k8s (二十三) --- kubernetes Helm之构建一个 Helm Chart

你的名字 2023-03-13 11:37 8阅读 0赞

### kubernetes Helm之构建一个 Helm Chart ###

*  一、创建helm chart
 *  二、构建本地chart仓库
 *  三、安装push插件
 *  四、部署应用
 *   *  部署mychart应用到k8s集群
     *  更新版本
     *  版本回滚
     *  卸载应用

# 一、创建helm chart #

可以使用以下命令来创建一个名为mychart 的 helm chart：

[root@server1 helm]# helm create mychart
    Creating mychart

创建后会在目录创建一个mychart目录：

[root@server1 helm]# ls
    mychart  redis-ha
    [root@server1 helm]# tree mychart/		#查看结构
    mychart/
    ├── charts
    ├── Chart.yaml
    ├── templates
    │   ├── deployment.yaml
    │   ├── _helpers.tpl
    │   ├── hpa.yaml
    │   ├── ingress.yaml
    │   ├── NOTES.txt
    │   ├── serviceaccount.yaml
    │   ├── service.yaml
    │   └── tests
    │       └── test-connection.yaml
    └── values.yaml

其中mychart目录下的`templates`目录中保存有部署的模板文件，`values.yaml`中定义了部署的变量，`Chart.yaml`文件包含有version（chart版本）和appVersion（包含应用的版本）。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1ODg3NTQ2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
现在我们来更改变量文件`values.yaml`：

[root@server1 mychart]# vim values.yaml

选择镜像及标签和副本数（这里设置1个）。  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200513100453366.png]编辑完成后检查依赖和模板配置是否正确:

[root@server1 mychart]# helm lint .
    ==> Linting .
    [INFO] Chart.yaml: icon is recommended
    
    1 chart(s) linted, 0 chart(s) failed

将应用打包：

[root@server1 mychart]# cd ..
    [root@server1 helm]# helm package mychart/
    Successfully packaged chart and saved it to: /root/helm/mychart-0.1.0.tgz

打包后会在当前目录下生成一个名为`mychart-0.1.0.tgz`压缩包：

[root@server1 helm]# ls
    mychart  mychart-0.1.0.tgz  redis-ha

其中`0.1.0`为在`Chart.yaml`文件中定义的version（chart版本）信息。

# 二、构建本地chart仓库 #

helm v3 需要外部仓库软件的支持，我们这里使用以前部署的harbor仓库（新版本的harbor仓库支持helm chart库）。

harbor仓库的部署可以参考：[https://blog.csdn.net/qq\_35887546/article/details/105411743][https_blog.csdn.net_qq_35887546_article_details_105411743]

部署好之后需要在harbor创建一个公有项目来存放chart：

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1ODg3NTQ2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
可以看出现在仓库还没有chart。

将仓库添加到helm：

[root@server1 helm]# helm repo add mychart https://reg.westos.org/chartrepo/charts
    Error: looks like "https://reg.westos.org/chartrepo/charts" is not a valid chart repository or cannot be reached: Get https://reg.westos.org/chartrepo/charts/index.yaml: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority

可以看出报错是缺少证书，可以将证书复制到redhat的全局证书地址：

[root@server1 helm]# cd /etc/docker/certs.d/reg.westos.org/
    [root@server1 reg.westos.org]# ls
    ca.crt
    [root@server1 reg.westos.org]# cp ca.crt /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/
    [root@server1 reg.westos.org]# update-ca-trust 		#更新证书

再次添加：

[root@server1 reg.westos.org]# helm repo add mychart https://reg.westos.org/chartrepo/charts
    "mychart" has been added to your repositories

添加成功，查看仓库：

[root@server1 reg.westos.org]# helm repo list
    NAME   	URL                                      
    stable 	http://mirror.azure.cn/kubernetes/charts/
    mychart	https://reg.westos.org/chartrepo/charts

# 三、安装push插件 #

将chart push到helm仓库需要push插件，这个插件有两种安装方式：

在线安装：

helm plugin install https://github.com/chartmuseum/helm-push	//在线安装，注意需要先安装git

在线安装比较慢，也可以使用离线安装的方式：

[root@server1 ~]# helm env		//获取插件目录
    HELM_BIN="helm"
    HELM_DEBUG="false"
    HELM_KUBEAPISERVER=""
    HELM_KUBECONTEXT=""
    HELM_KUBETOKEN=""
    HELM_NAMESPACE="default"
    HELM_PLUGINS="/root/.local/share/helm/plugins"		#插件目录
    HELM_REGISTRY_CONFIG="/root/.config/helm/registry.json"
    HELM_REPOSITORY_CACHE="/root/.cache/helm/repository"
    HELM_REPOSITORY_CONFIG="/root/.config/helm/repositories.yaml"
     
