Linux常用命令-时刻更新

系统管理员 2023-06-30 10:50 10阅读 0赞

## 前言 ##

#### [博主github][github] ####

#### [博主个人博客http://blog.healerjean.com][http_blog.healerjean.com] ####

## 1、帮助指令 ##

### 1.1、`–-help`：显示shell内部的命令帮助信息 ###

> `--help`命令用于显示shell内部的帮助信息。**help命令只能显示shell内部的命令帮助信息。而对于外部命令的帮助信息只能使用man或者info命令查看。**

grep --help

root@healerjean:~# grep --help
    Usage: grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE]...
    Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input.
    PATTERN is, by default, a basic regular expression (BRE).
    Example: grep -i 'hello world' menu.h main.c
    
    Regexp selection and interpretation:
      -E, --extended-regexp     PATTERN is an extended regular expression (ERE)
      -F, --fixed-strings       PATTERN is a set of newline-separated strings
      -G, --basic-regexp        PATTERN is a basic regular expression (BRE)
      -P, --perl-regexp         PATTERN is a Perl regular expression
      -e, --regexp=PATTERN      use PATTERN for matching
      -f, --file=FILE           obtain PATTERN from FILE
      -i, --ignore-case         ignore case distinctions
      -w, --word-regexp         force PATTERN to match only whole words
      -x, --line-regexp         force PATTERN to match only whole lines
      -z, --null-data           a data line ends in 0 byte, not newline
    
    Miscellaneous:
      -s, --no-messages         suppress error messages
      -v, --invert-match        select non-matching lines
      -V, --version             display version information and exit
          --help                display this help text and exit
    
    Output control:
      -m, --max-count=NUM       stop after NUM matches
      -b, --byte-offset         print the byte offset with output lines
      -n, --line-number         print line number with output lines
          --line-buffered       flush output on every line
      -H, --with-filename       print the file name for each match
      -h, --no-filename         suppress the file name prefix on output
          --label=LABEL         use LABEL as the standard input file name prefix
      -o, --only-matching       show only the part of a line matching PATTERN
      -q, --quiet, --silent     suppress all normal output
          --binary-files=TYPE   assume that binary files are TYPE;
                                TYPE is 'binary', 'text', or 'without-match'
      -a, --text                equivalent to --binary-files=text
      -I                        equivalent to --binary-files=without-match
      -d, --directories=ACTION  how to handle directories;
                                ACTION is 'read', 'recurse', or 'skip'
      -D, --devices=ACTION      how to handle devices, FIFOs and sockets;
                                ACTION is 'read' or 'skip'
      -r, --recursive           like --directories=recurse
      -R, --dereference-recursive  likewise, but follow all symlinks
          --include=FILE_PATTERN  search only files that match FILE_PATTERN
          --exclude=FILE_PATTERN  skip files and directories matching FILE_PATTERN
          --exclude-from=FILE   skip files matching any file pattern from FILE
          --exclude-dir=PATTERN  directories that match PATTERN will be skipped.
      -L, --files-without-match  print only names of FILEs containing no match
      -l, --files-with-matches  print only names of FILEs containing matches
      -c, --count               print only a count of matching lines per FILE
      -T, --initial-tab         make tabs line up (if needed)
      -Z, --null                print 0 byte after FILE name
    
    Context control:
      -B, --before-context=NUM  print NUM lines of leading context
      -A, --after-context=NUM   print NUM lines of trailing context
      -C, --context=NUM         print NUM lines of output context
      -NUM                      same as --context=NUM
          --color[=WHEN],
          --colour[=WHEN]       use markers to highlight the matching strings;
                                WHEN is 'always', 'never', or 'auto'
      -U, --binary              do not strip CR characters at EOL (MSDOS/Windows)
      -u, --unix-byte-offsets   report offsets as if CRs were not there
                                (MSDOS/Windows)
    
    'egrep' means 'grep -E'.  'fgrep' means 'grep -F'.
    Direct invocation as either 'egrep' or 'fgrep' is deprecated.
    When FILE is -, read standard input.  With no FILE, read . if a command-line
    -r is given, - otherwise.  If fewer than two FILEs are given, assume -h.
    Exit status is 0 if any line is selected, 1 otherwise;
    if any error occurs and -q is not given, the exit status is 2.
    
    Report bugs to: bug-grep@gnu.org
    GNU grep home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/grep/>
    General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
    root@healerjean:~#

### 1.2、`man`：查看命令帮助（手册页丰富） ###

> `man`命令，manual的简写，**查看Linux中的指令帮助、配置文件帮助和编程帮助等信息。man是在程序安装的时候安装的帮助文档**
> 
> 可以在系统的目录下找到，如果软件有配套的页面，就可以使用man来查找。如果删除了某个手册页文件时man就无法显示了。**man命令显示的帮助信息要更加丰富，它比命令的help选项多了命令的用法示例、命令的描述等内容**

man grep

#### 1.2.1、浏览技巧 ####

##### 1.2.1.1、滚动一行：Enter键 #####

##### 1.2.1.2、翻一页：空格键 #####

##### 1.2.1.3、查询某个内容： 例如： /a ,查询a这个单词的位置 #####

##### 1.2.1.4、退出 ：q #####

GREP(1)                                                                           General Commands Manual                                                                          GREP(1)
    
    NAME
           grep, egrep, fgrep, rgrep - print lines matching a pattern
    
    SYNOPSIS
           grep [OPTIONS] PATTERN [FILE...]
           grep [OPTIONS] [-e PATTERN]...  [-f FILE]...  [FILE...]
    
    DESCRIPTION
           grep  searches  the named input FILEs for lines containing a match to the given PATTERN.  If no files are specified, or if the file “-” is given, grep searches standard input.  By
           default, grep prints the matching lines.
    
           In addition, the variant programs egrep, fgrep and rgrep are the same as grep -E, grep -F, and grep -r, respectively.  These variants are deprecated, but are provided for backward
           compatibility.
    
    OPTIONS
       Generic Program Information
           --help Output a usage message and exit.
    
           -V, --version
                  Output the version number of grep and exit.
    
       Matcher Selection
           -E, --extended-regexp
                  Interpret PATTERN as an extended regular expression (ERE, see below).
    
