Qt 5.12使用MSVC 2013 32bit 编译器+使用visual studio 2017、cmake编译opencv3.4.6环境配置与示例演示

绝地灬酷狼 2023-06-24 06:28 18阅读 0赞

### Qt 5.12使用MSVC 2013 32bit 编译器+使用visual studio 2017、cmake编译opencv3.4.6 ###

*  导语
 *   *  1.下载opencv
     *   *  1.1进入opencv官网，点击release，
         *  1.2进入OpenCV github网站，下载opencv\_contrib扩展模块。
     *  2.Qt5.12.0下载
     *   *  2.1 进入Qt官网，下载Qt开源版。
         *  2.2 qt的安装
         *  2.3更新qt,添加MSVC 2013 32 bit编译器
     *  3.Visual Studio 2017 下载
     *  4.CMake下载
     *  5.使用cmake编译opencv。
     *  6.在VS 2017中生成OpenCV库文件
     *  7.在Qt 项目中进行配置opencv
     *  8.在VS 2017添加Qt插件
     *  9.配置系统opencv环境变量
     *  10.在VS 2017中创建qt项目，配置opencv环境
 *  总结

# 导语 #

看标题就觉得这是一个复杂环境配置过程，先说一下为什么要配置这些环境。最近再做一个图像软件的开发，其中用到了大华相机，而它是不支持qt的MinGW编译器的。另外opencv的win pack中，只包含了MSVC 2015 64位编译器的预构二进制文件，这与我要使用的32位版本不兼容，所以要自己重新编译opencv。至于为什么要使用32位的版本，这是项目前人定下的就没有改。

> opencv通常不会为所有编译器和平台提供预构建的二进制文件，事实上，opencv并没有为macOS和Linux提供预构建的二进制文件。可以使用cmake进行构建。

我们为什么需要cmake？为什么不能只给出库以及用它来做什么呢？  
互联网上大多数开源框架和库，或者至少是那些想要保持IDE中性的开源框架和库，都使用CMake或类似的make系统。这里我们需要Cmake以便能够使用源代码来配置和构建opencv。

## 1.下载opencv ##

### 1.1进入opencv官网，点击release， ###

（[https://opencv.org/releases/][https_opencv.org_releases]）。

> 选择需要的版本下载，我这里使用windows 10环境，下载之后是一个.exe文件

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

> 下载安装过程就是一个解压过程，安装之后目录如下：

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

### 1.2进入OpenCV github网站，下载opencv\_contrib扩展模块。 ###

opencv\_contrib（[https://github.com/opencv/opencv\_contrib][https_github.com_opencv_opencv_contrib]）

> 点击release，选择opencv对应的版本就好

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

> 下载zip文件

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

> 解压的时候我把它解压到opencv目录下了，方便找到：

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

## 2.Qt5.12.0下载 ##

### 2.1 进入Qt官网，下载Qt开源版。 ###

Qt官网（[http://download.qt.io][http_download.qt.io]/）  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]

### 2.2 qt的安装 ###

> 基本上都是点下一步，选择组件的时候我选择下来4个编译器如下：

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]  
注意，正如在这里看到的，qt5.12默认是没有MSVC 2013 32 bit编译器的，而我的项目需要用到这个，至于为什么我在前面导语已经说过了  
qt5.8中是有MSVC 2013 32 bit编译器的，所以安装完成后要添加这个组件

### 2.3更新qt,添加MSVC 2013 32 bit编译器 ###

> 打开控制面板，依次点击**程序–程序和功能–找到Qt5.12.0**，双击

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]

> 点击next – skip – 选择添加或移除组件 – 下一步

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]

> 点击下一步之后会出现这个问题，我们点击设置，添加一个临时存储库，我这里使用清华大学的开源镜像站[https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/qt/online/qt5/windows/x86/online\_repository/][https_mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn_qt_online_qt5_windows_x86_online_repository]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]

> 输入网址，点击测试，成功之后点击ok

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15]

> 重新点击next – skip – 选择添加或移除组件 – 下一步出现警告后点击右上角的关闭，在点右下角退出

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18]  
等它更新完了就可以了。

## 3.Visual Studio 2017 下载 ##

官网找到旧的下载项：[https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/zh-hans/vs/older-downloads/][https_visualstudio.microsoft.com_zh-hans_vs_older-downloads]  
安装的时候 选择 使用C++的桌面开发。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19]

## 4.CMake下载 ##

官网：[https://cmake.org/download/][https_cmake.org_download]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20]

