Ubuntu18.04查看显卡信息并安装NVDIA显卡驱动driver + Cuda + Cudnn

小灰灰 2023-03-01 12:53 8阅读 0赞

# 环境搭建01——Ubuntu如何查看显卡信息及安装NVDIA显卡驱动 #

原来的贴子有点老了，这里更新一下，算是一个快速安装的笔记吧！  
https://blog.csdn.net/tanmx219/article/details/86553485

### 1.查看显卡型号 ###

输入如下命令：

lshw -c video

会显示以下信息

WARNING: you should run this program as super-user.
      *-display                 
           description: VGA compatible controller
           product: GM107M [GeForce GTX 950M]
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: 0
           bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0
           version: a2
           width: 64 bits
           clock: 33MHz
           capabilities: vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
           configuration: driver=nouveau latency=0
           resources: irq:30 memory:fa000000-faffffff memory:d0000000-dfffffff memory:ce000000-cfffffff ioport:ec00(size=128) memory:c0000-dffff
    WARNING: output may be incomplete or inaccurate, you should run this program as super-user.

### 2.查找你的显卡的驱动 ###

使用这个命令查看你可以使用的驱动：

ubuntu-drivers devices

显示结果如下，

matth32@matth32-Thurley:~/下载$ ubuntu-drivers devices
    
    == /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:04:00.0 ==
    modalias : pci:v000010DEd0000139Asv00001025sd0000091Bbc03sc00i00
    vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
    model    : GM107M [GeForce GTX 950M]
    driver   : nvidia-driver-440 - distro non-free recommended
    driver   : nvidia-driver-390 - distro non-free
    driver   : nvidia-driver-435 - distro non-free
    driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin

去[NVDIA driver search page][]搜索显卡需要的驱动型号并下载(如图）。

选择推荐的那个驱动程序，

nvidia-driver-440 - distro non-free recommended

下载完后安装

sudo sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-440.100.run

#### 附1：如何卸载Nouveau. ####

How to remove Nouveau kernel driver (fix Nvidia install error)

这是因为，在安装前，Nouveau可能已经启动，所以无法安装Nvidia成功。

#---open a terminal---
    sudo apt-get remove nvidia*
    sudo apt autoremove
    sudo apt-get install dkms build-essential linux-headers-generic
     
    sudo vim /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
    #---save the following info into file blacklist.conf---
    blacklist nouveau
    blacklist lbm-nouveau
    options nouveau modeset=0
    alias nouveau off
    alias lbm-nouveau off
    #---end of the info saved----
     
    #---go back to the terminal---
    echo options nouveau modeset=0 | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/nouveau-kms.conf
    sudo update-initramfs -u
    reboot
    ————————————————
    参考链接：https://blog.csdn.net/tanmx219/java/article/details/86553485

#### 附2：安装过程中碰到的问题 ####

The distribution-provided pre-install script failed!  Are you sure you want
      to continue?                                                                 
           
                     Continue installation      Abort installation       
    
    ----> Continue installation
    
    Would you like to register the kernel module sources with DKMS? This will    
      allow DKMS to automatically build a new module, if you install a different   
      kernel later.
    
                              Yes                       No  
    ---->No
    
     The CC version check failed:
    
      The kernel was built with gcc version 7.4.0 (Ubuntu 7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1), 
      but the current compiler version is cc (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) 7.5.0.  
    
      This may lead to subtle problems; if you are not certain whether the         
      mismatched compiler will be compatible with your kernel, you may wish to     
      abort installation, set the CC environment variable to the name of the       
      compiler used to compile your kernel, and restart installation.
    
                    Ignore CC version check     Abort installation         
    
    ----> select ignore
    
     WARNING: Ignoring CC version mismatch:
    
               The kernel was built with gcc version 7.4.0 (Ubuntu
               7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1), but the current compiler version is cc     
               (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) 7.5.0.
    
                                           OK  
    ----> OK
    
    Install NVIDIA's 32-bit compatibility libraries?
                                                                                   
                              Yes                       No   
    ----> No
    
     An incomplete installation of libglvnd was found. All of the essential       
      libglvnd libraries are present, but one or more optional components are      
      missing. Do you want to install a full copy of libglvnd? This will overwrite 
      any existing libglvnd libraries.
    
          Don't install  Install and overw          Abort installation.       
    
    ---->Install and overw
    
    Would you like to run the nvidia-xconfig utility to automatically update
      your X configuration file so that the NVIDIA X driver will be used when you
      restart X?  Any pre-existing X configuration file will be backed up.         
                                                                          
                              Yes                       No                 
                              
    ---->Yes
    
    Your X configuration file has been successfully updated.  Installation of    
      the NVIDIA Accelerated Graphics Driver for Linux-x86_64 (version: 440.100)   
      is now complete.
    