           -F, --fixed-strings
                  Interpret PATTERN as a list of fixed strings (instead of regular expressions), separated by newlines, any of which is to be matched.
    
           -G, --basic-regexp
                  Interpret PATTERN as a basic regular expression (BRE, see below).  This is the default.
    
           -P, --perl-regexp
                  Interpret the pattern as a Perl-compatible regular expression (PCRE).  This is highly experimental and grep -P may warn of unimplemented features.
    
       Matching Control
           -e PATTERN, --regexp=PATTERN
                  Use  PATTERN  as  the pattern.  If this option is used multiple times or is combined with the -f (--file) option, search for all patterns given.  This option can be used to
                  protect a pattern beginning with “-”.
    
           -f FILE, --file=FILE
                  Obtain patterns from FILE, one per line.  If this option is used multiple times or is combined with the -e (--regexp) option, search for all patterns given.  The empty file
                  contains zero patterns, and therefore matches nothing.
    
           -i, --ignore-case
                  Ignore case distinctions in both the PATTERN and the input files.
    
           -v, --invert-match
                  Invert the sense of matching, to select non-matching lines.
    
           -w, --word-regexp
                  Select  only  those  lines  containing matches that form whole words.  The test is that the matching substring must either be at the beginning of the line, or preceded by a
                  non-word constituent character.  Similarly, it must be either at the end of the line or followed by a  non-word  constituent  character.   Word-constituent  characters  are
                  letters, digits, and the underscore.
    
           -x, --line-regexp
                  Select  only  those matches that exactly match the whole line.  For a regular expression pattern, this is like parenthesizing the pattern and then surrounding it with ^ and
                  $.
    
           -y     Obsolete synonym for -i.
    
       General Output Control
           -c, --count
                  Suppress normal output; instead print a count of matching lines for each input file.  With the -v, --invert-match option (see below), count non-matching lines.
    
           --color[=WHEN], --colour[=WHEN]
                  Surround the matched (non-empty) strings, matching lines, context lines, file names, line numbers, byte offsets, and separators (for fields and  groups  of  context  lines)
                  with  escape  sequences  to  display  them  in  color on the terminal.  The colors are defined by the environment variable GREP_COLORS.  The deprecated environment variable
                  GREP_COLOR is still supported, but its setting does not have priority.  WHEN is never, always, or auto.
    
           -L, --files-without-match
                  Suppress normal output; instead print the name of each input file from which no output would normally have been printed.  The scanning will stop on the first match.
    
           -l, --files-with-matches
                  Suppress normal output; instead print the name of each input file from which output would normally have been printed.  The scanning will stop on the first match.
    
           -m NUM, --max-count=NUM
                  Stop reading a file after NUM matching lines.  If the input is standard input from a regular file, and NUM matching lines are output, grep ensures that the  standard  input
                  is positioned to just after the last matching line before exiting, regardless of the presence of trailing context lines.  This enables a calling process to resume a search.
                  When grep stops after NUM matching lines, it outputs any trailing context lines.  When the -c or --count option is also used, grep does not output a count greater than NUM.
                  When the -v or --invert-match option is also used, grep stops after outputting NUM non-matching lines.
    
           -o, --only-matching
                  Print only the matched (non-empty) parts of a matching line, with each such part on a separate output line.
    
           -q, --quiet, --silent
                  Quiet;  do not write anything to standard output.  Exit immediately with zero status if any match is found, even if an error was detected.  Also see the -s or --no-messages
                  option.
    
           -s, --no-messages
                  Suppress error messages about nonexistent or unreadable files.
    
       Output Line Prefix Control
           -b, --byte-offset
                  Print the 0-based byte offset within the input file before each line of output.  If -o (--only-matching) is specified, print the offset of the matching part itself.
    
           -H, --with-filename
                  Print the file name for each match.  This is the default when there is more than one file to search.
    
           -h, --no-filename
                  Suppress the prefixing of file names on output.  This is the default when there is only one file (or only standard input) to search.
    
           --label=LABEL
                  Display input actually coming from standard input as input coming from file LABEL.  This is especially useful when implementing tools like zgrep, e.g., gzip  -cd  foo.gz  |
                  grep --label=foo -H something.  See also the -H option.
    
           -n, --line-number
                  Prefix each line of output with the 1-based line number within its input file.
    
           -T, --initial-tab
                  Make  sure  that  the  first character of actual line content lies on a tab stop, so that the alignment of tabs looks normal.  This is useful with options that prefix their
                  output to the actual content: -H,-n, and -b.  In order to improve the probability that lines from a single file will all start at the same column, this also causes the line
                  number and byte offset (if present) to be printed in a minimum size field width.
    
           -u, --unix-byte-offsets
                  Report  Unix-style  byte  offsets.   This switch causes grep to report byte offsets as if the file were a Unix-style text file, i.e., with CR characters stripped off.  This
                  will produce results identical to running grep on a Unix machine.  This option has no effect unless -b option is also used; it has no effect on platforms other than  MS-DOS
                  and MS-Windows.
    
           -Z, --null
                  Output  a  zero  byte  (the ASCII NUL character) instead of the character that normally follows a file name.  For example, grep -lZ outputs a zero byte after each file name
                  instead of the usual newline.  This option makes the output unambiguous, even in the presence of file names containing unusual characters like newlines.  This option can be
                  used with commands like find -print0, perl -0, sort -z, and xargs -0 to process arbitrary file names, even those that contain newline characters.
    
       Context Line Control
           -A NUM, --after-context=NUM
                  Print  NUM  lines  of  trailing  context  after  matching  lines.   Places  a  line  containing a group separator (--) between contiguous groups of matches.  With the -o or
                  --only-matching option, this has no effect and a warning is given.
    
           -B NUM, --before-context=NUM
                  Print NUM lines of leading context before matching lines.  Places a line containing a  group  separator  (--)  between  contiguous  groups  of  matches.   With  the  -o  or
                  --only-matching option, this has no effect and a warning is given.
    
           -C NUM, -NUM, --context=NUM
                  Print  NUM  lines of output context.  Places a line containing a group separator (--) between contiguous groups of matches.  With the -o or --only-matching option, this has
                  no effect and a warning is given.
    
       File and Directory Selection
           -a, --text
                  Process a binary file as if it were text; this is equivalent to the --binary-files=text option.
    
