看完这篇文章，还说自己不会使用Zookeeper命令吗

以你之姓@ 2023-03-02 14:53 6阅读 0赞

### 目录 ###

*   *   *   *   *   *  客户端、服务器命令
                     *  节点属性
                     *  help命令
                     *  新增、查询节点
                     *  修改节点
                     *  删除节点
                     *  查看子节点列表
                     *  查看节点状态
                     *  监听器
                     *  权限控制

首先说明一下环境，溪源使用zookeeper版本为3.5.10；由于版本不同，命令语法略有差异，提前说明一下，但是基本原理一致，大家可以通过help命令查看自己当前版本的命令语法。

###### 客户端、服务器命令 ######

切换至zookeeper安装目录下的bin目录输入以下命令启动服务器或者客户端
    1. 启动ZK服务: ./zkServer.sh start
    2. 查看ZK服务状态: ./zkServer.sh status
    3. 停止ZK服务: ./zkServer.sh stop
    4. 重启ZK服务: ./zkServer.sh restart
    5. 连接内部客户端: ./zkCli.sh或者./zkCli.sh -server 127.0.0.1(指定连接服务器IP):2181

###### 节点属性 ######

学习zookeeper常用命令之前先介绍一下节点属性的含义。

-`cZxid`：当前数据结点创建时的事务ID——针对于`zookeeper`数据结点的管理：我们对结点数据的一些写操作都会导致`zookeeper`自动地为我们去开启一个事务，并且自动地去为每一个事务维护一个事务`ID`
    - `ctime`：当前数据结点创建时的时间
    - `mZxid`：当前数据结点最后一次更新时的事务ID
    - `mtime`：当前数据结点最后一次更新时的时间
    - `pZxid`：当前数据节点最后一次修改**其**子节点**更改的`zxid`。修改指(增加子节点、删除子节点)，并不指其子节点的数据发生改变；
    - `cversion`：当前数据节点对应**子结点**的更改次数
    - `dataVersion`：当前结点数据的发生更改的次数
    - `aclVersion`：当前结点的ACL更改次数——类似`linux`的权限列表，维护的是当前结点的权限列表被修改的次数
    - `ephemeralOwner`：如果结点是临时结点，则表示创建该结点的会话的`SessionID`；如果是持久结点，该属性值为0
    - `dataLength`：当前节点的数据内容长度
    - `numChildren`：当前数据结点的子结点个数

###### help命令 ######

zookeeper基本常用命令通过help查看，遇到错误命令可以直接查询语法。

ZooKeeper -server host:port cmd args
    	addauth scheme auth
    	close 
    	config [-c] [-w] [-s]
    	connect host:port
    	create [-s] [-e] [-c] [-t ttl] path [data] [acl]
    	delete [-v version] path
    	deleteall path
    	delquota [-n|-b] path
    	get [-s] [-w] path
    	getAcl [-s] path
    	history 
    	listquota path
    	ls [-s] [-w] [-R] path
    	ls2 path [watch]
    	printwatches on|off
    	quit 
    	reconfig [-s] [-v version] [[-file path] | [-members serverID=host:port1:port2;port3[,...]*]] | [-add serverId=host:port1:port2;port3[,...]]* [-remove serverId[,...]*]
    	redo cmdno
    	removewatches path [-c|-d|-a] [-l]
    	rmr path
    	set [-s] [-v version] path data
    	setAcl [-s] [-v version] [-R] path acl
    	setquota -n|-b val path
    	stat [-w] path
    	sync path
    Command not found: Command not found help

###### 新增、查询节点 ######

*  新增命令：`create [-s] [-e] path data`  
    其中 -s 为有序结点，-e 临时结点（默认是持久结点）
 *  查询命令：`get [-s] [-w] path`  
    \-s 查看节点所有信息:数据信息+节点属性值  
    \-w 查看节点数据信息
 *  实战