                                           OK  
    ----> OK

### 三，安装后检查 ###

查看NVIDIA版本检验是否安装完成

$ nvidia-smi

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbm14MjE5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

# 环境搭建02——Ubuntu安装cuda和cudnn #

#### 查看安装的nvidia驱动版本号 ####

nvidia-smi //第一行信息
    
    ~$ nvidia-smi
    Fri Jul 24 11:55:29 2020       
    +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | NVIDIA-SMI 440.100      Driver Version: 440.100      CUDA Version: 10.2     |
    |-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
    | GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
    | Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
    |===============================+======================+======================|
    |   0  GeForce GTX 950M    Off  | 00000000:04:00.0  On |                  N/A |
    | N/A   35C    P8    N/A /  N/A |    189MiB /  4038MiB |      1%      Default |
    +-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
                                                                                   
    +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | Processes:                                                       GPU Memory |
    |  GPU       PID   Type   Process name                             Usage      |
    |=============================================================================|
    |    0      1129      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                            12MiB |
    |    0      1179      G   /usr/bin/gnome-shell                          47MiB |
    |    0      3130      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                            59MiB |
    |    0      3281      G   /usr/bin/gnome-shell                          62MiB |
    |    0      3990      G   /usr/lib/firefox/firefox                       1MiB |
    +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

可以看到版本是10.2.

#### 选择安装的CUDA版本并下载 ####

[下载地址][Link 1]  
[英伟达官方的cuda和驱动的对应][cuda]

找到DOWNLOAD－》LEGACY RELEASES类似的按钮，最后找到所需要的版本

[10.2的cuda地址][10.2_cuda]

#### 安装cuda ####

采用官网提供的安装方式

Base Installer  
Installation Instructions:

wget http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/10.2/Prod/local_installers/cuda_10.2.89_440.33.01_linux.run
    sudo sh cuda_10.2.89_440.33.01_linux.run

网络不好的话会有点慢，2G多。当然也可用工具下载完后再安装。

安装时会问你要不要接受什么之类的，输入accept回车然后再直接选回车安装。

一般情况下，如果安装成功，会给出下面这样的提示性字样

===========
    = Summary =
    ===========
    
    Driver:   Installed
    Toolkit:  Installed in /usr/local/cuda-10.2/
    Samples:  Installed in /home/matthew/, but missing recommended libraries
    
    Please make sure that
     -   PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-10.2/bin
     -   LD_LIBRARY_PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-10.2/lib64, or, add /usr/local/cuda-10.2/lib64 to /etc/ld.so.conf and run ldconfig as root
    
    To uninstall the CUDA Toolkit, run cuda-uninstaller in /usr/local/cuda-10.2/bin
    To uninstall the NVIDIA Driver, run nvidia-uninstall
    
    Please see CUDA_Installation_Guide_Linux.pdf in /usr/local/cuda-10.2/doc/pdf for detailed information on setting up CUDA.
    Logfile is /var/log/cuda-installer.log

如果安装不成功，大多是是因为图形界面启用了drm什么之类的，用下面的办法切换到text console模式，然后再使用安装命令

sudo sh cuda\_10.2.89\_440.33.01\_linux.run

当然，如果你是第一次使用字符界面，最好先设置密码，免得出现无法登陆的情况，

sudo passwd root

然后再使用下面的办法在字符界面安装。安装完后返回图形界面即可。

#### 安装时报错的情况 －－切换到字符界面 ####

报错 ERROR: An NVIDIA kernel module ‘nvidia-drm’ appears to already be loaded in your kernel.

关闭用户图形界面

sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target  
sudo reboot

开启用户图形界面

sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target  
sudo reboot

一般来说，切换到字符界面下后，安装就没有问题，如果切换到图形界面有困难，可以考虑下面的办法

(1)edit  /etc/default/grub
    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="text"
    GRUB_TERMINAL=console
    
    (2)After saving changes you need to run:
    sudo update-grub
    sudo systemctl enable multi-user.target --force
    sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target
    
    (3)Undoing text-mode
    sudo systemctl enable graphical.target --force
    sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target

#### 安装后配置Cuda环境变量 ####

在text console模式下安装成功后，会有一段提示，我们按提示配置即可，这里我们按照网上大多数人的做法配置一下，

sudo gedit ~/.bashrc  
在 ~/.bashrc 的最后添加 (网上共看到三种添加内容):  
第一种

export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-10.2/bin${PATH:+:${PATH}}
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-10.2.0/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}

第二种

export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-10.2/bin:$PATH
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda10.2/lib64

第三种（\* $PATH表示添加到PATH）

export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-10.2/bin:$PATH  
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-10.2/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
    export CUDA_HOME=/usr/local/cuda

