【Spring Cloud 基础设施搭建系列】Spring Cloud Demo项目 Spring Boot Test单元测试环境搭建

忘是亡心i 2023-05-30 09:29 9阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*   *  Spring Boot Test单元测试环境搭建
     *   *  Service层的单元测试
         *  Controller层的单元测试
         *  Repository层的测试
         *  测试环境配置bootstrap-test.yml文件
     *  参考
     *  源代码

## Spring Boot Test单元测试环境搭建 ##

1.  首先我用到了PowerMock和Mockito。所以先加入PowerMock和Mockito的依赖。PowerMock和Mockito的版本使用好像有很多坑，反正我试了很多个版本，下面的配置对我来说是起作用并且没有报错的。

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
            <artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
            <artifactId>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
            <artifactId>powermock-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
            <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.47</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>

### Service层的单元测试 ###

Service层的单元测试比较简单，因为一般涉及到的都是我们的主要业务逻辑代码。

首先我们先抽取一个单元测试的基类UnitTestBase。

package com.cc.cloud.unit.test.common;
    
    import com.github.javafaker.Faker;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.FixMethodOrder;
    import org.junit.Ignore;
    import org.junit.runners.MethodSorters;
    
    @FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
    @Ignore
    public abstract class UnitTestBase { 
        private Faker faker;
    
        public Faker getFaker() { 
            return this.faker;
        }
    
        @Before
        public void initUnitTestBase() { 
            this.faker = new Faker();
        }
    }

基于这个UnitTestBase类，我们再创建一个Service层单元测试的基类。

package com.cc.cloud.unit.test.common;
    
    import org.junit.Ignore;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
    
    @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
    @Ignore
    public abstract class ServiceUnitTestBase extends UnitTestBase{ 
    }

下面开始编写Service的单元测试

package com.cc.cloud.member.service.impl;
    
    import com.cc.cloud.member.domain.Member;
    import com.cc.cloud.member.repository.MemberRepository;
    import com.cc.cloud.unit.test.common.ServiceUnitTestBase;
    import org.junit.Assert;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
    import org.mockito.Mock;
    import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
    
    @PrepareForTest(MemberServiceImpl.class)
    public class MemberServiceImplUnitTest extends ServiceUnitTestBase { 
        @InjectMocks
        private MemberServiceImpl memberService;
        @Mock
        private MemberRepository memberRepository;
    
        @Test
        public void should_return_member_list_when_call_findAllMembers(){ 
            //Given
            String memberName = getFaker().name().fullName();
            List<Member> members = getMembers(memberName);
            when(memberRepository.findAll()).thenReturn(members);
            //When
            List<Member> allMembers = memberService.findAllMembers();
            //Then
            Assert.assertEquals(1,allMembers.size());
            Assert.assertEquals(memberName,allMembers.get(0).getMemberName());
        }
    
        private List<Member> getMembers(String memberName) { 
            List<Member> members = new ArrayList<>();
            Member member = getMember(memberName);
            members.add(member);
            return members;
        }
    
        private Member getMember(String memberName) { 
            Member member = new Member();
            member.setMemberName(memberName);
            return member;
        }
    }

### Controller层的单元测试 ###

这里跟Service层的单元测试就不一样了，我们需要用到@WebMvcTest的注解。

> @WebMvcTest注解主要用于controller层测试，只覆盖应用程序的controller层，HTTP请求和响应是Mock出来的，因此不会创建真正的连接。因此需要创建 MockMvc bean进行模拟接口调用。  
> 如果Controller层对Service层中的其他bean有依赖关系，那么需要使用Mock提供所需的依赖项。  
> WebMvcTest要快得多，因为我们只加载了应用程序的一小部分。

同样的，我们先抽取Controller层单元测试的基类

package com.cc.cloud.unit.test.common;
    
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.annotations.Ignore;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTest;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
    import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
    
    @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
    @ActiveProfiles("test")
    @WebAppConfiguration
    @WebMvcTest
    @Ignore
    public abstract class ControllerUnitTestBase extends UnitTestBase { 
    
        @Autowired
        private MockMvc mockMvc;
        private ObjectMapper jsonMapper;
    
        @Before
        public void initControllerUnitTest() { 
            this.jsonMapper = new ObjectMapper().setSerializationInclusion(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL);
        }
    
        public MockMvc getMockMvc() { 
            return this.mockMvc;
        }
    
        public ObjectMapper getJsonMapper() { 
            return this.jsonMapper;
        }
    }

