使用 Prometheus 和 Grafana 监控 Consul

柔情只为你懂 2023-03-14 05:58 59阅读 0赞

# 使用 Prometheus 和 Grafana 监控 Consul #

使用 Prometheus 和 Grafana 监控 Consul ，便于了解 Consul当前的状态，使用 Docker分别启动多个容器

## 启动 Consul ##

*  创建配置文件

mkdir -p ~/docker/consul/config/config
    vi ~/docker/consul/config/config.json

添加以下内容，目的是为了启用 Consul 的 Prometheus，否则会在调用相关端口时提示 `415 Unsupport Media Type` 和 `Prometheus is not enabled since its retention time is not positive`

{ 
        "telemetry": { 
            "prometheus_retention_time": "480h",
            "disable_hostname": true
        }
    }

*  启动容器

docker run \
           -d \
           --name consul \
           -v ~/docker/consul/config:/consul/config \
           -p 8500:8500 \
           consul

*  检查是否正常

如果正常的话会返回相应的 Prometheus 数据

curl http://127.0.0.1:8500/v1/agent/metrics\?format\=prometheus

## 启动 Prometheus ##

*  创建配置文件

mkdir -p ~/docker/prometheus/config
    vi ~/docker/prometheus/config/prometheus.yml

添加以下内容:

global:
      scrape_interval: 15s
      scrape_timeout: 10s
      evaluation_interval: 15s
    alerting:
      alertmanagers:
      - static_configs:
        - targets: []
        scheme: http
        timeout: 10s
        api_version: v1
    scrape_configs:
    - job_name: prometheus
      honor_timestamps: true
      scrape_interval: 15s
      scrape_timeout: 10s
      metrics_path: /metrics
      scheme: http
      static_configs:
      - targets:
        - localhost:9090
    - job_name: consul
      honor_timestamps: true
      scrape_interval: 15s
      scrape_timeout: 10s
      metrics_path: '/v1/agent/metrics'
      scheme: http
      static_configs:
      - targets:
        - host.docker.internal:8500

其中`targets`的值为 `host.docker.internal:8500`，目的是为了从容器中通过宿主机访问另一个容器

docker run \
    	-d \
    	--name prometheus \
        -p 9090:9090 \
        -v ~/docker/prometheus/config/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
        prom/prometheus

待启动后访问 [http://localhost:9090/graph][http_localhost_9090_graph]，可以看到 Prometheus的页面，选择 Status => Targets，可以看到 Consul 和 Prometheus 的状态都是UP

![consul-prometheus-targets.png][]

## 启动 Grafana ##

*  启动容器

docker run \
         -d \
         --name=grafana \
         -p 3000:3000 \
         grafana/grafana

*  访问Grafana

访问 [http://localhost:3000/][http_localhost_3000]，用户名和密码都是 `admin`，输入后重新设置密码

*  创建数据源

Dashboard 点击 `Create a datasource`，选择 Prometheus，URL 输入 `http://host.docker.internal:9090`，点击 `Save & Test`，看到访问成功

![consul-grafana-datasource.png][]

*  添加监控看板

点击左侧`+`按钮，选择 `import`，输入Dashboard ID为 `10642`，选择Prometheus为刚才添加的数据源，点击Import后即可看到监控面板

![consul-grafana-dashboard.png][]

![consul-grafana-dashboard-data.png][]

--------------------

## 遇到的问题 ##

### 415 Unsupported Media Type ###

Consul 启动之后Prometheus的Target提示 `415 Unsupported Media Type`

*  415 Unsupported Media Type
 *  Prometheus is not enabled since its retention time is not positive\* Closing connection 0

![consul-prometheus-target-error.png][]

通过CURL访问数据接口，发现提示同样的问题：

curl -v localhost:8500/v1/agent/metrics\?format=prometheus
    *   Trying ::1...
    * TCP_NODELAY set
    * Connected to localhost (::1) port 8500 (#0)
    > GET /v1/agent/metrics?format=prometheus HTTP/1.1
    > Host: localhost:8500
    > User-Agent: curl/7.64.1
    > Accept: */*
    >
    < HTTP/1.1 415 Unsupported Media Type
    < Vary: Accept-Encoding
    < Date: Thu, 07 May 2020 00:09:23 GMT
    < Content-Length: 66
    < Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
    <
    * Connection #0 to host localhost left intact
    Prometheus is not enabled since its retention time is not positive* Closing connection 0

解决方法是修改Consul的配置，将自定义的配置挂载到容器 `/consul/config`目录下

config.json

{ 
        "telemetry": { 
            "prometheus_retention_time": "480h",
            "disable_hostname": true
        }
    }

### “INVALID” is not a valid start token ###

这个问题是因为数据格式不正确导致的，通过指定拉取的数据格式即可解决，在 Prometheus 的配置文件添加中`param` 参数，这样会在请求时将参数附加在链接中

- job_name: consul
      honor_timestamps: true
      scrape_interval: 15s
      scrape_timeout: 10s
      metrics_path: '/v1/agent/metrics'
      scheme: http
      param: 
        format: ["prometheus"]
      static_configs:
      - targets:
        - host.docker.internal:8500

[http_localhost_9090_graph]: http://localhost:9090/graph
[consul-prometheus-targets.png]: /images/20230312/5d28063213b64dd2a39e82c5c7b58ad4.png
[http_localhost_3000]: http://localhost:3000/
[consul-grafana-datasource.png]: /images/20230312/db32969b67a847c6b0392bf0e0c958e8.png
[consul-grafana-dashboard.png]: /images/20230312/32ffc6e755234ed88b173128b11fe580.png
[consul-grafana-dashboard-data.png]: /images/20230312/93093f21e1bc41bf97982a6aa5aac52f.png
[consul-prometheus-target-error.png]: /images/20230312/b334746d84aa48b3921c5dffa22b99a4.png