MySQL LOAD DATA 语句的一些主从一致性测试

短命女 2023-06-11 09:25 27阅读 0赞

**导读**

> 作者：沃趣-罗小波
> 
> 沃趣科技高级数据库技术专家，主要负责MySQL RDS产品的原型与架构设计。熟悉MySQL体系结构，Innodb存储引擎，喜好专研开源技术，追求完美
> 
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--------------------

本文建议横屏观看，效果更佳

**原文目录**

1、制造测试数据

2、read-uncommitted隔离级别

2.1. binlog\_format=statement

2.2. binlog\_format=mixed

2.3. binlog\_format=row

3、read-committed隔离级别

3.1. binlog\_format=statement

3.2. binlog\_format=mixed

3.3. binlog\_format=row

4、repeatable-read隔离级别

4.1. binlog\_format=statement

4.2. binlog\_format=mixed

4.3. binlog\_format=row

5、serializable隔离级别

5.1. binlog\_format=statement

5.2. binlog\_format=mixed

5.3. binlog\_format=row

6、总结

**背景**

*  机器配置
    
    \* CPU：16 vcpus
    
    \* 磁盘：100G flash卡 data&binlog混用
    
    \* 内存：64G
 *  数据库版本： **MySQL 5.7.18**
 *  数据库IP信息：主库IP 10.10.30.241，从库IP 10.10.30.250
 *  数据库参数配置：

*  主库：双一，log\_slave\_updates，log-bin，secure\_file\_priv=''，server-id=3306241,binlog\_rows\_query\_log\_events=ON,sql\_mode='ONLY\_FULL\_GROUP\_BY,STRICT\_ TRANS\_TABLES,NO\_ZERO\_IN\_DATE,NO\_ZERO\_DATE,ERROR\_FOR\_DIVISION\_BY\_ZERO,NO\_AUTO\_CREATE\_USER,NO\_ENGINE\_SUBSTITUTION'
 *  从库：双一，log\_slave\_updates，log-bin，binlog\_rows\_query\_log\_events=ON,server-id=3306250,sql\_mode='ONLY\_FULL\_GROUP\_BY,STRICT\_TRANS\_TABLES,NO\_ZERO\_IN\_DATE,NO\_ZERO\_DATE,ERROR\_FOR\_DIVISION\_BY\_ZERO,NO\_AUTO\_CREATE\_USER,NO\_ENGINE \_SUBSTITUTION'
 *  测试目的：通过示例演示并查看过程中binlog中如何记录load data语句等方式来验证 load data语句如何保证主备复制数据一致性。
    
    将分别在四种隔离级别下（会话级别修改tx\_isolation）针对binlog\_format（会话级别修改binlog\_format）的三种格式分别进行演示执行load data语句，观察MySQL server层如何处理，主库binlog中如何记录load data语句，备库的binlog中如何如何记录load data语句
    
    本文假定你已经搭建好了主备复制环境，如果未搭建请先自行搭建主备复制环境

PS：本文仅针对测试目的做验证演示，关于binlog\_format三种格式以及事务的四种隔离级别详细 说明请查阅相关资料，本文不做解读

*  binlog\_format参考资料： https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-formats.html 
 *  事务隔离级别参考资料： https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-transaction-isolation-levels.html

### **1、制造测试数据** ###

*  建库

admin@localhost : (none) 07:34:39> create database ifnot exists xiaoboluo;	
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

*  建表

admin@localhost : (none) 10:04:52> use xiaoboluo	
    Database changed	
    admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 10:04:57> create table ifnot exists test_load(id intunsignednotnull primary key auto_increment,test varchar(100));	
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

*  插入测试数据

admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 10:05:32> insert into test_load(test) values('1'),('2'),('null'),('4');	
    Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)	
    Records: 4Duplicates: 0Warnings: 0	
    admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 10:06:01> select* from test_load;	
    +----+------+	
    | id | test |	
    +----+------+	
    |  2| 1|	
    |  4| 2|	
    |  6| null|	
    |  8| 4|	
    +----+------+	
    4 rows inset(0.00 sec)

*  执行select ...into outifile语句生成load data需要的数据文本文件

admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 10:12:41> select* from test_load into outfile "/tmp/test_load.txt";	
    Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)	
    admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 10:12:42> system cat /tmp/test_load.txt;	
    21	
    42	
    6null	
    84

### **2、read-uncommitted隔离级别** ###

#### **2.1. binlog\_format=statement** ####

*  先在主库中把binlog\_format修改为statement，隔离级别修改为read-uncommitted，并刷新主从库binlog

# 主库	
    admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:37:09> set binlog_format=statement;	
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)	
    admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:39:24> set tx_isolation='read-uncommitted';	
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)	
    admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:39:44> flush binary logs;	
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)	
    # 从库	
    mysql> flush binary logs;	
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)	
    mysql>