           --binary-files=TYPE
                  If the first few bytes of a file indicate that the file contains binary data, assume that the file is of type TYPE.  By default, TYPE is binary, and grep  normally  outputs
                  either  a one-line message saying that a binary file matches, or no message if there is no match.  If TYPE is without-match, grep assumes that a binary file does not match;
                  this is equivalent to the -I option.  If TYPE is text, grep processes a binary file as if it were text; this is equivalent to the -a option.  When processing  binary  data,
                  grep  may  treat  non-text  bytes  as  line  terminators;  for  example,  the  pattern '.' (period) might not match a null byte, as the null byte might be treated as a line
                  terminator.  Warning: grep --binary-files=text might output binary garbage, which can have nasty side effects if the output  is  a  terminal  and  if  the  terminal  driver
                  interprets some of it as commands.
    
           -D ACTION, --devices=ACTION
                  If  an input file is a device, FIFO or socket, use ACTION to process it.  By default, ACTION is read, which means that devices are read just as if they were ordinary files.
                  If ACTION is skip, devices are silently skipped.
    
           -d ACTION, --directories=ACTION
                  If an input file is a directory, use ACTION to process it.  By default, ACTION is read, i.e., read directories just as if they were ordinary  files.   If  ACTION  is  skip,
                  silently  skip directories.  If ACTION is recurse, read all files under each directory, recursively, following symbolic links only if they are on the command line.  This is
                  equivalent to the -r option.
    
           --exclude=GLOB
                  Skip files whose base name matches GLOB (using wildcard matching).  A file-name glob can use *, ?, and [...]  as wildcards, and \ to quote a wildcard or backslash character
                  literally.
    
           --exclude-from=FILE

### 1.3、info：比`man` 指令的更详细内容 ###

> **`info`指令是`man` 更详细内容。但man 使用起来要方便的多。一个man 只有一页，通常man中若包含的信息概要在info中也有时，会有提示：“请参考info页更详细内容”**

## 2、`passwd`：用于修改密码 ##

> **用于修改密码，先输入旧密码，再输入新密码**

![1579062434684][]

## 3、`who`：查看当前用户登录到系统的用户信息 ##

> **查看当前用户登录到系统的用户信息**

root@healerjean:~# who
    root     pts/0        2020-01-15 12:26 (106.37.187.184)

## 3、`uname`：显示当前正在使用的Linux的系统信息 ##

> 显示当前正在使用的Linux的系统信息

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>uname -a</code></td> 
   <td>all：显示全部的信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>uname -s</code></td> 
   <td>sysname ：　显示操作系统名称（Linux）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>uname -n</code></td> 
   <td>nodename：显示在网络上的主机名（healerjean）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>uname -r</code></td> 
   <td>release：操作系统的发行编号（4.4.0-117-generic）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>uname -m</code></td> 
   <td>machine：显示电脑类型（x86_64）</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 3.1、`uname -a`：显示全部的信息 ###

root@healerjean:~# uname -a
    Linux healerjean 4.4.0-117-generic #141-Ubuntu SMP Tue Mar 13 11:58:07 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

### 3.2、其他命令 ###

root@healerjean:~# uname -s
    Linux
    root@healerjean:~# uname -n
    healerjean
    root@healerjean:~# uname -r
    4.4.0-117-generic
    root@healerjean:~# uname -m
    x86_64
    root@healerjean:~#

## 4、date ：显示或设置系统时间 ##

> 显示或设置系统时间

root@healerjean:~# date
    Wed Jan 15 14:04:18 CST 2020

## 5、cal：输出日历信息 ##

> 输出日历信息

root@healerjean:~# cal
        January 2020      
    Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  
              1  2  3  4  
     5  6  7  8  9 10 11  
    12 13 14 .15. 16 17 18  
    19 20 21 22 23 24 25  
    26 27 28 29 30 31

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>月份</th> 
   <th>英文</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>一月</td> 
   <td>january</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>二月</td> 
   <td>february</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>三月</td> 
   <td>march</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>四月</td> 
   <td>april</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>五月</td> 
   <td>may</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>六月</td> 
   <td>june</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>七月</td> 
   <td>july</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>八月</td> 
   <td>august</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>九月</td> 
   <td>september</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>十月</td> 
   <td>october</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>十一月</td> 
   <td>november</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>十二月</td> 
   <td>december</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 5、su：切换登陆用户 ##

> 切换用户使用的系统，需要知道用户名和密码。
> 
> 返回使用命令：exit

## 6、`netstat`：查看端口状态 ##

> 利用`netstat`指令可让你得知整个Linux系统的网络情况。

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>netstat -a</code></td> 
   <td>列出所有连接</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>netstat -t</code></td> 
   <td>列出 TCP 协议的连接：</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>netstat -u</code></td> 
   <td>列出 UDP 协议的连接</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>netstat -n</code></td> 
   <td>禁止用反向域名解析，加快查询速度，具体看下面</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>netstat -l</code></td> 
   <td>只列出监听中的连接</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>netstat -p</code></td> 
   <td>获取进程名、进程号以及用户 ID</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 6.1、使用说明 ###

#### 6.1.1、Status ####

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>Status</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>LISTEN</strong></td> 
   <td><strong>侦听来自远方的TCP端口的连接请求</strong></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>SYN-SENT</td> 
   <td>在发送连接请求后等待匹配的连接请求（如果有大量这样的状态包，检查是否中招了）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>SYN-RECEIVED</td> 
   <td>在收到和发送一个连接请求后等待对方对连接请求的确认（如有大量此状态，估计被flood攻击了）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ESTABLISHED</td> 
   <td>代表一个打开的连接</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>FIN-WAIT-1</td> 
   <td>等待远程TCP连接中断请求，或先前的连接中断请求的确认</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>FIN-WAIT-2</td> 
   <td>从远程TCP等待连接中断请求</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>CLOSE-WAIT</td> 
   <td>等待从本地用户发来的连接中断请求</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>CLOSING</td> 
   <td>等待远程TCP对连接中断的确认</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>LAST-ACK</td> 
   <td>等待原来的发向远程TCP的连接中断请求的确认（不是什么好东西，此项出现，检查是否被攻击）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>TIME-WAIT</td> 
   <td>等待足够的时间以确保远程TCP接收到连接中断请求的确认</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>CLOSED</td> 
   <td>没有任何连接状态</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### 6.2.2、常用组合命令 ####