## 5.使用cmake编译opencv。 ##

安装过程基本上没什么问题。各个软件安装好之后，开始使用cmake编译opencv。

> 打开cmakeGUI工具，在bin目录下

![在这里插入图片描述][2019122113542076.png]

> source code选中opencv/sources目录，build libraries选中一个新的目录，方便管理。我这里是新建一个contrib\_build目录。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21]

> 点击configure， 选择Win32

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 22]

> configure完成后，出现红色，勾选BUILD\_opencv\_world,这将允许把所有opencv模块构建到一个库中。同时这个时候可以添加扩展模块，再次点击congfigure。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 23]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 24]

> configure完成且不出现红色界面后，点击Generate，至此，OpenCV编译完成，接下来在VS 2017中生成OpenCV库文件。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 25]

## 6.在VS 2017中生成OpenCV库文件 ##

打开VS 2017，打开Cmake时设置的contrib\_build目录的OpenCV.sln解决方案。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 26]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 27]  
打开之后，点击生成–批生成，英文为Build–Batch Build。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 28]

> 选中“ALL\_BUILD”和“INSTALL”的复选框，如下，点击生成

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 29]

> 生成的过程比较漫长，大概需要半个小时左右。生成后会在contrib\_build目录下生成一个install目录。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 30]

## 7.在Qt 项目中进行配置opencv ##

这里涉及项目代码隐私、知识产权，我就以新建一个项目为例：

> 打开Qt Creator4.8 ，在开始菜单栏中可以找到  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 31]

> 打开之后，新建一个项目，默认下一步就好。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 32]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 33]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 34]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 35]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 36]

> 创建项目完成之后，点击.pro文件修改，添加opencv路径

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 37]

> 添加opencv的库，右击项目，选择添加库

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 38]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 39]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 40]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 41]

> 完成之后，.pro文件中会多了一段如下代码：

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 42]

> 修改完成之后，要右击项目，执行qmake

修改mainwindow.cpp文件如下：

#include "mainwindow.h"
    #include "ui_mainwindow.h"
    #include "opencv2/opencv.hpp"
    
    MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
        QMainWindow(parent),
        ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
    { 
        ui->setupUi(this);
        cv::Mat dog=cv::imread("D:/dog.jpg");
        cv::imshow("ss",dog);
    }
    
    MainWindow::~MainWindow()
    { 
        delete ui;
    }

> 运行结果如果可以打开一张图片，就说明在qt中使用msvc 2013 32bit构建工具编译opencv就没有问题了。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 43]

## 8.在VS 2017添加Qt插件 ##

> 点击工具–扩展和更新

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 44]

> 搜索qt，下载

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 45]

> 下载之后 重启 工具栏会出现QT插件  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 46]

> 点击add

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 47]

> path路径选择编译器的目录，会自动识别，补上Name  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 48]  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 49]

## 9.配置系统opencv环境变量 ##

> 路径是\\contrib\_build\\install\\x86\\vc14\\bin;我的如下：  
> D:\\opencv\\opencv346\\contrib\_build\\install\\x86\\vc14\\bin;

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0YXJfb2Zfc2NpZW5jZQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 50]

## 10.在VS 2017中创建qt项目，配置opencv环境 ##

> 新建一个qt工程

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> C++目录->包含目录，编辑，添加 D:\\opencv\\opencv346\\contrib\_build\\install\\include  
> D:\\opencv\\opencv346\\contrib\_build\\install\\include\\opencv  
> D:\\opencv\\opencv346\\contrib\_build\\install\\include\\opencv2

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> C++目录->库目录，编辑，添加  
> D:\\opencv\\opencv346\\contrib\_build\\install\\x86\\vc15\\lib

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> 链接器->输入->附加依赖项，编辑，添加  
> opencv\_world346d.lib

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# 总结 #

> 配置环境的过程异常艰难，重装了很多遍，走了很多弯路，究其原因就是涉及的环境配置比较复杂，而且没有环境配置文档。

> 按照我写的这个过程应该会减少很多坑，如果有其它问题，可以私聊我！

[https_opencv.org_releases]: https://opencv.org/releases/
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[https_github.com_opencv_opencv_contrib]: https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib
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[http_download.qt.io]: http://download.qt.io/
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[https_mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn_qt_online_qt5_windows_x86_online_repository]: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/qt/online/qt5/windows/x86/online_repository/
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[https_visualstudio.microsoft.com_zh-hans_vs_older-downloads]: https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/zh-hans/vs/older-downloads/
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[https_cmake.org_download]: https://cmake.org/download/
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