*  主库清空表test\_load并执行load data语句

admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:39:54> truncate test_load;	
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)	
    admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:41:13> load data infile '/tmp/test_load.txt'into table test_load;	
    ERROR 1665(HY000): Cannot execute statement: impossible to write to binary log since BINLOG_FORMAT = STATEMENT and at least one table uses a storage engine limited to row-based logging. InnoDBis limited to row-logging when transaction isolation level is READ COMMITTED or READ UNCOMMITTED.	
    Error(Code1665): Cannot execute statement: impossible to write to binary log since BINLOG_FORMAT = STATEMENT and at least one table uses a storage engine limited to row-based logging. InnoDBis limited to row-logging when transaction isolation level is READ COMMITTED or READ UNCOMMITTED.	
    Error(Code1015): Can't lock file (errno: 170 - It is not possible to log this statement)	
    admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:41:52>

*  从以上结果中可以看到，在RU隔离级别下，binlog\_format设置为statement不允许load data语句执行,从报错信息上可以看到，在RC和RU隔离级别下，binlog只能以row格式记录，所以statement无法记录binlog
 *  查看主库表test\_load中的数据

admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:41:52> select* from test_load;	
    Emptyset(0.00 sec)

*  从以上结果中可以看到，表数据并没有导入成功，现在解析binlog查看一下

*  从上面的结果中可以看到，解析binlog的结果中除了use db和truncate table语句之外，没有其他的操作了，说明并没有数据写入，load data语句被mysql server直接拒绝执行了

#### **2.2. binlog\_format=mixed** ####

*  先在主库中把binlog\_format修改为mixed，隔离级别不要动，并刷新主从库binlog

# 主库	
    admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:44:05> set binlog_format=mixed;	
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)	
    admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:49:49> flush binary logs;	
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)	
    # 从库	
    mysql> flush binary logs;	
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)	
    mysql>

*  主库清空表test\_load并执行load data语句

admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:49:57> truncate test_load;	
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)	
    admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:51:12> load data infile '/tmp/test_load.txt'into table test_load;	
    Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)	
    Records: 4Deleted: 0Skipped: 0Warnings: 0

*  从以上结果中可以看到，在RU隔离级别下，binlog\_format设置为mixed允许load data语句执行
 *  查看主库表test\_load中的数据

admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 09:51:24> select* from test_load;	
    +----+------+	
    | id | test |	
    +----+------+	
    |  2| 1|	
    |  4| 2|	
    |  6| null|	
    |  8| 4|	
    +----+------+	
    4 rows inset(0.00 sec)

*  从以上结果中可以看到，表数据导入成功，现在解析binlog查看一下

[root@5f1772e3-0c7a-4537-97f9-9b57cf6a04c2 binlog]# ll	
    total 196	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  4916May400:11 mysql-bin.000014	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  4557May400:12 mysql-bin.000015	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  5595May409:39 mysql-bin.000016	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   366May409:41 mysql-bin.000017	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   744May409:51 mysql-bin.000018	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   936May409:49 mysql-bin.index	
    [root@5f1772e3-0c7a-4537-97f9-9b57cf6a04c2 binlog]# mysqlbinlog -vv --base64-output=decode-rows mysql-bin.000018	
    # at 259	
    #170504  9:51:12 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 354 CRC32 0xff83f0ce Query thread_id=155 exec_time=0 error_code=0	
    use`xiaoboluo`/*!*/;	
    ......	
    truncate test_load	
    ......	
    BEGIN	
    /*!*/;	
    # at 501	
    #170504  9:51:24 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 583 CRC32 0xfef1767a Rows_query	
    # load data infile '/tmp/test_load.txt' into table test_load  # 这里可以看到load data语句在这里，这里是开启了参数binlog_rows_query_log_events=ON之后记录的原生sql，默认被加了注释，主备复制不会执行	
    # at 583	
    #170504  9:51:24 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 643 CRC32 0x349b62a4 Table_map: `xiaoboluo`.`test_load` mapped to number 340	
    # at 643	
    #170504  9:51:24 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 713 CRC32 0x4ceacc10 Write_rows: table id 340 flags: STMT_END_F	
    ### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`  #这里是用于主备复制的数据变更日志，可以看到在mixed格式下被转换为了row格式	
    ### SET	
    ###   @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
    ###   @2='1' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
    ### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
    ### SET	
    ###   @1=4 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
    ###   @2='2' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
    ### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
    ### SET	
    ###   @1=6 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
    ###   @2='null' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
    ### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
    ### SET	
    ###   @1=8 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
    ###   @2='4' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
    # at 713	
    #170504  9:51:24 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 744 CRC32 0xfa76965b Xid = 1237	
    COMMIT/*!*/;	
    SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC'/* added by mysqlbinlog *//*!*/;	
    DELIMITER ;	
    # End of log file	
    /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;	
    /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;