##### 6.2.2.1、只查询`tcp`协议、并显示进程号，禁止域名反向解析，显示状态为LISTEN的端口 #####

netstat -ntpl | grep 8080

##### 6.2.2.2、查询`tcp`和`udp`协议，并显示进程号，禁用域名反向解析 #####

netstat -anput | grep 8888

### 6.1、`netstat -a`：列出所有连接 ###

> 列出所有连接

netstat -a

root@healerjean:~# netstat -a
    Active Internet connections (servers and established)
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
    tcp        0      0 *:ssh                   *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:https                 *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:7777                  *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 localhost:9000          *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:6666                  *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 localhost:6379          *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:9999                  *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:http                  *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:tproxy                *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:8082                  *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45088        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45080        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45102        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45016        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:42858        100.100.30.25:http      ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:44990        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45074        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45066        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45032        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45082        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45056        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45036        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45062        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:44998        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45026        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:44996        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45046        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45084        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45052        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45000        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45068        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45072        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45044        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45086        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45028        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45020        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45034        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45064        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45030        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45008        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45076        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45058        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45098        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45024        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45022        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45014        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:44994        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45096        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45012        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45054        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45078        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45004        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45070        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45100        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:ssh          106.37.187.184:4775     ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45090        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:44992        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45048        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45094        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0   8400 healerjean:ssh          106.37.187.184:18710    ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45006        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45002        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45018        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45050        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:45042        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp6       0      0 [::]:mysql              [::]:*                  LISTEN     
    udp        0      0 *:bootpc                *:*                                
    udp        0      0 healerjean:ntp          *:*                                
    udp        0      0 localhost:ntp           *:*                                
    udp        0      0 *:ntp                   *:*                                
    udp6       0      0 [::]:ntp                [::]:*                             
    Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established)
    Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node   Path
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    2328429  /run/user/0/systemd/notify
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     2328430  /run/user/0/systemd/private
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     SEQPACKET  LISTENING     9292     /run/udev/control
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     11260    /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     10224    /run/uuidd/request
    unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    9051     /run/systemd/notify
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     685879   /run/systemd/private
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     9289     /run/systemd/fsck.progress
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    9290     /run/systemd/journal/syslog
    unix  10     [ ]         DGRAM                    9291     /run/systemd/journal/dev-log
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     9297     /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  6      [ ]         DGRAM                    9298     /run/systemd/journal/socket
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     230958689 /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     400046466 /usr/local/aegis/Aegis-<Guid(5A2C30A2-A87D-490A-9281-6765EDAD7CBA)>
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     400046465 /tmp/Aegis-<Guid(5A2C30A2-A87D-490A-9281-6765EDAD7CBA)>
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    2330332  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     735406   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     2330326  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     3046640  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     2328411  /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     538788633 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     735407   /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     3046639  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11837    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12567    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    410089914 
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    2328419  
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    735409   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11838    /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
    unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     537159779 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11364    
    unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    735419   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11363    
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    11360    
    unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    735420   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     538788636 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     749487   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     538788634 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     749488   /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12622    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    539128832 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12566    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11421    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12701    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11523    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12702    /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    534823795 
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    11431    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     559897   /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    9316     
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11326    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     538789484 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     560057   /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     559038   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     560056   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12648    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     685878   
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    538974267 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     538788635 
    unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     537177061 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11324    
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    2866759  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     686129   /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    750451   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     2865786  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     400046463 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     400046464 
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    11976    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     2866737  /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     752695   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     400046461 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     752698   /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     400046462

### 6.2、`netstat -t`：列出 TCP 协议的连接 ###

> 列出 TCP 协议的连接

#### 6.2.1、`netstat -t` ####

netstat -t

root@healerjean:~# netstat -t
    Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49414        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49504        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49458        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:42858        100.100.30.25:http      ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49478        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49468        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49500        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:6666         li2091-37.members:51004 TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49430        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49428        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49442        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49518        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49490        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49470        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49426        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49436        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49476        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49510        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49508        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49516        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49494        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49484        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49498        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49460        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49448        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49416        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49464        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49486        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49488        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49452        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49462        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49446        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49512        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49420        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:ssh          106.37.187.184:4775     ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49438        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49466        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49502        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49474        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49444        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0   2352 healerjean:ssh          106.37.187.184:18710    ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49432        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49456        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49454        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49492        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49506        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49520        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49514        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49440        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49434        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49472        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49424        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49422        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT

#### 6.2.2、`netstat -at` ####

netstat -at

root@healerjean:~# netstat -at
    Active Internet connections (servers and established)
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
    tcp        0      0 *:ssh                   *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:https                 *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:7777                  *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 localhost:9000          *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:6666                  *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 localhost:6379          *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:9999                  *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:http                  *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:tproxy                *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:8082                  *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47344        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47326        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47382        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47414        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47440        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47416        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:42858        100.100.30.25:http      ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47404        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47370        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47332        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47448        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47444        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47428        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47368        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47386        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47418        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47430        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47400        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47336        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47422        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47384        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47446        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47396        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47374        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47432        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47408        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47390        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47398        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47352        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47372        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47338        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47420        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47438        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47442        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47358        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47388        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47378        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47364        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47348        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47410        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47366        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47450        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47452        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47454        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47406        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47362        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47376        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47394        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47412        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47354        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47350        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47356        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:ssh          106.37.187.184:4775     ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47380        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47426        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0   7824 healerjean:ssh          106.37.187.184:18710    ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47402        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47334        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47330        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47346        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47436        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49250        100.100.27.15:3128      ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47340        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:47342        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp6       0      0 [::]:mysql              [::]:*                  LISTEN     
    root@healerjean:~#

### 6.3、`netstat -u`：列出 UDP 协议的连接 ###

#### 6.3.1、`netstat -u` ####

netstat -au

root@healerjean:~# netstat -u
    Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State

#### 6.3.2、`netstat -au` ####

netstat -au

root@healerjean:~# netstat -au
    Active Internet connections (servers and established)
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
    udp        0      0 *:bootpc                *:*                                
    udp        0      0 healerjean:ntp          *:*                                
    udp        0      0 localhost:ntp           *:*                                
    udp        0      0 *:ntp                   *:*                                
    udp6       0      0 [::]:ntp                [::]:*                             
    root@healerjean:~#

