Python | 使用del （）和init （）实现析构函数和构造函数的示例

短命女 2023-03-05 05:27 23阅读 0赞

To implement a constructor, we use \_\_init()\_\_ and to implement a destructor, we use \_\_del()\_\_ in python.

为了实现构造函数，我们使用\_\_init()\_\_ ；为了实现析构函数，我们使用python中的\_\_del()\_\_ 。

**Program:**

**程序：**

class Employee:
        def __init__(self): #Constructor
            self.__id = 0
            self.__name = ""
            self.__gender = ""
            self.__city = ""
            self.__salary = 0
            print("Object Initialized.")
        def __del__(self): #Destructor
            print("Object Destroyed.")
        def setData(self):
            self.__id=int(input("Enter Id\t:"))
            self.__name = input("Enter Name\t:")
            self.__gender = input("Enter Gender:")
            self.__city = input("Enter City\t:")
            self.__salary = int(input("Enter Salary:"))
        def showData(self):
            print("Id\t\t:",self.__id)
            print("Name\t:", self.__name)
            print("Gender\t:", self.__gender)
            print("City\t:", self.__city)
            print("Salary\t:", self.__salary)
    
    
    def main():
        #Employee Object
        emp=Employee()
        #emp.setData()
        emp.showData()
    
    if __name__=="__main__":
        main()

**Output**

**输出量**

Object Initialized.
    Id              : 0
    Name    :
    Gender  :
    City    :
    Salary  : 0
    Object Destroyed.

**by using \_\_str\_\_ method**

**通过使用\_\_str\_\_方法**

In this program we are **implementing str function** using \_\_str\_\_(). This function returns a string whenever we pass class's object to print() function.

在此程序中，我们使用\_\_str \_\_() **实现str函数** 。 每当我们将类的对象传递给print()函数时，此函数都会返回一个字符串。

# employee class code in Python
    # class definition
    class Employee:
    	def __init__(self): #Constructor
    		self.__id = 0
    		self.__name = ""
    		self.__gender = ""
    		self.__city = ""
    		self.__salary = 0
    		print("Object Initialized.")
    
    	def __del__(self): #Destructor
    		print("Object Destroyed.")
    
    	def setData(self):
    		self.__id=int(input("Enter Id\t:"))
    		self.__name = input("Enter Name\t:")
    		self.__gender = input("Enter Gender:")
    		self.__city = input("Enter City\t:")
    		self.__salary = int(input("Enter Salary:"))
    
    	def __str__(self):
    		data = "["+str(self.__id)+","+self.__name+","+self.__gender+","+self.__city+","+str(self.__salary)+"]"
    		return data
    
    	def showData(self):
    		print("Id\t\t:",self.__id)
    		print("Name\t:", self.__name)
    		print("Gender\t:", self.__gender)
    		print("City\t:", self.__city)
    		print("Salary\t:", self.__salary)
    
    
    def main():
    	#Employee Object
    	emp=Employee()
    	emp.setData()
    	emp.showData()
    	print(emp)
    
    if __name__=="__main__":
    	main()

**Output**

**输出量**

Object Initialized.
    Enter Id        :101
    Enter Name      :Pankaj
    Enter Gender:Male
    Enter City      :Delhi
    Enter Salary:70000
    Id              : 101
    Name    : Pankaj
    Gender  : Male
    City    : Delhi
    Salary  : 70000
    [101,Pankaj,Male,Delhi,70000]
    Object Destroyed.

> 翻译自: [https://www.includehelp.com/python/implement-destructor-and-constructors-using-\_\_del\_\_-and-\_\_init\_\_.aspx][https_www.includehelp.com_python_implement-destructor-and-constructors-using-_del_-and-_init_.aspx]

[https_www.includehelp.com_python_implement-destructor-and-constructors-using-_del_-and-_init_.aspx]: https://www.includehelp.com/python/implement-destructor-and-constructors-using-__del__-and-__init__.aspx