但是在运行单元测试的时候报错如下：

.   ____          _            __ _ _
     /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
     \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
      ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.1.1.RELEASE) 2019-11-09 14:55:34.429 INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 4172 --- [ main] c.c.c.m.c.MemberControllerUnitTest : The following profiles are active: test 2019-11-09 14:55:35.271 INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 4172 --- [ main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'com.cc.cloud.member.feign.OrderFeign' of type [org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClientFactoryBean] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying) 2019-11-09 14:55:35.348 INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 4172 --- [ main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration' of type [org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$8fdb9b79] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying) 2019-11-09 14:55:35.531 WARN [cloud-service-member,,,] 4172 --- [ main] o.s.w.c.s.GenericWebApplicationContext : Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'jpaAuditingHandler': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'jpaMappingContext' while setting constructor argument; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'jpaMappingContext': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: At least one JPA metamodel must be present! 2019-11-09 14:55:35.533 INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 4172 --- [ main] ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener : Error starting ApplicationContext. To display the conditions report re-run your application with 'debug' enabled. 2019-11-09 14:55:35.540 ERROR [cloud-service-member,,,] 4172 --- [ main] o.s.boot.SpringApplication : Application run failed org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'jpaAuditingHandler': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'jpaMappingContext' while setting constructor argument; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'jpaMappingContext': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: At least one JPA metamodel must be present! at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:378) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:110) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.resolveConstructorArguments(ConstructorResolver.java:662) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.autowireConstructor(ConstructorResolver.java:188) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireConstructor(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1308) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1154) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:538) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:498) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:320) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:318) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:846) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:863) ~[spring-context-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:546) ~[spring-context-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:775) ~[spring-boot-2.1.1.RELEASE.jar:2.1.1.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:397) ~[spring-boot-2.1.1.RELEASE.jar:2.1.1.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:316) ~[spring-boot-2.1.1.RELEASE.jar:2.1.1.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:127) [spring-boot-test-2.1.1.RELEASE.jar:2.1.1.RELEASE] at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99) [spring-test-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:117) [spring-test-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:108) [spring-test-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:190) [spring-test-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:132) [spring-test-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:246) [spring-test-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227) [spring-test-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289) [spring-test-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12] at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291) [spring-test-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246) [spring-test-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97) [spring-test-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12] at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12] at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12] at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12] at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12] at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) [spring-test-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70) [spring-test-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12] at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190) [spring-test-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE] at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12] at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68) [junit-rt.jar:na] at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47) [junit-rt.jar:na] at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242) [junit-rt.jar:na] at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70) [junit-rt.jar:na] Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'jpaMappingContext': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: At least one JPA metamodel must be present!
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1745) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE]
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:576) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE]
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:498) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE]
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:320) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE]
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE]
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:318) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE]
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE]
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:367) ~[spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE]
    	... 44 common frames omitted
    Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: At least one JPA metamodel must be present!

解决方法就是：

把我们@EnableJpaAuditing的注解从启动类中移动到配置类中。

package com.cc.cloud.member;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
    import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
    
    @SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = "com.cc.cloud")
    @EnableEurekaClient
    @EnableFeignClients
    @EnableCircuitBreaker
    @EnableTransactionManagement // 开启注解事务管理
    public class MemberApp { 
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(MemberApp.class, args);
        }
    }

package com.cc.cloud.configuration;
    
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.data.domain.AuditorAware;
    import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaAuditing;
    
    @EnableJpaAuditing
    @Configuration
    public class AuditorConfig { 
        @Bean
        public AuditorAware<String> auditorProvider() { 
            return new AuditorProvider();
        }
    }

参考：[Spring @WebMvcTest with @EnableJpa\* annotation][Spring _WebMvcTest with _EnableJpa_ annotation]