//创建持久化节点node1
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] create /node1 "123"
    Created /node1
    //查看node1节点属性
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] get -s /node1
    123
    cZxid = 0x43
    ctime = Wed Jul 29 21:27:31 CST 2020
    mZxid = 0x43
    mtime = Wed Jul 29 21:27:31 CST 2020
    pZxid = 0x43
    cversion = 0
    dataVersion = 0
    aclVersion = 0
    ephemeralOwner = 0x0
    dataLength = 3
    numChildren = 0
    //创建有序持久化节点
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] create -s /seqNode1 "seq1"
    Created /seqNode10000000011
    //查看有序持久化节点信息
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] get -s /seqNode10000000011
    seq1
    cZxid = 0x44
    ctime = Wed Jul 29 21:28:25 CST 2020
    mZxid = 0x44
    mtime = Wed Jul 29 21:28:25 CST 2020
    pZxid = 0x44
    cversion = 0
    dataVersion = 0
    aclVersion = 0
    ephemeralOwner = 0x0
    dataLength = 4
    numChildren = 0
    //创建临时节点
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] create -s -e /tmpNode1 "tmp"
    Created /tmpNode10000000012
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5] get -s /tmpNode10000000012
    tmp
    cZxid = 0x45
    ctime = Wed Jul 29 21:35:28 CST 2020
    mZxid = 0x45
    mtime = Wed Jul 29 21:35:28 CST 2020
    pZxid = 0x45
    cversion = 0
    dataVersion = 0
    aclVersion = 0
    ephemeralOwner = 0x10029ab39130008
    dataLength = 3
    numChildren = 0

###### 修改节点 ######

*  命令： `set [-s] [-v version] path data`  
    可以直接进行修改;也可以选择使用版本号  
    \-v + 版本号，类似乐观锁原理；

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 13] set /node1 "456"
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 14] get -w /node1
    456
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 15] set -v 0 /node1 "234"
    
    WATCHER::
    
    WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type:NodeDataChanged path:/node1
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 16] get -w /node1
    234

###### 删除节点 ######

*  命令：

`delete [-v version] path`:可以直接删除，也可以指定版本号删除，此命令只能删除单个节点，如果存在子节点，则需要依次删除子节点

`deleteall path`：直接删除指定的所有节点

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] delete /node1
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] get -s /node1
    org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException$NoNodeException: KeeperErrorCode = NoNode for /node1
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] create /node1 "node1"
    Created /node1
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5] create /node1/node11 "node11"
    Created /node1/node11
    //使用delete删除存在子节点的节点，删除失败
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 6] delete /node1
    Node not empty: /node1
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 7] get -s /node1
    node1
    cZxid = 0x4f
    ctime = Wed Jul 29 21:53:37 CST 2020
    mZxid = 0x4f
    mtime = Wed Jul 29 21:53:37 CST 2020
    pZxid = 0x50
    cversion = 1
    dataVersion = 0
    aclVersion = 0
    ephemeralOwner = 0x0
    dataLength = 5
    numChildren = 1
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 8] deleteall /node1
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 9] get /node1
    org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException$NoNodeException: KeeperErrorCode = NoNode for /node1

注意：删除存在子节点时，命令不要再使用rmr，此命令已经无效。

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 17] rmr /node1
    The command 'rmr' has been deprecated. Please use 'deleteall' instead.

###### 查看子节点列表 ######

*  命令：

`ls [-s] [-w] [-R] path`:

`ls2 path [watch]`

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 19] ls /
    [a0000000001, b0000000002, c, hadoop, seqNode10000000011, zookeeper]
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 20] ls -s /
    [a0000000001, b0000000002, c, hadoop, seqNode10000000011, zookeeper]cZxid = 0x0
    ctime = Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970
    mZxid = 0x0
    mtime = Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970
    pZxid = 0x53
    cversion = 22
    dataVersion = 0
    aclVersion = 0
    ephemeralOwner = 0x0
    dataLength = 0
    numChildren = 6
    
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 21] create /node1 "node1"
    Created /node1
    //当前节点下没有子节点，返回空数组
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 22] ls /node1
    []
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 23] create /node1/node11 "node11"
    Created /node1/node11
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 24] ls /node1
    [node11]