配置完环境变量之后，一定要更新一下，否则不能立即生效。也可以通过重启电脑使得环境变量生效：  
$source ~/.bashrc  
或者：  
$source /etc/profile

source ~/.bashrc  
nvcc --version

如果显示下面的文字就说明安装成功了：

nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
    Copyright (c) 2005-2019 NVIDIA Corporation
    Built on Wed_Oct_23_19:24:38_PDT_2019
    Cuda compilation tools, release 10.2, V10.2.89

当然你也可以查看一下路径是否设置好了，

user@sv-MS-7816:~$  echo "$CUDA_HOME"
    /usr/local/cuda

#### CUDNN的安装 ####

下载cuDNN(注意RUN-LIB.DEB包和LIB包是不同的东西)  
首先到官网下载cuDNN（ https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn ），注意  
cuDNN Library for Windows 7  
cuDNN Library for Windows 10  
cuDNN Library for Linux （------->download this one<----------）  
cuDNN Runtime Library for Ubuntu18.04 (Deb)  
cuDNN Developer Library for Ubuntu18.04 (Deb)  
cuDNN Code Samples and User Guide for Ubuntu18.04 (Deb)  
cuDNN Runtime Library for Ubuntu16.04 (Deb)  
cuDNN Developer Library for Ubuntu16.04 (Deb)  
cuDNN Code Samples and User Guide for Ubuntu16.04 (Deb)  
可以直接下载DEB的地址：https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/machine-learning/repos/ubuntu1804/x86\_64/  
这个LIB需要注册为开发者才能下载，而且直接下载可能速度非常慢。RUN-LIB（没有头文件，之只有链接库）注意选择对应的版本，比如我选择的是，  
libcudnn7\_7.6.5.32-1+cuda10.2\_amd64.deb  
对应  
Download cuDNN v7.6.5 (November 18th, 2019), for CUDA 10.2  
Library for Windows, Mac, Linux, Ubuntu and RedHat/Centos(x86\_64architecture)  
cuDNN Library for Windows 7  
cuDNN Library for Windows 10  
cuDNN Library for Linux  
cuDNN Runtime Library for Ubuntu18.04 (Deb) －－－> Select this package  
cuDNN Developer Library for Ubuntu18.04 (Deb)  
cuDNN Code Samples and User Guide for Ubuntu18.04 (Deb)  
cuDNN Runtime Library for Ubuntu16.04 (Deb)  
cuDNN Developer Library for Ubuntu16.04 (Deb)  
cuDNN Code Samples and User Guide for Ubuntu16.04 (Deb)  
DEB(RUN-LIB)下载下来后，右键“用软件安装打开”－－》“安装”，然后就OK了。

对LIB（\*.tgz）当然你也可以用copy的方式（这里有头文件cudnn.h等），打开包，里面的文件都是按路径放置好的了。[官方给出的安装办法][Link 2]是

1.  Navigate to your directory containing the cuDNN Tar file.
2.  Unzip the cuDNN package.
    
        $ tar -xzvf cudnn-10.2-linux-x64-v7.6.5.32.tgz
3.  Copy the following files into the CUDA Toolkit directory, and change the file permissions.
    
        $ sudo cp cuda/include/cudnn.h /usr/local/cuda/include
        $ sudo cp cuda/lib64/libcudnn* /usr/local/cuda/lib64
        $ sudo chmod a+r /usr/local/cuda/include/cudnn.h /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcudnn*

重复说一下，主要是解压，然后执行

sudo cp cuda/include/cudnn.h /usr/local/cuda/include/
    sudo cp cuda/lib64/libcudnn* /usr/local/cuda/lib64/

手动拷贝还要设置一下权限

sudo chmod a+r /usr/local/cuda/include/cudnn.h 
    sudo chmod a+r /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcudnn*

检查查看cudnn版本

cat /usr/local/cuda/include/cudnn.h | grep CUDNN\_MAJOR -A 2

如果显示下面的文字就说明安装成功了：

#define CUDNN_MAJOR 7
    #define CUDNN_MINOR 6
    #define CUDNN_PATCHLEVEL 5
    --
    #define CUDNN_VERSION (CUDNN_MAJOR * 1000 + CUDNN_MINOR * 100 + CUDNN_PATCHLEVEL)
    
    #include "driver_types.h"

参考资料：

「1」：https://blog.csdn.net/qiancaobaicheng/article/details/95096354

[NVDIA driver search page]: https://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbm14MjE5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20230208/8c62febd53b64ac0b8d74c847d4cc7b2.png
[Link 1]: https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit
[cuda]: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-toolkit-release-notes/index.html
[10.2_cuda]: https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-10.2-download-archive?target_os=Linux&target_arch=x86_64&target_distro=Ubuntu&target_version=1804&target_type=runfilelocal
[Link 2]: https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/sdk/cudnn-install/index.html