但是启动测试之后又报了另一个错误。

2019-11-09 15:05:40.854  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 12648 --- [           main] c.c.c.m.c.MemberControllerUnitTest       : The following profiles are active: test
    2019-11-09 15:05:41.588  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 12648 --- [           main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'com.cc.cloud.member.feign.OrderFeign' of type [org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClientFactoryBean] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)
    2019-11-09 15:05:41.672  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 12648 --- [           main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration' of type [org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$39368a96] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)
    2019-11-09 15:05:42.903  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 12648 --- [           main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
    2019-11-09 15:05:43.793  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 12648 --- [           main] o.s.b.t.m.w.SpringBootMockServletContext : Initializing Spring TestDispatcherServlet ''
    2019-11-09 15:05:43.794  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 12648 --- [           main] o.s.t.web.servlet.TestDispatcherServlet  : Initializing Servlet ''
    2019-11-09 15:05:43.843  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 12648 --- [           main] o.s.t.web.servlet.TestDispatcherServlet  : Completed initialization in 48 ms
    2019-11-09 15:05:44.256  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 12648 --- [           main] c.c.c.m.c.MemberControllerUnitTest       : Started MemberControllerUnitTest in 13.633 seconds (JVM running for 16.397)
    
    org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException: Request processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: No Scope registered for scope name 'refresh'
    
    	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1013)
    	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:897)
    	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:634)
    	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:882)
    	at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.TestDispatcherServlet.service(TestDispatcherServlet.java:71)
    	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:741)
    	at org.springframework.mock.web.MockFilterChain$ServletFilterProxy.doFilter(MockFilterChain.java:166)
    	at org.springframework.mock.web.MockFilterChain.doFilter(MockFilterChain.java:133)
    	at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99)
    	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    	at org.springframework.mock.web.MockFilterChain.doFilter(MockFilterChain.java:133)
    	at org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:92)
    	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    	at org.springframework.mock.web.MockFilterChain.doFilter(MockFilterChain.java:133)
    	at org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:93)
    	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    	at org.springframework.mock.web.MockFilterChain.doFilter(MockFilterChain.java:133)
    	at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc.perform(MockMvc.java:182)
    	at com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerUnitTest.testFindAllMembers(MemberControllerUnitTest.java:16)
    	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
    	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
    	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestExecutionCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestExecutionCallbacks.java:74)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestExecutionCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestExecutionCallbacks.java:84)
    	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:75)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:251)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
    	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
    	at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
    	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
    	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
    	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
    Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: No Scope registered for scope name 'refresh'
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:350)
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199)
    	at org.springframework.aop.target.SimpleBeanTargetSource.getTarget(SimpleBeanTargetSource.java:35)
    	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:672)
    	at com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberController$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$bfb0c901.findAllMembers(<generated>)
    	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:189)
    	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:138)
    	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:102)
    	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:895)
    	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:800)
    	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:87)
    	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1038)
    	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:942)
    	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1005)
    	... 49 more

解决方法是ControllerUnitTestBase类中加入`@ImportAutoConfiguration(RefreshAutoConfiguration.class)`

当然也不要忘记在cloud-test-common module中加入对应的依赖。

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-context</artifactId>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

解释如下：

> Spring Cloud uses RefreshAutoConfiguration to add the refresh scope to your application. By default, this auto-configuration isn’t included in the auto-configuration that’s enabled by @WebMvcTest. You can enable extra auto-configuration by adding @ImportAutoConfiguration(RefreshAutoConfiguration.class) to your tests.

参考：[@RunWith and @WebMvcTest: No Scope registered for scope name ‘refresh’ during Controller tests][RunWith and _WebMvcTest_ No Scope registered for scope name _refresh_ during Controller tests]

所以最后的ControllerUnitTestBase代码如下：

package com.cc.cloud.unit.test.common;
    
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.annotations.Ignore;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ImportAutoConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTest;
    import org.springframework.cloud.autoconfigure.RefreshAutoConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
    import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
    
    @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
    @ActiveProfiles("test")
    @ImportAutoConfiguration(RefreshAutoConfiguration.class)
    @WebAppConfiguration
    @WebMvcTest
    @Ignore
    public abstract class ControllerUnitTestBase extends UnitTestBase { 
    
        @Autowired
        private MockMvc mockMvc;
        private ObjectMapper jsonMapper;
    
        @Before
        public void initControllerUnitTest() { 
            this.jsonMapper = new ObjectMapper().setSerializationInclusion(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL);
        }
    
        public MockMvc getMockMvc() { 
            return this.mockMvc;
        }
    
        public ObjectMapper getJsonMapper() { 
            return this.jsonMapper;
        }
    }

