elasticsearch搜素关键字自动补全(suggest)

迈不过友情╰ 2023-06-13 08:59 8阅读 0赞

elasticsearch搜素关键字自动补全顾名思义 在搜索框搜索时能有提示列表可供选择。

最终效果如下：

![20191115102808745.png][]

该搜索优化功能是elasticsearch自带的即suggest，suggest即存储一个词库，每次搜索发送请求去词库中检索，匹配到即返回。

接下来我们一步一步实现上述功能。

**1.建立索引**

我这预先准备了一个房屋信息的索引**house**

{
      "settings": {
        "number_of_replicas": 0
      },
      "mappings": {
        "house": {
          "dynamic": false,
          "properties": {
            "houseId": {
              "type": "long"
            },
            "title": {
              "type": "text",
              "index": "analyzed",
              "analyzer": "ik_smart",
              "search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
            },
            "price": {
              "type": "integer"
            },
            "area": {
              "type": "integer"
            },
            "createTime": {
              "type": "date",
              "format": "strict_date_optional_time||epoch_millis"
            },
            "lastUpdateTime": {
              "type": "date",
              "format": "strict_date_optional_time||epoch_millis"
            },
            "cityEnName": {
              "type": "keyword"
            },
            "regionEnName": {
              "type": "keyword"
            },
            "direction": {
              "type": "integer"
            },
            "distanceToSubway": {
              "type": "integer"
            },
            "subwayLineName": {
              "type": "keyword"
            },
            "subwayStationName": {
              "type": "keyword"
            },
            "tags": {
              "type": "text"
            },
            "street": {
              "type": "keyword"
            },
            "district": {
              "type": "keyword"
            },
            "description": {
              "type": "text",
              "index": "analyzed",
              "analyzer": "ik_smart",
              "search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
            },
            "layoutDesc": {
              "type": "text",
              "index": "analyzed",
              "analyzer": "ik_smart",
              "search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
            },
            "traffic": {
              "type": "text",
              "index": "analyzed",
              "analyzer": "ik_smart",
              "search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
            },
            "roundService": {
              "type": "text",
              "index": "analyzed",
              "analyzer": "ik_smart",
              "search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
            },
            "rentWay": {
              "type": "integer"
            },
            "suggest": {
              "type": "completion"
            },
            "room": {
              "type": "integer"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

**注意关键字段****suggest****，type为****completion**

**2.向建好的索引中添加数据**

主要注意suggest字段中如何添加数据

private boolean updateSuggest(HouseIndexTemplate indexTemplate) {
            //将分词字段加入AnalyzeRequestBuilder，通过ik_smart分词后会生成多个词组，然后将词组加入suggest字段
            AnalyzeRequestBuilder requestBuilder = new AnalyzeRequestBuilder(
                    this.esClient, AnalyzeAction.INSTANCE, INDEX_NAME, indexTemplate.getTitle(),
                    indexTemplate.getLayoutDesc(), indexTemplate.getRoundService(),
                    indexTemplate.getDescription(), indexTemplate.getSubwayLineName(),
                    indexTemplate.getSubwayStationName());
            //采用ik_smart分词
            requestBuilder.setAnalyzer("ik_smart");
    
            AnalyzeResponse response = requestBuilder.get();
            List<AnalyzeResponse.AnalyzeToken> tokens = response.getTokens();
            if (tokens == null) {
                logger.warn("Can not analyze token for house: " + indexTemplate.getHouseId());
                return false;
            }
    
            List<HouseSuggest> suggests = new ArrayList<>();
            for (AnalyzeResponse.AnalyzeToken token : tokens) {
                // 排序数字类型 & 小于2个字符的分词结果
                if ("<NUM>".equals(token.getType()) || token.getTerm().length() < 2) {
                    continue;
                }
    
                HouseSuggest suggest = new HouseSuggest();
                suggest.setInput(token.getTerm());
                suggests.add(suggest);
            }
    
