docker安装及入门

我会带着你远行 2023-05-31 12:13 51阅读 0赞

1.  清理安装包：
    
        yum remove docker \
                          docker-client \
                          docker-client-latest \
                          docker-common \
                          docker-latest \
                          docker-latest-logrotate \
                          docker-logrotate \
                          docker-selinux \
                          docker-engine-selinux \
                          docker-engine
2.  安装依赖包：
    
        yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
3.  添加镜像源：
    
    使用阿里源
    
        yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
        
        yum makecache
4.  安装CE docker社区版本：
    
        yum -y install docker-ce
5.  启动服务验证
    
        systemctl start docker
        docker run hello-world   # 没有helloworld镜像，会下载该镜像并启动

启动如果失败

在系统日志message中查看日志：

Aug 10 03:02:21 docker1 dockerd: time="2019-08-10T03:02:21.577011955-04:00" level=info msg="Error while creating filesystem xfs on device docker-253:1-69296955-base: exit status 1" storage-driver=devicemapper
    Aug 10 03:02:21 docker1 dockerd: time="2019-08-10T03:02:21.577027167-04:00" level=error msg="[graphdriver] prior storage driver devicemapper failed: exit status 1"
    Aug 10 03:02:21 docker1 dockerd: failed to start daemon: error initializing graphdriver: exit status 1
    Aug 10 03:02:21 docker1 systemd: docker.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
    Aug 10 03:02:21 docker1 systemd: Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine.

需要升级xfs版本：

yum update xfsprogs

修改镜像仓库源：

新建文件： /etc/docker/daemon.json

{
      "registry-mirrors": ["http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"]
    }

检查：

docker system info

Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
     Labels:
     Experimental: false
     Insecure Registries:
      127.0.0.0/8
     Registry Mirrors:
      http://hub-mirror.c.163.com/
     Live Restore Enabled: false

search 镜像：

docker search httpd

docker ps

docker image ls

[root@docker1 docker]# docker image ls
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        7 months ago        1.84kB

docker pull 获取镜像：

[root@docker1 docker]# docker pull centos/httpd 
    Using default tag: latest
    latest: Pulling from centos/httpd
    a02a4930cb5d: Pulling fs layer 
    628eaef4a9e0: Pulling fs layer 
    20c0ca1c0cd5: Download complete 
    30cf2fb1a57e: Download complete

依据镜像启动容器：

docker container run -it xxxx /bin/bash

查看运行的容器：

docker container ls

查看所有的容器 加上-a：

docker container ls -a
    
    [root@docker1 ~]# docker container ls -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                   PORTS               NAMES
    7e601c101259        hello-world         "/hello"            2 hours ago         Exited (0) 2 hours ago                       optimistic_jang

登录容器：

docker container exec -it xxxx bash

停止容器：

docker container stop xxx

删除容器

docker container rm 7e601c101259

[root@docker1 ~]# docker container rm 7e601c101259
    7e601c101259
    [root@docker1 ~]# 
    [root@docker1 ~]# docker container ls -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

实验：

启动一个apache 应用，并能够通过宿主机的ip进行访问：

`docker container run -d --name mweb --publish 8080:80 centos/httpd`

使用镜像httpd启动一个web服务， 名称为mweb 并且将容器内的80端口映射为宿主机的8080端口， 这样就可以使用宿主机的8080端口访问应用了

[root@docker1 docker]# docker image list
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        7 months ago        1.84kB
    centos/httpd        latest              2cc07fbb5000        7 months ago        258MB
    
    
    [root@docker1 docker]# docker container run -d --name mweb --publish 8080:80 centos/httpd
    1fe7d3e5050214224a8e14084e8951b4beab972e4a935745273099b78d93c532
    [root@docker1 docker]# 
    [root@docker1 docker]# 
    [root@docker1 docker]# 
    [root@docker1 docker]# docker container ls
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
    1fe7d3e50502        centos/httpd        "/run-httpd.sh"     13 seconds ago      Up 11 seconds       0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   mweb
    [root@docker1 docker]#

打开端口验证  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NvbXByZWw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NvbXByZWw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20230531/784c5d9b80664e7a8cdefc358b9a82be.png