    [root@server1 ~]# mkdir -p /root/.local/share/helm/plugins/helm-push				#创建插件目录
    [root@server1 ~]# cd /root/.local/share/helm/plugins
    [root@server1 plugins]# ls
    helm-push

加压插件的安装包到插件目录：

[root@server1 ~]# tar zxf helm-push_0.8.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz -C /root/.local/share/helm/plugins/helm-push
    [root@server1 ~]# cd /root/.local/share/helm/plugins/helm-push
    [root@server1 helm-push]# ls
    bin  LICENSE  plugin.yaml
    [root@server1 helm-push]# helm push --help		#测试插件是否安装成功

现在可以进行push：

[root@server1 helm-push]# cd /root/helm/
    [root@server1 helm]# helm push mychart-0.1.0.tgz mychart -u admin -p Harbor12345
    Pushing mychart-0.1.0.tgz to mychart...
    Done.

push成功，其中的用户名和密码为harbor仓库的用户和密码。

现在在harbor仓库可以看到上传的chart：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1ODg3NTQ2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1ODg3NTQ2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]在本地还需要更新才可以查找到：

[root@server1 helm]# helm repo update 
    Hang tight while we grab the latest from your chart repositories...
    ...Successfully got an update from the "mychart" chart repository
    ...Successfully got an update from the "stable" chart repository
    Update Complete. ⎈ Happy Helming!⎈ 
    [root@server1 helm]# 
    [root@server1 helm]# helm search repo mychart
    NAME           	CHART VERSION	APP VERSION	DESCRIPTION                
    mychart/mychart	0.1.0        	1.16.0     	A Helm chart for Kubernetes

# 四、部署应用 #

## 部署mychart应用到k8s集群 ##

查看部署参数：

[root@server1 helm]# helm  show values  mychart/mychart
    affinity: { }
    autoscaling:
      enabled: false
      maxReplicas: 100
      minReplicas: 1
      targetCPUUtilizationPercentage: 80
    fullnameOverride: ""
    image:
      pullPolicy: IfNotPresent
      repository: myapp
      tag: v1
    imagePullSecrets: []
    ingress:
      annotations: { }
      enabled: false
      hosts:
      - host: chart-example.local
        paths: []
      tls: []
    nameOverride: ""
    nodeSelector: { }
    podAnnotations: { }
    podSecurityContext: { }
    replicaCount: 1
    resources: { }
    securityContext: { }
    service:
      port: 80
      type: ClusterIP
    serviceAccount:
      annotations: { }
      create: true
      name: ""
    tolerations: []

部署：

[root@server1 helm]# helm install test mychart/mychart

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1ODg3NTQ2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
其中test为名称，`mychart/mychart` 为仓库名称，也可以加`--dry-run`表示做调试，`--debug`表示输出部署过程。

部署完成后查看：

[root@server1 helm]# helm list 
    NAME	NAMESPACE	REVISION	UPDATED                                	STATUS  	CHART        	APP VERSION
    test	default  	1       	2020-05-12 23:07:15.122064081 +0800 CST	deployed	mychart-0.1.0	1.16.0

## 更新版本 ##

更新之前查看：

[root@server1 helm]# kubectl get pod
    NAME                                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    nfs-client-provisioner-6b66ddf664-4htcz   1/1     Running   0          41m
    test-mychart-7d7557d49b-vx7zw             1/1     Running   0          2m16s
    [root@server1 helm]# kubectl get pod -o wide
    NAME                                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP             NODE      NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
    nfs-client-provisioner-6b66ddf664-4htcz   1/1     Running   0          41m     10.244.2.112   server3   <none>           <none>
    test-mychart-7d7557d49b-vx7zw             1/1     Running   0          2m20s   10.244.1.130   server2   <none>           <none>
    [root@server1 helm]# 
    [root@server1 helm]# curl 10.244.1.130
    Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>

可以看出myapp的版本是v1

更改`Chart.yaml`文件更改版本号为0.2.0：

[root@server1 helm]# vim mychart/Chart.yaml

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1ODg3NTQ2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]更改变量文件`values.yaml` 更改镜像版本为v2：

[root@server1 helm]# vim mychart/values.yaml

![在这里插入图片描述][20200513115747765.png]打包：

[root@server1 helm]# helm package mychart
    Successfully packaged chart and saved it to: /root/helm/mychart-0.2.0.tgz
    
    [root@server1 helm]# ls
    mychart  mychart-0.1.0.tgz  mychart-0.2.0.tgz  redis-ha

可以看出自动根据版本文件中的信息打包了0.2.0的压缩包，接下来进行push：

[root@server1 helm]# helm push mychart-0.2.0.tgz mychart -u admin -p Harbor12345
    Pushing mychart-0.2.0.tgz to mychart...
    Done.