### 6.4、`netstat -n` 禁用反向域名解析，加快查询速度 ###

> 默认情况下 `netstat` 会通过反向域名解析技术查找每个 IP 地址对应的主机名。这会降低查找速度。如果你觉得 IP 地址已经足够，而没有必要知道主机名，就使用 -n 选项禁用域名解析功能。这样禁用反向域名解析，加快查询速度

#### 6.4.1、`netstat -n` ####

netstat -n

root@healerjean:~# netstat -n
    Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49748     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49804     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49794     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49722     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49726     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49716     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49788     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49802     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49750     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49714     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49774     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49738     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49820     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49740     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49790     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:42858     100.100.30.25:80        ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49818     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49696     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49700     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49796     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49768     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49732     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49808     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49780     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49760     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49742     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49728     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49754     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49702     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49800     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49746     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49730     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49806     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49708     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49786     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49792     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49718     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49724     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49704     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49782     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49762     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49758     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49710     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49776     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49744     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49798     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49736     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:22        106.37.187.184:4775     ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49770     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49812     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49822     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49778     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49810     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0   5376 172.17.39.235:22        106.37.187.184:18710    ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49734     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49772     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49706     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49712     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49764     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49766     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49698     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49814     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49756     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers)
    Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node   Path
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    2328429  /run/user/0/systemd/notify
    unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    9051     /run/systemd/notify
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    9290     /run/systemd/journal/syslog
    unix  10     [ ]         DGRAM                    9291     /run/systemd/journal/dev-log
    unix  6      [ ]         DGRAM                    9298     /run/systemd/journal/socket
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    2330332  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     735406   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     2330326  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     3046640  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     2328411  /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     538788633 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     735407   /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     3046639  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11837    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12567    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    410089914 
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    2328419  
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    735409   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11838    /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
    unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     537159779 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11364    
    unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    735419   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11363    
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    11360    
    unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    735420   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     538788636 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     749487   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     538788634 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     749488   /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12622    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    539128832 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12566    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11421    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12701    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11523    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12702    /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    534823795 
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    11431    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     559897   /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    9316     
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11326    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     538789484 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     560057   /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     559038   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     560056   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12648    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     685878   
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    538974267 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     538788635 
    unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     537177061 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11324    
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    2866759  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     686129   /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    750451   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     2865786  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     400046463 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     400046464 
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    11976    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     2866737  /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     752695   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     400046461 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     752698   /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     400046462 
    root@healerjean:~#

#### 6.4.2、`netstat -atn` ####

netstat -atn

root@healerjean:~# netstat -atn
    Active Internet connections (servers and established)
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:443             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:7777            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9000          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:6666            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6379          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:9999            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8081            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8082            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47784     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47800     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47768     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47786     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47758     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47816     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:42858     100.100.30.25:80        ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47848     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47752     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47834     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47840     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47738     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47820     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47802     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47790     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47764     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47814     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47774     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47828     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47748     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47772     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47838     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47798     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47792     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47760     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47734     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47824     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47812     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47766     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47732     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47794     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47756     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47846     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47830     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47826     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47782     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47770     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47746     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47796     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:49626     100.100.27.15:3128      ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47844     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47780     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47730     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:22        106.37.187.184:4775     ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47818     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47842     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47778     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0   8032 172.17.39.235:22        106.37.187.184:18710    ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47804     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47822     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:80        86.107.226.174:38561    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47836     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47740     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47750     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47742     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47736     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47754     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47762     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 172.17.39.235:47788     100.100.100.200:80      TIME_WAIT  
    tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN     
    root@healerjean:~#

### 6.5、`netstat -l`：只列出监听中的连接 ###

> 任何网络服务的后台进程都会打开一个端口，用于监听接入的请求。这些正在监听的套接字也和连接的套接字一样，也能被 `netstat` 列出来。使用 -l 选项列出正在监听的套接字。

#### 6.5.1、`netstat -l` ####

netstat -l

root@healerjean:~# netstat -l
    Active Internet connections (only servers)
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
    tcp        0      0 *:ssh                   *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:https                 *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:7777                  *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 localhost:9000          *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:6666                  *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 localhost:6379          *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:9999                  *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:http                  *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:tproxy                *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:8082                  *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp6       0      0 [::]:mysql              [::]:*                  LISTEN     
    udp        0      0 *:bootpc                *:*                                
    udp        0      0 healerjean:ntp          *:*                                
    udp        0      0 localhost:ntp           *:*                                
    udp        0      0 *:ntp                   *:*                                
    udp6       0      0 [::]:ntp                [::]:*                             
    Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
    Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node   Path
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     2328430  /run/user/0/systemd/private
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     SEQPACKET  LISTENING     9292     /run/udev/control
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     11260    /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     10224    /run/uuidd/request
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     685879   /run/systemd/private
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     9289     /run/systemd/fsck.progress
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     9297     /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     230958689 /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     400046466 /usr/local/aegis/Aegis-<Guid(5A2C30A2-A87D-490A-9281-6765EDAD7CBA)>
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     400046465 /tmp/Aegis-<Guid(5A2C30A2-A87D-490A-9281-6765EDAD7CBA)>

