kickstart及pxe自动化部署安装操作系统

怼烎@ 2023-05-30 06:06 163阅读 0赞

# 自动化运维之kickstart自动化部署安装操作系统 #

## 1.什么是自动安装脚本？ ##

> 自动安装脚本就是在一个脚本当中写入服务器安装系统的一些数据和命令  
> 当调用这个脚本的时候就会自动给服务器装系统

## 2.为什么要使用自动安装脚本？ ##

> 如果企业中同时有多台服务器需要安装系统  
> 一个一个手动安装比较麻烦  
> 采用自动安装脚本让服务器自动安装系统  
> 自动安装脚本：让系统安装的过程中也变为自动  
> 自动安装一切，不需要手动操作软件

## 3.怎样生成自动安装脚本？（利用kickstart工具) ##

> kickstart是一种无人值守的安装方式，他的工作原理就是在安装的过程中记录人工干预填写的各种参数，并会生成一个名为ks.cfg的文件  
> 如果在自动化安装的过程中出现需要填写参数的情况，安装程序就会去找ks.cfg程序  
> 如果找到合适的参数，就采用所找到的参数，若找不到则需要人工进行填写  
> 所以如果ks.cfg文件中涵盖了所有需要填写的参数，那么安装者完全可以只需告诉安装程序从何处下载ks.cfg文件，  
> 然后就可以等待安装完毕，然后会根据ks.cfg文件设置重启/安装系统，最后结束安装

## 4.利用kickstrat工具做一个简单的自动安装脚本来自动装一个新系统 ##

步骤一：安装httpd 共享服务软件，dhcp自动分配id 软件， system-config-kickstar 自动安装脚本的工具这三个软件  
1> yum install httpd system-config-kickstart -y  
![在这里插入图片描述][20191107122906277.png]  
@1 开启httpd 服务并查看状态  
![在这里插入图片描述][2019110713050188.png]  
设置开机自启动：systemctl enable httpd  
![在这里插入图片描述][20191107130614898.png]  
2>关闭火墙  
![在这里插入图片描述][20191107130754924.png]测试：在浏览器输入本机ip，看能不能访问  
若能证明httpd 服务搭建成功  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
测试 system-config-kickstar 安装  
在命令行输入： system-config-kickstar  
出现如下界面，则安装成功  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

3> 安装并搭建dhcp 服务器  
![在这里插入图片描述][20191107123119490.png]  
4>配置dhcp服务  
@1 cd /etc/dhcp/  
![在这里插入图片描述][20191107123950186.png]  
@2 查看dhcpd.conf文件 ，将/usr/share/doc/dhcp\*/dhcpd.conf.example 文件 同名替换 到/etc/dhcp/ 路径下  
![在这里插入图片描述][20191107124037426.png]  
@3 编辑dhcpd.conf文件  
1.更改第7，8行  
![在这里插入图片描述][2019110712473339.png]2.删除27，28行  
![在这里插入图片描述][2019110712481645.png]  
3.删除34行以后的内容  
4.编辑30到33行内容如下：  
![在这里插入图片描述][20191107125719536.png]  
5.重启dhcp并查看dhcp服务  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2] 到此dhcp服务搭建成功， system-config-kickstar，httpd 软件安装成功

5> system-config-kickstart 开启这个工具，会出来一个图形界面（自动安装脚本的图形配置界面）

> 填好每一个图形里面的信息  
> 最后一步可以填写系统安装好之后自己要做的事情  
> 将该东西保存到/var/www/html/下面即可  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
> !\[在这里插入图dow\_10,text\_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3,size\_16,color\_FFFFFF,t\_70)![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]v保存  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]6>：将ks.cfg文件放在/var/www/html下面才能共享给安装系统的那台主机，因为ks.cfg文件里面放的是指导系统安装的参数信息,

测试：在浏览器中输入172.25.254.64/kscfg，可以看到如下信息  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15]

vim ks.cfg
    ksvalidator ks.cfg    #检查是否有语法错误

==编辑ks.cfg 文件 ==  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16]  
检查语法错误：ksvalidator  
![在这里插入图片描述][20191107153157768.png]  
7> 命令行输入：virt-manger  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17]  
…请看虚拟机安装的博客：https://mp.csdn.net/mdeditor/102721814\#

到这个界面按tab健，添加红框中的内容，按enter，则可实现自动安装  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18]安装过程显示：![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19]

## 5.部署pxe环境所需在资源及测试pxe ##

(1)安装syslinux ,tftp-server 软件  
![在这里插入图片描述][20191107161511190.png]  
(2) 开启tftp服务：systemctl start tftp-server  
![在这里插入图片描述][20191107161657978.png]（3）创建路径并拷贝相关文件

/var/www/html/rhel7.3/     #为挂载路经

mkdir   /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
    cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0  /var/lib/tftpboot/
    cp /var/www/html/rhel7.3/isolinux/* /var/lib/tftpboot/
    cp /var/www/html/rhel7.3/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

（4）参考4里面system-config-kickstart 开启这个工具设置

在Installed Method 安装方法里面选则为HTTP 安装  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20]其它选项一样

（5）在第4项目的基础上编辑dhcp配置文件

vim /etc/dhcpd.dhcpd.conf
    添加：next-server  共享主机ip
                filename  “pxelinux.0”

![在这里插入图片描述][20191107163336628.png]

（6）编辑/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.xfg/default 文件

2 timeout 20
    11 menu title WESTOS AUTO INSTALL SYSTEM
    61  label linux
    62   menu label ^Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.3
    63   kernel vmlinuz
    64   meau default
    65   append initrd=initrd.img repo=http://172.25.254.64/rhel7.3/ks/ks.cfg

==测试：==选择一台无用的虚拟机  
virt-manager，选择BOOT options 更改为NIC启动  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2NDE3Njc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 22]  
开始安装！

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