SpringCloud全家桶（第四期：Zuul网关）

叁歲伎倆 2023-06-30 01:32 12阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*   *  一：什么是SpringCloud
     *  二：zuul是什么
     *  三：搭建zuul
     *  五：访问

## 一：什么是SpringCloud ##

> Spring Cloud provides tools for developers to quickly build some of the common patterns in distributed systems (e.g. configuration management, service discovery, circuit breakers, intelligent routing, micro-proxy, control bus, one-time tokens, global locks, leadership election, distributed sessions, cluster state). Coordination of distributed systems leads to boiler plate patterns, and using Spring Cloud developers can quickly stand up services and applications that implement those patterns. They will work well in any distributed environment, including the developer’s own laptop, bare metal data centres, and managed platforms such as Cloud Foundry.

**翻译如下**：

> Spring Cloud为开发人员提供了快速构建分布式系统中的一些常见模式的工具(例如配置管理、服务发现、断路器、智能路由、微代理、控制总线、一次性令牌、全局锁、领导层选举、分布式会话、集群状态)。分布式系统的协调导致了锅炉板模式，使用Spring Cloud开发人员可以快速建立实现这些模式的服务和应用程序。它们在任何分布式环境中都能很好地工作，包括开发人员自己的笔记本电脑、裸机数据中心和云计算等托管平台。

**SpringCloud主要框架**：

*  [服务发现——Netflix Eureka][Netflix Eureka]
 *  [服务调用——Netflix Feign][Netflix Feign]
 *  [熔断器——Netflix Hystrix][Netflix Hystrix]
 *  [服务网关——Netflix Zuul][Netflix Zuul]
 *  [分布式配置——Spring Cloud Config][Spring Cloud Config]
 *  消息总线 —— Spring Cloud Bus

## 二：zuul是什么 ##

zuul 是netflix开源的一个API Gateway 服务器, 本质上是一个web servlet应用。

Zuul 在云平台上提供动态路由，监控，弹性，安全等边缘服务的框架。Zuul 相当于是设备和 Netflix 流应用的 Web 网站后端所有请求的前门。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mjc0MDUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

**zuul的主要功能：**

*  **路由**
 *  **过滤**

## 三：搭建zuul ##

**1，创建`ml_gateway`子模块**

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mjc0MDUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
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**2，创建完项目，导入依赖：**

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> 
        </parent>
        <groupId>com.tt</groupId>
        <artifactId>ml_gateway</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>ml_gateway</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
            <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR3</spring-cloud.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>${ spring-cloud.version}</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>

**3，创建一个`application.yml`文件，加入以下配置**

server:
      port: 7979
    
    spring:
      application:
        name: ml-gateway
      profiles:
        active: dev
    
    
    zuul:
      routes:
        api-a:                            #自定义服务（随便写）
          path: /gateway/ss/**            #自定义路径（将要拦截的），切记不能以关键字开头如：/zuul/**
          serviceid: ml-student           #将要访问的微服务名
        api-b:
          path: /gateway/tt/**
          serviceid: ml-teacher
    
    
      host:
        connect-timeout-millis: 15000 #HTTP连接超时要比Hystrix的大
        socket-timeout-millis: 60000 #socket超时
    ribbon: #设置ribbon的超时时间小于zuul的超时时间
      ReadTimeout: 10000
      ConnectTimeout: 10000
    
    eureka:
      client:
        service-url:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

**4，在启动类`MlGatewayApplication`中加入注解`@EnableZuulProxy`，表示开启网关**

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableZuulProxy//开启网关
    @EnableEurekaClient
    public class MlGatewayApplication { 
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(MlGatewayApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    }

到这一步，就搭建zull完成了，接下来启动测试下

**5，服务提供者（测试）**

在`ml-student`微服务中，创建`controller`如下：

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    @RestController
    public class StringController { 
    
    
        @RequestMapping("provider")
        public String getString(){ 
            return "我是服务提供者！";
        }
    }

## 五：访问 ##

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**开心一刻**

老师在讲掩耳盗铃，讲完后让小明讲一下他的读后感。  
小明：“有些东西，并不是你不知道或者假装不知道就会变得不存在，比如下课铃！”  
老师：“滚出去！”

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mjc0MDUzMA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

如果觉得不错，帮忙点个赞，您的点赞将是我的动力！

[上一篇：SpringCloud Hystrix之Hystrix Dashboard仪表盘][SpringCloud Hystrix_Hystrix Dashboard]  
[下一篇：SpringCloud Zuul网关之ZuulFilter过滤器][SpringCloud Zuul_ZuulFilter]

[Netflix Eureka]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42740530/article/details/99684807
[Netflix Feign]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42740530/article/details/99694626
[Netflix Hystrix]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42740530/article/details/99711177
[Netflix Zuul]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42740530/article/details/103958233
[Spring Cloud Config]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42740530/article/details/104519269
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[SpringCloud Hystrix_Hystrix Dashboard]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42740530/article/details/103969542
[SpringCloud Zuul_ZuulFilter]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42740530/article/details/103976916