下面是Controller层单元测试的代码：

package com.cc.cloud.member.controller;
    
    import com.cc.cloud.member.domain.Member;
    import com.cc.cloud.member.feign.OrderFeign;
    import com.cc.cloud.member.service.MemberService;
    import com.cc.cloud.unit.test.common.ControllerUnitTestBase;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
    import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;
    
    public class MemberControllerUnitTest extends ControllerUnitTestBase { 
        @MockBean
        private MemberService memberService;
        @MockBean
        private OrderFeign orderFeign;
        @Test
        public void should_return_success_response_when_request_url_member() throws Exception { 
            //Given
            String memberName = getFaker().name().fullName();
            List<Member> members = getMembers(memberName);
            when(memberService.findAllMembers()).thenReturn(members);
            //When
            //Then
            this.getMockMvc()
                    .perform(
                            get("/member")
                                    .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)).andExpect(status().isOk())
                    .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
                    .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
                    .andExpect(jsonPath("$.code").value(1))
                    .andExpect(jsonPath("$.message").value("成功"))
                    .andExpect(jsonPath("$.result[0].memberName").value(memberName));
        }
    
    
        private List<Member> getMembers(String memberName) { 
            List<Member> members = new ArrayList<>();
            Member member = getMember(memberName);
            members.add(member);
            return members;
        }
    
        private Member getMember(String memberName) { 
            Member member = new Member();
            member.setMemberName(memberName);
            return member;
        }
    }

### Repository层的测试 ###

这里跟Controller层和Service层也是不一样的，我们需要用到@DataJpaTest的注解。

为了测试Spring Data JPA，或者任何其他与JPA相关的组件，Spring Boot提供了@DataJpaTest注释。

首先我们还是抽取Repository层的单元测试基类RepositoryUnitTestBase。

package com.cc.cloud.unit.test.common;
    
    import org.junit.Ignore;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
    import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
    
    @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
    @ActiveProfiles({ "test"})
    @DataJpaTest
    @Transactional
    @Ignore
    public abstract class RepositoryUnitTestBase extends UnitTestBase{ 
    }

然后就是我们Repository层的单元测试代码

package com.cc.cloud.member.repository;
    
    import com.cc.cloud.member.domain.Member;
    import com.cc.cloud.unit.test.common.RepositoryUnitTestBase;
    import org.junit.Assert;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class MemberRepositoryTest extends RepositoryUnitTestBase { 
    
        @Autowired
        private MemberRepository memberRepository;
    
        @Test
        public void should_return_member_list_when_call_findAll(){ 
            //When
            List<Member> memberList = memberRepository.findAll();
            //Then
            Assert.assertEquals(1,memberList.size());
        }
    }

### 测试环境配置bootstrap-test.yml文件 ###

最后给出我的测试环境配置。与之前的集成测试的配置是一样的。

spring:
      datasource:
        druid:
          # jdbc:h2:mem:指定databaseName; 内存模式
          # DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1 关闭连接后数据库将被清空，适合测试环境
          # MODE=MYSQL 兼容模式为MYSQL
          # DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE VM存在时不关闭数据库
          url: jdbc:h2:mem:member_service_db;MODE=MYSQL;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE
          username: sa
          password: sa
          driver-class-name: org.h2.Driver
        platform: h2
        # schema: classpath:schema.sql //程序运行时，使用schema.sql来创建数据库中的表
        data: classpath:/db/init-data.sql # 程序运行时，使用data.sql来创建初始数据
    
      jpa:
        database-platform: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
        database: h2
        show-sql: true
        hibernate:
          ddl-auto: create-drop # 每次加载hibernate时根据model类生成表，但是sessionFactory一关闭,表就自动删除。
        properties:
          hibernate:
            show_sql: true # 操作数据库时显示sql语句
            use_sql_comments: true # SQL 语句中输出便于调试的注释信息
            format_sql: true
            dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
            jdbc:
              time_zone: UTC
      h2: # 开启h2的控制台
        console:
          enabled: true
          path: /console
          settings:
            trace: false
            web-allow-others: true
      cloud:
        bus:
          enabled: false # 关闭Spring Cloud Bus,停止连接RabbitMQ
        config:
          enabled: false # disable config
          discovery:
            enabled: false # disable config
        discovery: # disable eureka
          enabled: false
    eureka:
      client:
        enabled: false # disable eureka

## 参考 ##

[@RunWith and @WebMvcTest: No Scope registered for scope name ‘refresh’ during Controller tests][RunWith and _WebMvcTest_ No Scope registered for scope name _refresh_ during Controller tests]