###### 查看节点状态 ######

使用`stat`命令查看节点状态，与`get`命令的区别是此命令不返回数据信息；

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 25] stat /node1
    cZxid = 0x55
    ctime = Wed Jul 29 22:05:16 CST 2020
    mZxid = 0x55
    mtime = Wed Jul 29 22:05:16 CST 2020
    pZxid = 0x56
    cversion = 1
    dataVersion = 0
    aclVersion = 0
    ephemeralOwner = 0x0
    dataLength = 5
    numChildren = 1

###### 监听器 ######

特殊说明`get path [watch]`命令已被废弃：

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 27] get /node1 watch
    'get path [watch]' has been deprecated. Please use 'get [-s] [-w] path' instead.
    node1

使用 `get [-s] [-w] path`注册的监听器能够在结点**内容发生改变**的时候，向客户端发出通知。需要注意的是`zookeeper`的触发器是一次性的(`One-time trigger`)，即触发一次后就会立即失效。

//一个窗口监听，新打开一个窗口修改节点数据
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 29] get -w /node1
    node1
    //收到修改信息
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 30] 
    WATCHER::
    
    WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type:NodeDataChanged path:/node1
    
    //另一个窗口修改节点：
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] set /node1 "set node1"

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3h1YW5fbHU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

###### 权限控制 ######

`zookeeper`类似文件系统，`client`可以创建结点、更新结点、删除结点，那么如何做到结点的权限控制呢？  
`zookeeper`的 `access control list` 访问控制列表可以做到这一点。  
`acl`权限控制，使用`scheme：id：permission`来标识，主要涵盖3个方面：

1.  权限模式(`scheme`)：授权的策略
2.  授权对象(`id`)：授权的对象
3.  权限(`permission`)：授予的权限  
    **权限模式**
    
    <table> 
     <thead> 
      <tr> 
       <th>方案</th> 
       <th>描述</th> 
      </tr> 
     </thead> 
     <tbody> 
      <tr> 
       <td>world</td> 
       <td>只有一个用户：<code>anyone</code>，代表登录<code>zookeeper</code>所有人(默认)</td> 
      </tr> 
      <tr> 
       <td>ip</td> 
       <td>对客户端使用IP地址认证</td> 
      </tr> 
      <tr> 
       <td>auth</td> 
       <td>使用已添加认证的用户认证</td> 
      </tr> 
      <tr> 
       <td>digest</td> 
       <td>使用"用户名：密码"方式认证</td> 
      </tr> 
     </tbody> 
    </table>

**授权对象**

*  给谁授予权限
 *  授权对象ID是指，权限赋予的实体，例如：IP地址或用户

**权限**

*  `create、delete、read、writer、admin`也就是 增、删、查、改、管理权限，这5种权限简写为 c d r w a，注意：  
    这五种权限中，有的权限并不是对结点自身操作的例如：delete是指对**子结点**的删除权限。  
    可以试图删除父结点，但是子结点必须删除干净，所以`delete`的权限也是很有用的

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>权限</th> 
   <th>ACL简写</th> 
   <th>描述</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>create</td> 
   <td>c</td> 
   <td>可以创建子结点</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>delete</td> 
   <td>d</td> 
   <td>可以删除子结点(仅下一级结点)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>read</td> 
   <td>r</td> 
   <td>可以读取结点数据以及显示子结点列表</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>write</td> 
   <td>w</td> 
   <td>可以设置结点数据</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>admin</td> 
   <td>a</td> 
   <td>可以设置结点访问控制权限列表</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**授权的相关命令**

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>使用方式</th> 
   <th>描述</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>getAcl</td> 
   <td>getAcl</td> 
   <td>读取ACL权限</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>setAcl</td> 
   <td>setAcl</td> 
   <td>设置ACL权限</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>addauth</td> 
   <td>addauth</td> 
   <td>添加认证用户</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

*  world模式:

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 31] getAcl /node1
    'world,'anyone
    : cdrwa
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 32] setAcl /node1 world:anyone:drwa
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 33] create /node1/node2 "node2"
    Authentication is not valid : /node1/node2
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 34] setAcl /node1 world:anyone:cdrwa
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 35] create /node1/node2 "node2"
    Created /node1/node2

