python 爬虫方式获取数据

不念不忘少年蓝@ 2023-06-02 09:08 2阅读 0赞

##### urllib.request模块 #####

from urllin import request
    resp = request.urlopen("http://image.baidu.com/")
    print(resp.read().decode())
    
    <!DOCTYPE html>                <head>   <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"/> <meta name="description" content="百度图片使用世界前沿的人工智能技术，为用户甄选海量的高清美图，用更流畅、更快捷、更精准的搜索体验，带你去发现多彩的世界。"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/> <meta name="baidu-site-verification" content="2ltGWMzql9"/>  <script>
        var bdimgdata = { 
            logid: '11007013867272265913',
            sid: 'dc1c38881068b98784a4a5fc83d5a92f6b2743ee',
            wh: window.screen.width + 'x' + window.screen.height,
            sampid: '-1',
            protocol: window.location.protocol.replace(':', ''),
            spat: 0 + '-' + ''
        }
    ......

获取内容要用read（）方法，因为内容是二进制要解码decode（）成字符串

##### urllib3 库 #####

推荐使用的urllib3库

import urllib3
    http = urllib3.PoolManager();
    resp_dat = http.request('GET', "http://image.baidu.com/")
    print(resp_dat.data.decode())

##### 实战例程 #####

爬取东方财富网股票信息

#访问行业板块数据
    http = urllib3.PoolManager();
    
    pages = 4
    conts = []
    for p in range(1,pages+1):
        url = "http://nufm.dfcfw.com/EM_Finance2014NumericApplication/JS.aspx?cb=jQuery1124012582582823807198_1554554782636&type=CT&token=4f1862fc3b5e77c150a2b985b12db0fd&sty=FPGBKI&js=({data:[(x)],recordsFiltered:(tot)})&cmd=C._BKHY&st=(ChangePercent)&sr=-1&p=%d"%p
        url += "&ps=20&_=1554554783027"
        try:
            resp_dat = http.request('GET', url)
            pattern = re.compile(r'BK(.*?)"')
            bk_list = re.findall(pattern,resp_dat.data.decode())
            for bk in bk_list:
                conts.append(bk)
            print(resp_dat.data.decode())
        except Exception as e:
            print(resp_dat.status)
            print(e)
    
    print(conts)
    #截取部分内容
    
    df = pd.DataFrame(np.zeros((len(conts), 7)), columns=[u'板块名称', u'BK涨跌幅', u'总市值', u'换手率', u'涨跌家数', u'领涨股票', u'SK涨跌幅'])
    
    for num, bk_dat in enumerate(conts) :
        bk_dat = bk_dat.split(',')
        df.loc[df.index[num], u'板块名称'] = bk_dat[1]
        df.loc[df.index[num], u'BK涨跌幅'] = bk_dat[2]
        df.loc[df.index[num], u'总市值'] = bk_dat[3]
        df.loc[df.index[num], u'换手率'] = bk_dat[4]
        df.loc[df.index[num], u'涨跌家数'] = bk_dat[5]
        df.loc[df.index[num], u'领涨股票'] = bk_dat[8]
        df.loc[df.index[num], u'SK涨跌幅'] = bk_dat[10]
        
    df.to_csv("table-bk.csv", columns=df.columns, index=True, encoding='gb2312')