkGg
[mybatis_mybatis interceptor]: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/83GzYTQCrWiEowN0gjll0Q
[mybatis_jdbc pool]: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/pO1XU_PD2pHyq-bBWMAP2w
[image]: /images/20230209/4be8597e8ce745ee8f91c396580e66ac.png
[image 1]: https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly91cGxvYWQtaW1hZ2VzLmppYW5zaHUuaW8vdXBsb2FkX2ltYWdlcy81ODc0Njc1LWQ1ODE5MDY3ZDczZjY4Mjk?x-oss-process=image/format,png