python 复制替换文件_在Python中复制和替换文件

我会带着你远行 2023-03-05 12:40 17阅读 0赞

python 复制替换文件

The python language provides a **built-in module "shutil"**, which offers numerous high-level operations on files and collections of files. In particular, functions are provided to support the file copying and removal.

python语言提供了一个**内置的模块“ shutil”** ，该**模块**对文件和文件集合提供了许多高级操作。 特别是，提供了支持文件复制和删除的功能。

### 拷贝文件 **(**Copy file**)** ###

shutil.copyfile(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True)

Copies the contents of file from source(src) to destination(dst). src and dst are the path names as a string. dst must be the complete target file name.

将文件内容从源( src )复制到目标( dst )。 src和dst是字符串形式的路径名。 dst必须是完整的目标文件名。

Reminders,

提醒事项

*  If src and dst are the same locations, **SameFileError** is raised.
    
    如果src和dst位于相同的位置， **则会**引发**SameFileError** 。
 *  The dst must be writable, else an **IO Error** will be raised.
    
    dst必须可写，否则将引发**IO错误** 。
 *  If dst already exists, it will be replaced.
    
    如果dst已经存在，它将被替换。
 *  If follow\_symlinks are false and src is a symbolic link, then a new symbolic link will be created instead of copying the file src points to.
    
    如果follow\_symlinks为false并且src是符号链接，则将创建一个新的符号链接，而不是将src指向的文件复制到该链接。

### 使用shutil.copyfile()复制文件的Python代码 **(**Python code to copy the files using shutil.copyfile() **)** ###

# importing the modules
    import os
    import shutil
    
    # getting the current working directory
    src_dir = os.getcwd()
    
    # printing current directory
    print(src_dir) 
    
    # copying the files
    shutil.copyfile('test.txt', 'test.txt.copy2') #copy src to dst
    
    # printing the list of new files
    print(os.listdir())

**Output**

**输出量**

/home/sradhakr/Desktop/my_work
    'test.txt.copy2'
    ['python_samples', 'test.txt', 'test', 'test.txt.copy', 'test.txt.copy2']

### 移动文件 **(**Move files**)** ###

shutil.move(src, dst, copy_function=copy2)

The above method recursively moves the file from src to dst and returns the destination.

上面的方法将文件从src递归移动到dst并返回目标。

Reminders,

提醒事项

*  If the destination is an existing directory, then the src object is moved inside the given dst.
    
    如果目标是现有目录，则将src对象移动到给定的dst中 。
 *  In case the destination already exists and is not a directory, it will be overwritten using **os.rename()**.
    
    如果目标已经存在并且不是目录，则将使用**os.rename()**覆盖它。
 *  In case the destination is on the current filesystem, then **os.rename()** is used. In the case of symlinks, a new symlink pointing to the target of src will be created in or as dst and src will be removed.
    
    如果目标位于当前文件系统上，则使用**os.rename()** 。 对于符号链接 ，将在dst中或作为dst创建指向src目标的新符号链接 ，并删除src 。
 *  The default **copy\_function** is **copy2()**. Using **copy()** as the **copy\_function** allows the move to succeed.
    
    默认的**copy\_function**是**copy2()** 。 使用**copy()**作为**copy\_function**可以使移动成功。

### 使用Python代码移动文件 **(**Python code to move files**)** ###

**Commnd to get the list of files and directories:**

**Commnd获取文件和目录列表：**

-bash-4.2$ ls
        python_samples  test  test.txt  test.txt.copy  test.txt.copy2

**Code to move files:**

**移动文件的代码：**

# Importing the modules
    import os
    import shutil
    
    # getting src & dest directories
    src_dir = os.getcwd() #gets the current working dir
    dest_dir = src_dir + "/python_samples" 
    
    # move method to move the file
    shutil.move('test.txt',dest_dir)
    
    # the file 'test.txt' is moved from src to dest
    print(os.listdir()) 
    os.chdir(dest_dir)
    
    # list of files in dest
    print(os.listdir())

**Output**

**输出量**

'/home/sradhakr/Desktop/my_work/python_samples/test.txt'
    ['python_samples', 'test', 'test.txt.copy', 'test.txt.copy2']
    ['.git', '.gitignore', 'README.md', 'src', 'test.txt']

**Reference:** [https://docs.python.org/3/faq/windows.html][https_docs.python.org_3_faq_windows.html]

**参考：** [https][https_docs.python.org_3_faq_windows.html] **:** [//docs.python.org/3/faq/windows.html][https_docs.python.org_3_faq_windows.html]

> 翻译自: [https://www.includehelp.com/python/copy-and-replace-files-in-python.aspx][https_www.includehelp.com_python_copy-and-replace-files-in-python.aspx]

python 复制替换文件

[https_docs.python.org_3_faq_windows.html]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/shutil.html
[https_www.includehelp.com_python_copy-and-replace-files-in-python.aspx]: https://www.includehelp.com/python/copy-and-replace-files-in-python.aspx