#### 6.5.2、`netstat -al`： 这里的结果就有点不科学了，所以使用-l就不要用-a命令了吧 ####

root@healerjean:~# netstat -al
    Active Internet connections (servers and established)
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
    tcp        0      0 *:ssh                   *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:https                 *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:7777                  *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 localhost:9000          *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:6666                  *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 localhost:6379          *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:9999                  *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:http                  *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:tproxy                *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 *:8082                  *:*                     LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50050        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49956        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50012        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50060        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49970        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50014        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50072        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49958        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50022        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50048        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49972        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50054        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:42858        100.100.30.25:http      ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49994        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50002        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50026        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50018        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49990        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50068        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50062        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50064        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50078        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49964        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50016        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49986        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:51836        100.100.27.15:3128      ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49988        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49968        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49952        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50044        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50066        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50004        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50010        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50024        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50076        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50038        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49996        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50056        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49962        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50058        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50000        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49998        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49980        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50040        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49960        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 localhost:9999          localhost:48164         TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50032        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50036        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49978        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:ssh          106.37.187.184:4775     ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50028        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50070        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49984        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50046        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0   6784 healerjean:ssh          106.37.187.184:18710    ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50006        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49954        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50080        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50052        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49976        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49966        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50030        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:49992        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT  
    tcp6       0      0 [::]:mysql              [::]:*                  LISTEN     
    udp        0      0 *:bootpc                *:*                                
    udp        0      0 healerjean:ntp          *:*                                
    udp        0      0 localhost:ntp           *:*                                
    udp        0      0 *:ntp                   *:*                                
    udp6       0      0 [::]:ntp                [::]:*                             
    Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established)
    Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node   Path
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    2328429  /run/user/0/systemd/notify
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     2328430  /run/user/0/systemd/private
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     SEQPACKET  LISTENING     9292     /run/udev/control
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     11260    /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     10224    /run/uuidd/request
    unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    9051     /run/systemd/notify
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     685879   /run/systemd/private
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     9289     /run/systemd/fsck.progress
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    9290     /run/systemd/journal/syslog
    unix  10     [ ]         DGRAM                    9291     /run/systemd/journal/dev-log
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     9297     /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  6      [ ]         DGRAM                    9298     /run/systemd/journal/socket
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     230958689 /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     400046466 /usr/local/aegis/Aegis-<Guid(5A2C30A2-A87D-490A-9281-6765EDAD7CBA)>
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     400046465 /tmp/Aegis-<Guid(5A2C30A2-A87D-490A-9281-6765EDAD7CBA)>
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    2330332  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     735406   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     2330326  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     3046640  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     2328411  /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     538788633 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     735407   /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     3046639  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11837    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12567    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    410089914 
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    2328419  
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    735409   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11838    /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
    unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     537159779 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11364    
    unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    735419   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11363    
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    11360    
    unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    735420   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     538788636 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     749487   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     538788634 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     749488   /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12622    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    539128832 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12566    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11421    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12701    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11523    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12702    /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    534823795 
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    11431    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     559897   /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    9316     
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11326    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     538789484 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     560057   /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     559038   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     560056   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12648    /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     685878   
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    538974267 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     538788635 
    unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     537177061 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11324    
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    2866759  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     686129   /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    750451   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     2865786  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     400046463 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     400046464 
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    11976    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     2866737  /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     752695   
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     400046461 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     752698   /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     400046462 
    root@healerjean:~#

#### 6.5.3、`netstat -tnl` ####

netstat -tnl

root@healerjean:~# netstat -tnl 
    Active Internet connections (only servers)
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:443             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:7777            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9000          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:6666            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6379          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:9999            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8081            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8082            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
    tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN

### 6.6、`netstat -p`：获取进程名、进程号以及用户 ID ###

#### 6.6.1、`netstat -p`：获取进程名、进程号以及用户 ID ####

netstat -p

root@healerjean:~# netstat -p
    Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:52226        100.100.27.15:3128      ESTABLISHED 31604/CmsGoAgent-Wo
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50366        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50284        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50312        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50406        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50372        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50294        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:7777         scan-145.security:45342 TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50364        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50382        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50282        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50350        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:42858        100.100.30.25:http      ESTABLISHED 12165/AliYunDun 
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50362        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50308        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50386        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50346        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50388        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50314        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50360        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50408        100.100.100.200:http    ESTABLISHED 595/aliyun-service
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50392        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50324        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50338        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50358        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50302        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50320        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50292        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50380        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50342        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50310        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50304        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50356        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50394        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50384        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50396        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50340        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50398        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50280        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50290        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50300        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50318        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50370        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50378        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50402        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50376        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50390        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50316        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50322        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50286        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50344        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50404        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50296        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50352        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50306        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50288        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0   2048 healerjean:ssh          106.37.187.184:18710    ESTABLISHED 29062/2         
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50348        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50374        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50354        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    tcp        0      0 healerjean:50334        100.100.100.200:http    TIME_WAIT   -               
    Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers)
    Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node   PID/Program name    Path
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    2328429  30717/systemd       /run/user/0/systemd/notify
    unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    9051     1/systemd           /run/systemd/notify
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    9290     1/systemd           /run/systemd/journal/syslog
    unix  9      [ ]         DGRAM                    9291     1/systemd           /run/systemd/journal/dev-log
    unix  6      [ ]         DGRAM                    9298     1/systemd           /run/systemd/journal/socket
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    2330332  30718/(sd-pam)      
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     735406   26511/systemd-udevd 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     2330326  30717/systemd       
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     3046640  28619/php-fpm.conf) 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     2328411  1/systemd           /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     538788633 28170/nginx.conf    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     735407   1/systemd           /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     3046639  28619/php-fpm.conf) 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11837    492/accounts-daemon 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12567    1/systemd           /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    410089914 29170/mysqld        
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    2328419  30717/systemd       
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    735409   26511/systemd-udevd 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11838    469/dbus-daemon     /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
    unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     537159779 25044/java          
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11364    469/dbus-daemon     
    unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    735419   26511/systemd-udevd 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11363    469/dbus-daemon     
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    11360    469/dbus-daemon     
    unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    735420   26511/systemd-udevd 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     538788636 28170/nginx.conf    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     749487   28341/uuidd         
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     538788634 28170/nginx.conf    
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     749488   1/systemd           /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12622    1/systemd           /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    539128832 29062/2             
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12566    490/systemd-logind  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11421    492/accounts-daemon 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12701    490/systemd-logind  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11523    510/cron            
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12702    469/dbus-daemon     /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    534823795 1/systemd           
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    11431    490/systemd-logind  
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     559897   1/systemd           /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    9316     190/systemd-journal 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11326    1/systemd           /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     538789484 28178/java          
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     560057   469/dbus-daemon     /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     559038   21061/python3       
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     560056   21061/python3       
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     12648    1/systemd           /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     685878   1/systemd           
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     538788635 28170/nginx.conf    
    unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     539222767 28178/java          
    unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     537177061 25044/java          
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     11324    469/dbus-daemon     
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    2866759  31595/CmsGoAgent.li 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     686129   469/dbus-daemon     /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    750451   28432/ntpd          
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     2865786  31595/CmsGoAgent.li 
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     400046463 12165/AliYunDun     
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     400046464 12165/AliYunDun     
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    11976    641/dhclient        
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     2866737  1/systemd           /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     752695   28575/sshd          
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     400046461 12165/AliYunDun     
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     752698   1/systemd           /run/systemd/journal/stdout
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     400046462 12165/AliYunDun     
    root@healerjean:~#