*  从上面解析binlog的结果中可以看到，数据写入成功，load data语句被转换为row格式记录在binlog中
 *  查看备库中数据是否正确复制

mysql> use xiaoboluo	
    Reading table information for completion of table and column names	
    You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with-A	
    Database changed	
    mysql> select* from test_load;	
    +----+------+	
    | id | test |	
    +----+------+	
    |  2| 1|	
    |  4| 2|	
    |  6| null|	
    |  8| 4|	
    +----+------+	
    4 rows inset(0.00 sec)

*  解析备库binlog中是如何记录的load data语句

[root@e710d318-d5b4-4bc7-a606-d09f06ff5f5d binlog]# ll	
    total 100	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   990May101:36 mysql-bin.000001	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 54766May400:02 mysql-bin.000002	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 21376May409:40 mysql-bin.000003	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   401May409:50 mysql-bin.000004	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   730May409:51 mysql-bin.000005	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   260May409:50 mysql-bin.index	
    [root@e710d318-d5b4-4bc7-a606-d09f06ff5f5d binlog]# mysqlbinlog -vv --base64-output=decode-rows mysql-bin.000005	
    ...	
    #170504  9:51:12 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 354 CRC32 0xff83f0ce Query thread_id=155 exec_time=0 error_code=0	
    use`xiaoboluo`/*!*/;	
    ...	
    truncate test_load	
    ...	
    BEGIN	
    /*!*/;	
    # at 487	
    #170504  9:51:24 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 569 CRC32 0x67a31998 Rows_query	
    # load data infile '/tmp/test_load.txt' into table test_load  # 这里可以看到load data语句在这里，这里是开启了参数binlog_rows_query_log_events=ON之后记录的原生sql，默认被加了注释，主备复制不会执行	
    # at 569	
    #170504  9:51:24 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 629 CRC32 0x6420d19b Table_map: `xiaoboluo`.`test_load` mapped to number 301	
    # at 629	
    #170504  9:51:24 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 699 CRC32 0xf5fff0d8 Write_rows: table id 301 flags: STMT_END_F	
    ### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`  #这里是备库记录的主库binlog日志，可以看到在mixed格式下被转换为了row格式	
    ### SET	
    ###   @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
    ###   @2='1' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
    ### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
    ### SET	
    ###   @1=4 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
    ###   @2='2' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
    ### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
    ### SET	
    ###   @1=6 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
    ###   @2='null' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
    ### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
    ### SET	
    ###   @1=8 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
    ###   @2='4' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
    # at 699	
    #170504  9:51:24 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 730 CRC32 0xd5a3bda4 Xid = 424	
    COMMIT/*!*/;	
    ...

#### **2.3. binlog\_format=row** ####

*  先在主库中把binlog\_format修改为row，隔离级别不要动，并刷新主从库binlog

# 主库	
    admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 11:05:20> set binlog_format=row;	
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)	
    admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 11:18:23> flush binary logs;	
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)	
    # 从库	
    mysql> flush binary logs;	
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)	
    mysql>

*  主库清空表test\_load并执行load data语句

admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 11:18:26> truncate test_load;	
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)	
    admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 11:18:51> load data infile '/tmp/test_load.txt'into table test_load;	
    Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)	
    Records: 4Deleted: 0Skipped: 0Warnings: 0

*  从以上结果中可以看到，在RU隔离级别下，binlog\_format设置为row允许load data语句执行
 *  查看主库表test\_load中的数据

admin@localhost : xiaoboluo 11:18:57> select* from test_load;	
    +----+------+	
    | id | test |	
    +----+------+	
    |  2| 1|	
    |  4| 2|	
    |  6| null|	
    |  8| 4|	
    +----+------+	
    4 rows inset(0.00 sec)