查看仓库：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1ODg3NTQ2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]本地查看：

[root@server1 helm]# helm repo update 
    Hang tight while we grab the latest from your chart repositories...
    ...Successfully got an update from the "mychart" chart repository
    ...Successfully got an update from the "stable" chart repository
    Update Complete. ⎈ Happy Helming!⎈ 
    [root@server1 helm]# 
    [root@server1 helm]# helm search repo mychart
    NAME           	CHART VERSION	APP VERSION	DESCRIPTION                
    mychart/mychart	0.2.0        	1.16.0     	A Helm chart for Kubernetes

可以看出0.2.0版本已经可以查找到了。

也可以加-l选项查看每个版本：

[root@server1 helm]# helm search repo mychart -l
    NAME           	CHART VERSION	APP VERSION	DESCRIPTION                
    mychart/mychart	0.2.0        	1.16.0     	A Helm chart for Kubernetes
    mychart/mychart	0.1.0        	1.16.0     	A Helm chart for Kubernetes

进行更新：

[root@server1 helm]# helm upgrade test mychart/mychart 
    Release "test" has been upgraded. Happy Helming!
    ......

查看：

[root@server1 helm]# helm list
    NAME	NAMESPACE	REVISION	UPDATED                                	STATUS  	CHART        	APP VERSION
    test	default  	2       	2020-05-12 23:13:14.870471994 +0800 CST	deployed	mychart-0.2.0	1.16.0

可以看到chart已经更新到0.2.0.

可以使用以下命令查看部署历史以便回滚：

[root@server1 helm]# helm history test 
    REVISION	UPDATED                 	STATUS    	CHART        	APP VERSIONDESCRIPTION     
    1       	Tue May 12 23:07:15 2020	superseded	mychart-0.1.0	1.16.0     Install complete
    2       	Tue May 12 23:13:14 2020	deployed  	mychart-0.2.0	1.16.0     Upgrade complete

测试查看版本：

[root@server1 helm]# kubectl get pod -o wide
    NAME                                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP             NODE      NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
    nfs-client-provisioner-6b66ddf664-4htcz   1/1     Running   0          49m     10.244.2.112   server3   <none>           <none>
    test-mychart-c8d845c77-v4hg6              1/1     Running   0          4m26s   10.244.2.113   server3   <none>           <none>
    [root@server1 helm]# 
    [root@server1 helm]# 
    [root@server1 helm]# curl 10.244.2.113
    Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>

## 版本回滚 ##

使用rollback选项进行回滚：

[root@server1 helm]# helm rollback test 1
    Rollback was a success! Happy Helming!
    [root@server1 helm]# helm history
    Error: "helm history" requires 1 argument
    
    Usage:  helm history RELEASE_NAME [flags]
    [root@server1 helm]# helm history test
    REVISION	UPDATED                 	STATUS    	CHART        	APP VERSION	DESCRIPTION     
    1       	Tue May 12 23:07:15 2020	superseded	mychart-0.1.0	1.16.0     	Install complete
    2       	Tue May 12 23:13:14 2020	superseded	mychart-0.2.0	1.16.0     	Upgrade complete
    3       	Tue May 12 23:33:48 2020	deployed  	mychart-0.1.0	1.16.0     	Rollback to 1

查看测试页面：

[root@server1 helm]# kubectl get pod -o wide
    NAME                                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP             NODE      NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
    nfs-client-provisioner-6b66ddf664-4htcz   1/1     Running   0          66m   10.244.2.112   server3   <none>           <none>
    test-mychart-7d7557d49b-9v2s6             1/1     Running   0          42s   10.244.1.131   server2   <none>           <none>
    [root@server1 helm]# curl 10.244.1.131
    Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>

可以看到pod的版本已经回滚到v1.

## 卸载应用 ##

[root@server1 helm]# helm uninstall test 
    release "test" uninstalled

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1ODg3NTQ2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20230312/1360c07231ea44ca876401e8a1626ebf.png
[20200513100453366.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200513100453366.png
[https_blog.csdn.net_qq_35887546_article_details_105411743]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35887546/article/details/105411743
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1ODg3NTQ2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200513101749342.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1ODg3NTQ2,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1ODg3NTQ2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200513114909330.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1ODg3NTQ2,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1ODg3NTQ2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200513115310615.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1ODg3NTQ2,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1ODg3NTQ2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200513115814596.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1ODg3NTQ2,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20200513115747765.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200513115747765.png
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