#### 6.6.2、`netstat -tnpl` ####

netstat -tnpl

root@healerjean:~# netstat -tnpl
    Active Internet connections (only servers)
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      28575/sshd      
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:443             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      28170/nginx.conf
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:7777            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      28178/java      
    tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9000          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      28619/php-fpm.conf)
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:6666            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      28170/nginx.conf
    tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6379          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      21426/redis-server 
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:9999            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      25044/java      
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      28170/nginx.conf
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8081            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      28170/nginx.conf
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8082            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      28170/nginx.conf
    tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      29170/mysqld

## 7、ls：显示文件 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>ls -a</code></td> 
   <td>查询所有文件和文件夹，包括隐藏的文件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>ls -l</code></td> 
   <td>详细列表，不包含隐藏文件，也可以ls -l缩写为 ll</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>ls -al</code></td> 
   <td>全部文件（包括隐藏文件）的详细列表</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>ls -h</code></td> 
   <td>友好的文件展示(大小会显示K)，或者<code>ls - lh</code> 、<code>ll -h</code></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 7.1、`ls -a`：查询所有文件和文件夹，包括隐藏的文件 ###

> 查询所有文件和文件夹，包括隐藏的文件

![1579071854279][]

### 7.2、`ls -l`：详细列表，不包含隐藏文件，也可以ls -l缩写为 ll ###

> 详细列表，不包含隐藏文件，也可以ls -l缩写为 ll

![1579071900913][]

### 7.3、`ls -al`：全部文件（包括隐藏文件）的详细列表 ###

![1579071959710][]

### 7.4、`ls -l`：-h 友好显示 或者ls - lh ll -h ###

![1579071984884][]

### 7.5、`ls -l /etc`：查看其它目录下的详细列表 ###

![1579072020001][]

## 8、查看文件 ##

### 8.1、`cat`：显示文件命令 ###

#### 8.1.1、`cat filename` ：显示文件内容 ####

> 显示文件内容

cat iku-client.stdout.log

root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs/iku/iku-client# cat iku-client.stdout.log 
    
      .   ____          _            __ _ _
     /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
     \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
      ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.1.5.RELEASE) 2020-01-15 10:37:29 INFO -[ ]- Starting IkuClientApplication v1.0.0-SNAPSHOT on healerjean with PID 28178 (/usr/local/service/app/iku/iku-client/iku-client.jar started by root in /usr/local/service/app/iku/iku-client) com.healerjean.proj.IkuClientApplication.logStarting[50] 2020-01-15 10:37:29 INFO -[ ]- The following profiles are active: prod com.healerjean.proj.IkuClientApplication.logStartupProfileInfo[679] 2020-01-15 10:37:30 INFO -[ ]- Multiple Spring Data modules found, entering strict repository configuration mode! org.springframework.data.repository.config.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate.multipleStoresDetected[244] 2020-01-15 10:37:30 INFO -[ ]- Bootstrapping Spring Data repositories in DEFAULT mode. org.springframework.data.repository.config.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate.registerRepositoriesIn[126] 2020-01-15 10:37:31 INFO -[ ]- Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 278ms. Found 10 repository interfaces. org.springframework.data.repository.config.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate.registerRepositoriesIn[182] 2020-01-15 10:37:31 WARN -[ ]- No MyBatis mapper was found in '[com.healerjean.proj]' package. Please check your configuration. org.mybatis.spring.mapper.ClassPathMapperScanner.doScan[166]
    2020-01-15 10:37:31 INFO  -[                                ]- Multiple Spring Data modules found, entering strict repository configuration mode! org.springframework.data.repository.config.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate.multipleStoresDetected[244]
    2020-01-15 10:37:31 INFO  -[                                ]- Bootstrapping Spring Data repositories in DEFAULT mode. org.springframework.data.repository.config.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate.registerRepositoriesIn[126]
    2020-01-15 10:37:31 INFO  -[                                ]- Spring Data Redis - Could not safely identify store assignment for repository candidate "com.healerjean.proj.data.repository.item.ItemAdzoneRefRepository". org.sprin

#### 8.1.2、`cat -n filename` ：显示文件内容，并加上行号 ####

> 显示文件内容，并加上行号

root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs/iku/iku-client# cat -n iku-client.stdout.log 
         1
         2    .   ____          _            __ _ _
         3   /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ 4 ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
         5   \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
         6    '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
         7   =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
         8   :: Spring Boot ::        (v2.1.5.RELEASE)
         9
        10  2020-01-15 10:37:29 INFO  -[                                ]- Starting IkuClientApplication v1.0.0-SNAPSHOT on healerjean with PID 28178 (/usr/local/service/app/iku/iku-client/iku-client.jar started by root in /usr/local/service/app/iku/iku-client) com.healerjean.proj.IkuClientApplication.logStarting[50]
        11  2020-01-15 10:37:29 INFO  -[                                ]- The following profiles are active: prod com.healerjean.proj.IkuClientApplication.logStartupProfileInfo[679]
        12  2020-01-15 10:37:30 INFO  -[                                ]- Multiple Spring Data modules found, entering strict repository configuration mode! org.springframework.data.repository.config.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate.multipleStoresDetected[244]
        13  2020-01-15 10:37:30 INFO  -[                                ]- Bootstrapping Spring Data repositories in DEFAULT mode. org.springframework.data.repository.config.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate.registerRepositoriesIn[126]
        14  2020-01-15 10:37:31 INFO  -[                                ]- Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 278ms. Found 10 repository interfaces. org.springframework.data.repository.config.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate.registerRepositoriesIn[182]
        15  2020-01-15 10:37:3

