python selenium 登录12306

阳光穿透心脏的1/2处 2023-06-19 02:20 20阅读 0赞

记录一下使用python + selenium 登录12306网站的基本步骤：

1.  打开链接
2.  点击账号登录按钮
3.  截取整个屏幕图片
4.  将验证码的图片从截取到的屏幕图片中扣出来
5.  使用验证码平台识别验证码
6.  根据返回的坐标模拟点击验证码
7.  输入用户名密码，点击登录

**主程序**

import time, os
    from PIL import Image
    from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
    from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
    from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
    from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
    from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
    
    from cjy.chaojiying import Chaojiying_Client as cjy
    
    
    _path = os.path.dirname(__file__)
    
    
    class QPLogin(cjy):
    
        login_uername = 'htg_nice'
        login_password = 'htg3120400125'
    
        def __init__(self, url):
            self.url = url
            self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    
        def open_url(self, url):
            # 打开链接
            self.driver.get(url)
    
        def location_element(self, by, path, driver=None):
            if not driver:
                driver = self.driver
            return driver.find_element(by, path)
    
        def location_elements(self, by, path, driver=None):
            if not driver:
                driver = self.driver
            return driver.find_elements(by, path)
    
        def wait_element(self, by, path, driver=None):
            # 隐性等待
            if not driver:
                driver = self.driver
            element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
                EC.presence_of_element_located((by, path)))
            return element
    
        def get_time(self):
            timestrmap = time.strftime('%Y%m%d_%H.%M.%S')
            return timestrmap
    
        def capture_img(self, imgPath, element):
            """ :param imgPath: 全图的路径 :param element: 截取验证码元素 :return: """
    
            left = element.location['x']    # 元素的x坐标
            top = element.location['y']     # 元素的y坐标
            elementWidth = left + element.size['width']     # 元素的宽
            elementHeight = top + element.size['height']    # 元素的高
    
            picture = Image.open(imgPath)  #
            yzm_picture = picture.crop((left, top, elementWidth, elementHeight))  # 截取想要图片元素
            timestrmap = time.strftime('%Y%m%d_%H.%M.%S')
            yzm_imgPath = os.path.join(_path, '{}/login_picture/yz_{}.png'.format(_path, timestrmap))
            yzm_picture.save(yzm_imgPath)
            return yzm_imgPath
    
        def click_yzm(self, cjy_result_dict):
            # {'err_no': 0, 'err_str': 'OK', 'pic_id': '2088122413328500007', 'pic_str': '188,147|248,81', 'md5': '80b6c0d0354da4169d8c281d36a7fc55'}
            pic_str_list = cjy_result_dict.get('pic_str').split('|')
            coords = [[int(number) for number in coord.split(',')] for coord in pic_str_list]  # 坐标 [[],[],[]..]
            print(coords)
    
            for coord in coords:  # 根据列表点击验证码
                time.sleep(2)
                yzm_img_element = self.location_element(by=By.ID, path='J-loginImg')
                ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element_with_offset(to_element=yzm_img_element, xoffset=coord[0], yoffset=coord[1]).click().perform()
    
        def input_login_info(self):
            username_element = self.location_element(by=By.ID, path='J-userName')
            password_element = self.location_element(by=By.ID, path='J-password')
    
            username_element.send_keys(self.login_uername)
            time.sleep(1)
            password_element.send_keys(self.login_password)
    
        def click_login_button(self):
            login_button = self.location_element(by=By.ID, path='J-login')
            login_button.click()
    
        def qplogin(self):
            self.driver.maximize_window()
            time.sleep(1)
            self.open_url(url=self.url)
    
            zh_login_button = self.wait_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, path='.login-hd-account a')  # 账号登录按钮
            ewm_login_button = self.wait_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, path='.login-hd-code a')  # 二维码登录按钮
            time.sleep(1)
            zh_login_button.click()
    
            time.sleep(1)
            timestrmap = self.get_time()
            img_path = os.path.join(_path, 'login_picture/jt_{}.png'.format(timestrmap))
            self.driver.save_screenshot(img_path)  # 截屏，整个屏幕
            yzm_element = self.location_element(driver=self.driver, by=By.ID, path='J-loginImg')
    
            time.sleep(1)
            yzm_imgPath = self.capture_img(imgPath=img_path, element=yzm_element)  # 截取验证码图片
    
            cjy_result_dict = self.cjy_run(img_path=yzm_imgPath)
    
            # print(cjy_result_dict)
            self.click_yzm(cjy_result_dict=cjy_result_dict)
    
            self.input_login_info()
    
            self.click_login_button()
    
            cookies = self.driver.get_cookies()
    
            return cookies
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        qp = QPLogin(url='https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html')
        qp.qplogin()

**识别验证码的超级鹰接口**

#!/usr/bin/env python
    # coding:utf-8
    
    import requests
    from hashlib import md5
    
    
    class Chaojiying_Client(object):
        cjy_username = ''  # cjy 用户名
        cjy_password = ''  # cjy 密码
        cjy_soft_id = ''   # cyj 生成的软件id
        cjy_yzm_type = '9004'    # 需要验证的验证码类型
        cyj_base_params = { 
            'user': cjy_username,
            'pass2': md5(cjy_password.encode('utf8')).hexdigest(),
            'softid': cjy_soft_id,
        }
    
        cjy_headers = { 
                'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',
        }
    
        def PostPic(self, im, codetype):
            """ im: 图片字节 codetype: 题目类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html """
            params = { 
                'codetype': codetype,
            }
            params.update(self.cyj_base_params)
            files = { 'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', im)}
            r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php', data=params, files=files, headers=self.cjy_headers)
            return r.json()
    
        def ReportError(self, im_id):
            """ im_id:报错题目的图片ID """
            params = { 
                'id': im_id,
            }
            params.update(self.cyj_base_params)
            r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.cjy_headers)
            return r.json()
    
        def cjy_run(self, img_path):
            im = open(img_path, 'rb').read()
            result_dict = self.PostPic(im, self.cjy_yzm_type)
    
            return result_dict