*  IP模式：  
    需要两台虚拟机一起授权的话需要用**逗号**将授权列表隔开：`setAcl /ipNode ip:192.168.103.133:cdrwa,ip:192.168.103.132:cdrwa`

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 8] create /ipNode "ipNode"
    Created /ipNode
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 9] get -s /ipNode
    ipNode
    cZxid = 0x65
    ctime = Wed Jul 29 23:22:23 CST 2020
    mZxid = 0x65
    mtime = Wed Jul 29 23:22:23 CST 2020
    pZxid = 0x65
    cversion = 0
    dataVersion = 0
    aclVersion = 0
    ephemeralOwner = 0x0
    dataLength = 6
    numChildren = 0
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 10] setAcl /ipNode ip:192.168.16.81:ra
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 11] get -s /ipNode
    org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException$NoAuthException: KeeperErrorCode = NoAuth for /ipNode

*  auth模式：  
    命令：  
    **`addauth digest <user>:<password>`**  
    **`setAcl <path> auth:<user>:<acl>`**

//认证用户
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 36] addauth digest qxy:123456
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 37] get -s /node1
    set node1
    cZxid = 0x55
    ctime = Wed Jul 29 22:05:16 CST 2020
    mZxid = 0x58
    mtime = Wed Jul 29 22:31:29 CST 2020
    pZxid = 0x5c
    cversion = 2
    dataVersion = 1
    aclVersion = 2
    ephemeralOwner = 0x0
    dataLength = 9
    numChildren = 2
    //设置认证用户
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 38] setAcl /node1 auth:qxy:cdrwa
    //退出，重新进入
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 39] quit
    
    WATCHER::
    
    WatchedEvent state:Closed type:None path:null
    2020-07-29 22:58:56,574 [myid:] - INFO  [main:ZooKeeper@1422] - Session: 0x10029ab39130009 closed
    2020-07-29 22:58:56,574 [myid:] - INFO  [main-EventThread:ClientCnxn$EventThread@524] - EventThread shut down for session: 0x10029ab39130009
    //未用户认证，无法获取节点信息
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] get -s /node1
    org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException$NoAuthException: KeeperErrorCode = NoAuth for /node1
    //认证用户，注意此处密码错误，不会提示错误，但是无法访问节点
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] addauth digest qxy:123456
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] get -s /node1
    set node1
    cZxid = 0x55
    ctime = Wed Jul 29 22:05:16 CST 2020
    mZxid = 0x58
    mtime = Wed Jul 29 22:31:29 CST 2020
    pZxid = 0x5c
    cversion = 2
    dataVersion = 1
    aclVersion = 3
    ephemeralOwner = 0x0
    dataLength = 9
    numChildren = 2

*  Digest模式：  
    命令：**`setAcl <path> digest:<user>:<password>:<acl>`**  
    密码是经过`SHA1`以及`BASE64`处理的密文，在shell 中可以通过以下命令计算：

echo -n <user>:<password> | openssl dgst -binary -sha1 | openssl base64

建立新的窗口，计算密码

[root@izbp14najjyuhkvm4qbic7z bin]# echo -n qxy:123456 | openssl dgst -binary -sha1 | openssl base64
    hDF4uLZvMJqOX2ekKFa6kSz9HNo=

实战：

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5] create /digestNode "digestNode"
    Created /digestNode
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] setAcl /digestNode digest:qxy:hDF4uLZvMJqOX2ekKFa6kSz9HNo=:cdrwa
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] get /digestNode
    org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException$NoAuthException: KeeperErrorCode = NoAuth for /digestNode
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] setAcl /digestNode digest:qxy:hDF4uLZvMJqOX2ekKFa6kSz9HNo=:cdrwa
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] get /digestNode
    org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException$NoAuthException: KeeperErrorCode = NoAuth for /digestNode
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] getAcl /digestNode
    Authentication is not valid : /digestNode
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5] addauth digest qxy:123456
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 6] getAcl /digestNode
    'digest,'qxy:hDF4uLZvMJqOX2ekKFa6kSz9HNo=
    : cdrwa
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 7] get /digestNode
    digestNode

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