[SpringBoot @WebMvcTest, autowiring RestTemplateBuilder][SpringBoot _WebMvcTest_ autowiring RestTemplateBuilder]

[springboot @WebMvcTest测试controller报No qualifying bean of type 错误][springboot _WebMvcTest_controller_No qualifying bean of type]

[WebMvcTest与SpringBootTest][WebMvcTest_SpringBootTest]

[使用MockMvc与SpringBootTest和使用WebMvcTest之间的区别][MockMvc_SpringBootTest_WebMvcTest]

[第三十五章：SpringBoot与单元测试的小秘密][SpringBoot]

[Spring @WebMvcTest with @EnableJpa\* annotation][Spring _WebMvcTest with _EnableJpa_ annotation]

[spring Boot integration test with WebMvcTest][]

[PowerMock踩坑指南][PowerMock]

[学习 Spring Boot：（二十九）Spring Boot Junit 单元测试][Spring Boot_Spring Boot Junit]

[Junit - 忽略测试（Ignore Test）][Junit - _Ignore Test]

[PowerMock单元测试踩坑与总结][PowerMock 1]

[Android最佳Mock单元测试方案:Junit + Mockito + Powermock][Android_Mock_Junit _ Mockito _ Powermock]

[@MockBean 危害][MockBean]

[Unit Testing with Spring Boot][]

[Testing Spring MVC Web Controllers with @WebMvcTest][Testing Spring MVC Web Controllers with _WebMvcTest]

[Testing JPA Queries with @DataJpaTest][Testing JPA Queries with _DataJpaTest]

[Mockito和PowerMock用法][Mockito_PowerMock]

[Spring 使用Junit的MockMvc 写测试用例][Spring _Junit_MockMvc]

[使用 @MockBean 和 @SpyBean 解决 SpringBoot 单元测试中 Mock 类装配的问题][_MockBean _ _SpyBean _ SpringBoot _ Mock]

[MockMVC - 基于RESTful风格的SpringMVC的测试][MockMVC - _RESTful_SpringMVC]

## 源代码 ##

[https://gitee.com/cckevincyh/spring-cloud-demo/tree/unit-test/][https_gitee.com_cckevincyh_spring-cloud-demo_tree_unit-test]

[Spring _WebMvcTest with _EnableJpa_ annotation]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51467132/spring-webmvctest-with-enablejpa-annotation
[RunWith and _WebMvcTest_ No Scope registered for scope name _refresh_ during Controller tests]: https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/issues/6737
[SpringBoot _WebMvcTest_ autowiring RestTemplateBuilder]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41673383/springboot-webmvctest-autowiring-resttemplatebuilder?rq=1
[springboot _WebMvcTest_controller_No qualifying bean of type]: https://segmentfault.com/q/1010000006833040
[WebMvcTest_SpringBootTest]: https://juejin.im/post/5ccbd7c7f265da038b2028e5
[MockMvc_SpringBootTest_WebMvcTest]: https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/ask/217958
[SpringBoot]: https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000011420910
[spring Boot integration test with WebMvcTest]: https://www.jianshu.com/p/a9cb76c54c66
[PowerMock]: https://www.jianshu.com/p/44fcadaf041d
[Spring Boot_Spring Boot Junit]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35915384/article/details/80227297
[Junit - _Ignore Test]: https://blog.csdn.net/Dream_Weave/article/details/83860275
[PowerMock 1]: http://www.51testing.com/html/98/n-4456598.html
[Android_Mock_Junit _ Mockito _ Powermock]: https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/58770
[MockBean]: https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000014122154
[Unit Testing with Spring Boot]: https://reflectoring.io/unit-testing-spring-boot/
[Testing Spring MVC Web Controllers with _WebMvcTest]: https://reflectoring.io/spring-boot-web-controller-test/
[Testing JPA Queries with _DataJpaTest]: https://reflectoring.io/spring-boot-data-jpa-test/
[Mockito_PowerMock]: https://www.jianshu.com/p/69f3d6785ad8
[Spring _Junit_MockMvc]: https://blog.csdn.net/open_curry/article/details/60143780
[_MockBean _ _SpyBean _ SpringBoot _ Mock]: https://sspai.com/post/48245
[MockMVC - _RESTful_SpringMVC]: https://www.jianshu.com/p/91045b0415f0
[https_gitee.com_cckevincyh_spring-cloud-demo_tree_unit-test]: https://gitee.com/cckevincyh/spring-cloud-demo/tree/unit-test/