Linux 下安装 Oracle 客户端

﹏ヽ暗。殇╰゛Y 2023-06-26 05:57 4阅读 0赞

1.  #### 使用 ZIP文件离线安装 Oracle 客户端 ####
    
    1.  ###### 下载所需的 Instant Client ZIP文件。 ######
        
            [root@cdh01 ~]# mkdir /opt/oracle
            [root@cdh01 ~]# cd /opt/oracle
            [root@cdh01 oracle]# ll /opt/oracle
            total 82032
            -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60704657 Dec 30 14:45 instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
            -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23935897 Dec 30 17:01 instantclient-basiclite-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
            -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1562474 Dec 30 17:01 instantclient-jdbc-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
            -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   310560 Dec 30 17:20 instantclient-odbc-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
            -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   643089 Dec 30 14:53 instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
            -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   834491 Dec 30 14:44 instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
            -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   186409 Dec 30 14:53 instantclient-tools-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
    2.  ###### 解压缩安装包 ######
        
            [root@cdh01 oracle]# unzip instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
            [root@cdh01 oracle]# unzip instantclient-jdbc-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
            [root@cdh01 oracle]# unzip instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
            [root@cdh01 oracle]# unzip instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
            [root@cdh01 oracle]# unzip instantclient-tools-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
    3.  ###### 创建软链接 ######
        
            [root@cdh01 oracle]# cd /opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2
            [root@cdh01 instantclient_12_2]# ln -s libclntsh.so.12.1 libclntsh.so
            [root@cdh01 instantclient_12_2]# ln -s libocci.so.12.1 libocci.so
    4.  ###### 安装 libaio 依赖包 ######
        
            [root@cdh01 oracle]# yum install libaio
    5.  ###### 在 network/admin 子目录中创建 tnsnames.ora 文件 ######
        
            [root@cdh01 oracle]# mkdir -p /opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2/network/admin
            [root@cdh01 oracle]# cd /opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2/network/admin
            [root@cdh01 admin]# cat tnsnames.ora
            ORCL =
              (DESCRIPTION =
                (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
                (CONNECT_DATA =
                  (SERVER = DEDICATED)
                  (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
                )
              )
        
            orcl[本地实例名] =
              (DESCRIPTION =
                (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xx.xx.xx.xx[远程数据库IP地址])(PORT = 1521[远程服务器端口号]))
                (CONNECT_DATA =
                  (SERVER = DEDICATED)
                  (SERVICE_NAME = orcl[远程数据库服务名])
                )
              )
    6.  ###### 设置环境变量 ######
        
            export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
            export PATH=/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2:$PATH
            export TNS_ADMIN=/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_1/network/admin
2.  ##### 使用 RPM 文件离线安装 Oracle 客户端 #####
    
    1.  ###### 下载所需的Instant Client RPM 软件包。 ######
        
            [root@cdh01 ~]# mkdir /opt/oracle
            [root@cdh01 ~]# cd /opt/oracle
            [root@cdh01 oracle]# ll /opt/oracle
            total 84996
            -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 59865008 Dec 30 17:09 oracle-instantclient12.2-basic-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
            -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23679225 Dec 30 17:00 oracle-instantclient12.2-basiclite-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm   # 不需要
            -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   610222 Dec 30 17:00 oracle-instantclient12.2-devel-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
            -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1564169 Dec 30 16:59 oracle-instantclient12.2-jdbc-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
            -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   311509 Dec 30 17:00 oracle-instantclient12.2-odbc-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm     # 不需要
            -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   828333 Dec 30 16:59 oracle-instantclient12.2-sqlplus-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
            -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   161109 Dec 30 17:00 oracle-instantclient12.2-tools-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
    2.  ###### 使用安装软件包yum。例如： ######
        
            [root@cdh01 oracle]# yum -y install oracle-instantclient12.2-basic-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
            [root@cdh01 oracle]# yum -y install oracle-instantclient12.2-devel-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
            [root@cdh01 oracle]# yum -y install oracle-instantclient12.2-jdbc-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
            [root@cdh01 oracle]# yum -y install oracle-instantclient12.2-sqlplus-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
            [root@cdh01 oracle]# yum -y install oracle-instantclient12.2-tools-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
    3.  ###### 创建 tnsnames.ora 文件 ######
        
            [root@cdh01 oracle]# mkdir -p /usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/lib/network/admin
            [root@cdh01 oracle]# cd /usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/lib/network/admin
            [root@cdh01 admin]# cat tnsnames.ora
            ORCL =
              (DESCRIPTION =
                (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
                (CONNECT_DATA =
                  (SERVER = DEDICATED)
                  (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
                )
              )
        
            orcl[本地实例名] =
              (DESCRIPTION =
                (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xx.xx.xx.xx[远程数据库IP地址])(PORT = 1521[远程服务器端口号]))
                (CONNECT_DATA =
                  (SERVER = DEDICATED)
                  (SERVICE_NAME = orcl[远程数据库服务名])
                )
              )
    4.  ###### 设置环境变量 ######
        
            export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
            export PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/bin:$PATH
            export TNS_ADMIN=/usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/lib/network/admin
3.  #### 使用 sqlplus 连接 Oracle 数据库 ####
    
    **格式**: `sqlplus 用户名/密码@本地实例名 (as 身份)`
    
    1.  数据库管理员登录
        
            sqlplus sys/123456@orcl as sysdba
    2.  普通用户登录
        
            [root@DSJ-TVM002 admin]# sqlplus admin/123456@orcl
            
            SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Dec 30 18:43:40 2019
            
            Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
            
            
            Connected to:
            Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
            With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
            
            SQL>

参考: https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/instant-client/linux-x86-64-downloads.html