Django REST framework框架

比眉伴天荒 2023-06-02 15:59 70阅读 0赞

# 序列化器 #

*功能：进行数据的序列化和反序列化.*

> 序列化功能：将对象转换为字典。  
> 反序列化功能：数据校验-----数据保存-新增和更新

*  安装DRF框架

pip install djangorestframework

*  添加rest\_framework应用, 将rest\_framework在INSTALLED\_APPS中进行注册

INSTALLED_APPS = [
        ...
        'rest_framework',
    ]

### 序列化器类定义 ###

from rest_framework import serializers class <序列化器类>(serializers.Serializer): # 字段 = serializers.字段类型(选项参数)

![1552472-20190801224454511-1942150605.png][]  
![1552472-20190801231021488-538840125.png][]

**举例：**

class Goods(object): def __init__(self, name, price): self.name = btitle self.price = price # 问题: # 1. 定义序列化器类GoodsSerializer，将goods对象进行序列化：{"name": "苹果", "price": 20.0} class GoodsSerializer(serializers.Serializer): name = serializers.CharField() price = serializers.DecimalField() # 2. 如果传递了req_data = {"name": "桃子", "price": 10.5}，反序列化校验能否通过？ if __name__ == "__main__": req_data = {"name": "桃子", "price": 10.5} # 创建序列化器对象 serializer = GoodsSerializer(data=req_data) # 校验：参数完整性，数据类型 serializer.is_valid() # 错误提示 serializer.errors # 校验之后的数据 serializer.validated_data if __name__ == "__main__": # 创建Goods实例对象 goods = Goods('苹果', 20.0) # 创建序列化器对象 serializer = GoodsSerializer(goods) serializer.data

### 选项参数 ###

![1552472-20190801224820866-692773739.png][]

2. 新增一本图书数据 API: POST /books/ 参数: json { "btitle": "书名", "bpub_date": "出版日期" } 响应: status=201 json { "id": "图书id", "btitle": "书名", "bpub_date": "出版日期", "bread": "阅读量", "bcomment": "评论量" } class BookInfoSerializer(serializers.Serializer): id = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True) btitle = serializers.CharField() bpub_date = serializers.DateTimeField() bread = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True) bcomment = serializers.InterField(read_only=True) req_data = {"btitle": "图书", "bpub_date": "2010-01-01"} serializer = BookInfoSerializer(data=req_data) serializer.is_valid()

![1552472-20190801225131974-205543064.png][]

2. 新增一本图书数据 API: POST /books/ 参数: json { "btitle": "书名", # 必传 "bpub_date": "出版日期", # 必传 "bread": "阅读量", # 可以不传 "bcomment": "评论量" # 可以不传 } 响应: status=201 json { "id": "图书id", "btitle": "书名", "bpub_date": "出版日期", "bread": "阅读量", "bcomment": "评论量" } class BookInfoSerializer(serializers.Serializer): id = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True) btitle = serializers.CharField() bpub_date = serializers.DateTimeField() bread = serializers.IntegerField(required=False) bcomment = serializers.InterField(required=False)

4）default：设置反序列化和序列化时使用的默认值  
![1552472-20190801225941736-308417939.png][]

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/oklizz/p/11285817.html

[1552472-20190801224454511-1942150605.png]: /images/20230601/bbf3c9255957448bbf82a6f545674c5d.png
[1552472-20190801231021488-538840125.png]: /images/20230601/a7e774cb15c54f8faa6004962f67804f.png
[1552472-20190801224820866-692773739.png]: /images/20230601/7da842537d9c472ca9461b747f15fd0b.png
[1552472-20190801225131974-205543064.png]: /images/20230601/6165eb17c7074ff2b867ecd451d13feb.png
[1552472-20190801225941736-308417939.png]: /images/20230601/fe8b035fdfe54a379e14a4d2d289b432.png