*  从以上结果中可以看到，表数据导入成功，现在解析binlog查看一下

[root@5f1772e3-0c7a-4537-97f9-9b57cf6a04c2 binlog]# ll	
    total 196	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  4916May400:11 mysql-bin.000014	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  4557May400:12 mysql-bin.000015	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  5595May409:39 mysql-bin.000016	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   366May409:41 mysql-bin.000017	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   744May409:51 mysql-bin.000018	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   744May411:18 mysql-bin.000019	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   988May411:18 mysql-bin.index	
    [root@5f1772e3-0c7a-4537-97f9-9b57cf6a04c2 binlog]# mysqlbinlog -vv --base64-output=decode-rows mysql-bin.000018	
    # at 259	
    #170504 11:18:51 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 354 CRC32 0x9d5985ad Query thread_id=155 exec_time=0 error_code=0	
    use`xiaoboluo`/*!*/;	
    ......	
    truncate test_load	
    ......	
    BEGIN	
    /*!*/;	
    # at 501	
    #170504 11:18:57 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 583 CRC32 0x0e8f7603 Rows_query	
    # load data infile '/tmp/test_load.txt' into table test_load # 这里可以看到load data语句在这里，这里是开启了参数binlog_rows_query_log_events=ON之后记录的原生sql，默认被加了注释，主备复制不会执行	
    # at 583	
    #170504 11:18:57 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 643 CRC32 0xe1c5d4d0 Table_map: `xiaoboluo`.`test_load` mapped to number 341	
    # at 643	
    #170504 11:18:57 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 713 CRC32 0x31619df3 Write_rows: table id 341 flags: STMT_END_F	
    ### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`   #这里是用于主备复制的数据变更日志，可以看到在row格式下被转换为了row格式	
    ### SET	
    ###   @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
    ###   @2='1' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
    ### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
    ### SET	
    ###   @1=4 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
    ###   @2='2' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
    ### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
    ### SET	
    ###   @1=6 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
    ###   @2='null' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
    ### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
    ### SET	
    ###   @1=8 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
    ###   @2='4' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
    # at 713	
    #170504 11:18:57 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 744 CRC32 0x18b14b52 Xid = 1245	
    COMMIT/*!*/;	
    ......

*  从上面解析binlog的结果中可以看到，数据写入成功，load data语句被转换为row格式记录在binlog中
 *  查看备库中数据是否正确复制

mysql> use xiaoboluo	
    Database changed	
    mysql> select* from test_load;	
    +----+------+	
    | id | test |	
    +----+------+	
    |  2| 1|	
    |  4| 2|	
    |  6| null|	
    |  8| 4|	
    +----+------+	
    4 rows inset(0.00 sec)

*  解析备库binlog中是如何记录的load data语句

[root@e710d318-d5b4-4bc7-a606-d09f06ff5f5d binlog]# ll	
    total 100	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   990May101:36 mysql-bin.000001	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 54766May400:02 mysql-bin.000002	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 21376May409:40 mysql-bin.000003	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   401May409:50 mysql-bin.000004	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   730May409:51 mysql-bin.000005	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   730May411:18 mysql-bin.000006	
    -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   312May411:18 mysql-bin.index	
    [root@e710d318-d5b4-4bc7-a606-d09f06ff5f5d binlog]# mysqlbinlog -vv --base64-output=decode-rows mysql-bin.000009	
    ......	
    # at 259	
    #170504 11:18:51 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 354 CRC32 0x9d5985ad Query thread_id=155 exec_time=0 error_code=0	
    use`xiaoboluo`/*!*/;	
    ......	
    truncate test_load	
    ......	
    # at 487	
    #170504 11:18:57 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 569 CRC32 0x97dd19e1 Rows_query	
    # load data infile '/tmp/test_load.txt' into table test_load  # 这里可以看到load data语句在这里，这里是开启了参数binlog_rows_query_log_events=ON之后记录的原生sql，默认被加了注释，主备复制不会执行	
    # at 569	
    #170504 11:18:57 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 629 CRC32 0x6bef4f90 Table_map: `xiaoboluo`.`test_load` mapped to number 302	
    # at 629	
    #170504 11:18:57 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 699 CRC32 0x5a86b7f1 Write_rows: table id 302 flags: STMT_END_F	
    ### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`  #这里是备库记录的主库binlog日志，可以看到在row格式下被转换为了row格式，与mixed格式下记录的内容相同	
    ### SET	
    ###   @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
    ###   @2='1' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
    ### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
    ### SET	
    ###   @1=4 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
    ###   @2='2' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
    ### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
    ### SET	
    ###   @1=6 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
    ###   @2='null' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
    ### INSERT INTO `xiaoboluo`.`test_load`	
    ### SET	
    ###   @1=8 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */	
    ###   @2='4' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */	
    # at 699	
    #170504 11:18:57 server id 3306241  end_log_pos 730 CRC32 0x983a4a33 Xid = 440	
    COMMIT/*!*/;	
    ......

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