            // 定制化小区自动补全(不需要分词的字段手动额外加入)
            HouseSuggest suggest = new HouseSuggest();
            suggest.setInput(indexTemplate.getDistrict());
            suggests.add(suggest);
    
            indexTemplate.setSuggest(suggests);
            return true;
        }

如上代码表示：

**首先**将title、layoutDesc、roundService、description、subwayLineName、subwayStationName通过ik\_smart分词后，将分词后的字词加入suggests 集合；

**然后**将不需要分词的字段district手动加入suggests集合；

其中HouseIndexTemplate 只是一个索引对象，里面封装了索引所需字段，注意其中suggest为 集合：

private List<HouseSuggest> suggest;

最后将HouseIndexTemplate对象写入elasticsearch中即可。

IndexResponse response = this.esClient.prepareIndex(INDEX_NAME, INDEX_TYPE)
                        .setSource(objectMapper.writeValueAsBytes(indexTemplate), XContentType.JSON).get();

写入后结构如下 ：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3p3eDE5OTIxMjE1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

**3.开始做检索**

前端js调用检索接口

$('#keyword-box').autocomplete({
                minLength: 2, // 最小字符数，默认1
                delay: 300, // 延迟加载300ms
                source: function (request, response) { // 数据源
                    $.ajax({
                        url: '/rent/house/autocomplete?prefix=' + request.term,
                        success: function (res) {
                            if (res.code === 200) {
                                response(res.data);
                            }
                        }
                    });
                },
                select: function (event, ui) { // 选中事件
                    $('#keyword-box').text(ui.item.value);
                    window.location.href = locate_url(start, size);
                }
            });

后端接口和服务层：

controller:

/**
         * 自动补全接口
         */
        @GetMapping("rent/house/autocomplete")
        @ResponseBody
        public ApiResponse autocomplete(@RequestParam(value = "prefix") String prefix) {
    
            if (prefix.isEmpty()) {
                return ApiResponse.ofStatus(ApiResponse.Status.BAD_REQUEST);
            }
            ServiceResult<List<String>> result = this.searchService.suggest(prefix);
            return ApiResponse.ofSuccess(result.getResult());
        }

service:

@Override
        public ServiceResult<List<String>> suggest(String prefix) {
            CompletionSuggestionBuilder suggestion = SuggestBuilders.completionSuggestion("suggest").prefix(prefix).size(5);
    
            SuggestBuilder suggestBuilder = new SuggestBuilder();
            suggestBuilder.addSuggestion("autocomplete", suggestion);
    
            SearchRequestBuilder requestBuilder = this.esClient.prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME)
                    .setTypes(INDEX_TYPE)
                    .suggest(suggestBuilder);
            logger.debug(requestBuilder.toString());
    
            SearchResponse response = requestBuilder.get();
            Suggest suggest = response.getSuggest();
            if (suggest == null) {
                return ServiceResult.of(new ArrayList<>());
            }
            Suggest.Suggestion result = suggest.getSuggestion("autocomplete");
    
            int maxSuggest = 0;
            Set<String> suggestSet = new HashSet<>();
    
            for (Object term : result.getEntries()) {
                if (term instanceof CompletionSuggestion.Entry) {
                    CompletionSuggestion.Entry item = (CompletionSuggestion.Entry) term;
    
                    if (item.getOptions().isEmpty()) {
                        continue;
                    }
    
                    for (CompletionSuggestion.Entry.Option option : item.getOptions()) {
                        String tip = option.getText().string();
                        if (suggestSet.contains(tip)) {
                            continue;
                        }
                        suggestSet.add(tip);
                        maxSuggest++;
                    }
                }
    
                if (maxSuggest > 5) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            List<String> suggests = Lists.newArrayList(suggestSet.toArray(new String[]{}));
            return ServiceResult.of(suggests);
        }

![20191115105227653.png][]

[20191115102808745.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191115102808745.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3p3eDE5OTIxMjE1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191115104624227.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3p3eDE5OTIxMjE1,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20191115105227653.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191115105227653.png