### 8.2、tail ：从末尾接着看 ###

> shell中经常用，用来显示屏幕中的进度，一般用来实时浏览日志

tail -f filename
    tail -500f filename  显示多少行

## 9、`cp`：复制命令 ##

> 不加`-r`或者`-R`的时候,只拷贝文件,不拷贝文件夹;加上后则会拷贝文件夹——包括下一级的子文件夹,以及子文件夹中的子文件夹,余此类…

### 9.1、`cp originFileNmae newFileName` ：复制文件 ###

cp test.txt  cp.txt

root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs/iku/iku-client# ll
    total 48
    drwxrwxrwx 2 root root  4096 Jan 15 15:20 ./
    drwxrwxrwx 4 root root  4096 Jan 14 18:45 ../
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Jan 15 10:37 iku-client.error
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35435 Jan 15 14:59 iku-client.stdout.log
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     6 Jan 15 15:20 test.txt
    root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs/iku/iku-client# cp test.txt cp.txt
    root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs/iku/iku-client# ll
    total 52
    drwxrwxrwx 2 root root  4096 Jan 15 15:20 ./
    drwxrwxrwx 4 root root  4096 Jan 14 18:45 ../
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     6 Jan 15 15:20 cp.txt
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Jan 15 10:37 iku-client.error
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35435 Jan 15 14:59 iku-client.stdout.log
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     6 Jan 15 15:20 test.txt
    root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs/iku/iku-client#

### 9.2、`cp conf -r /use/local` ：复制目录 ###

## 10、rm：删除命令 ##

### 10.1、`rm filename`：删除文件 ###

rm test.txt

root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs/iku/iku-client# ll
    total 44
    drwxrwxrwx 2 root root  4096 Jan 15 15:13 ./
    drwxrwxrwx 4 root root  4096 Jan 14 18:45 ../
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Jan 15 10:37 iku-client.error
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35435 Jan 15 14:59 iku-client.stdout.log
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Jan 15 15:14 test.txt
    root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs/iku/iku-client# rm test.txt 
    root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs/iku/iku-client# ll
    total 44
    drwxrwxrwx 2 root root  4096 Jan 15 15:19 ./
    drwxrwxrwx 4 root root  4096 Jan 14 18:45 ../
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Jan 15 10:37 iku-client.error
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35435 Jan 15 14:59 iku-client.stdout.log

### 10.2、`rm -rf 目录名字`：删除目录 ###

> `-r` ：就是向下递归，不管有多少级目录，一并删除  
> `-f` ：就是直接强行删除，不作任何提示的意思

rm -rf conf

root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs/iku/iku-client# ll
    total 56
    drwxrwxrwx 3 root root  4096 Jan 15 15:22 ./
    drwxrwxrwx 4 root root  4096 Jan 14 18:45 ../
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Jan 15 15:22 conf/
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     6 Jan 15 15:20 cp.txt
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Jan 15 10:37 iku-client.error
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35435 Jan 15 14:59 iku-client.stdout.log
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     6 Jan 15 15:20 test.txt
    root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs/iku/iku-client# rm -rf conf
    root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs/iku/iku-client# ll
    total 52
    drwxrwxrwx 2 root root  4096 Jan 15 15:22 ./
    drwxrwxrwx 4 root root  4096 Jan 14 18:45 ../
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     6 Jan 15 15:20 cp.txt
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Jan 15 10:37 iku-client.error
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35435 Jan 15 14:59 iku-client.stdout.log
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     6 Jan 15 15:20 test.txt
    root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs/iku/iku-client#

## 11、解压 ##

### 11.1、tar、解压tar文件 ###

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>z</td> 
   <td>表示 tar 包是被 gzip 压缩过的，所以解压时需要用 gunzip 解压</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>x</td> 
   <td>从 tar 包中把文件提取出来</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>v</td> 
   <td>显示详细信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>f xxx.tar.gz</td> 
   <td>指定被处理的文件是 xxx.tar.gz</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>C</td> 
   <td>压缩到指定目录</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### 11.1.1、当前目录解压 ####

tar -zxvf jdk.tar.gz

![1579073150211][]

#### 11.1.2、解压到指定目录 ####

tar -zxvf jdk.tar.gz  -C /usr/local

### 11.2、unzip、zip：zip文件 ###

#### 11…2.1、`unzip filename.zip`解压 ####

unzip filename.zip

#### 11.2.2、`zip new.zip filename`：压缩 ####

zip scf-m.zip scf-m

## 12、`chmod`：权限改变 ##

### 12.1、who：用户、组、其他用户、所有用户，以及文件权限 ###

> u 用户，g 组，o 其它，a 所有用户(默认)

![1579073790852][]

![1579074148387][]

### 12.2、opcode ###

> \+增加权限，- 删除权限，= 重新分配权限

### 12.3、permission ###

> r 读，w 写，x 执行，s设置用户(或组)的ID号t设置粘着位(sticky bit)，防止文件或目录被非属主删除

### 12.4、数字 ###

> 作为选择，我们多数用三位八进制数字的形式来表示权限
> 
> 第一位指定属主的权限，第二位指定组权限，第三位指定其他用户的权限，**每位通过4(读)、2(写)、1(执行)三种数值的和来确定权限**。如6(4+2)代表有读写权，7(4+2+1)有读、写和执行的权限。

还可设置第四位，它位于三位权限序列的前面，第四位数字取值是4，2，1，代表意思如下：

4，执行时设置用户ID，用于授权给基于文件属主的进程，而不是给创建此进程的用户。

2，执行时设置用户组ID，用于授权给基于文件所在组的进程，而不是基于创建此进程的用户。

1，设置粘着位。

### 12.5、举例 ###

#### 12.5.1、多案例 ####

chmod u+x file                　　　   给file的属主增加执行权限
    chmod 751 file                　　　   给file的属主分配读、写、执行(7)的权限，给file的所在组分配读、执行(5)的权限，给其他用户分配执行(1)的权限
    chmod u=rwx,g=rx,o=x file      上例的另一种形式
    chmod =r file                 　　　　为所有用户分配读权限
    chmod 444 file              　　　　 同上
    chmod a-wx,a+r   file   　　 　   同上例
    chmod -R u+r directory       　   递归地给directory目录下所有文件和子目录的属主分配读的权限
    chmod u+x *.sh                    给bin中所有的sh授予执行权限

#### 12.5.2、自己内测 ####

**1、新建一个文件txt.txt**

![1579073977233][]

**2、`chmod u=rwx txt.txt`**

![1579073997208][]

**3、这个时候可以看到root用户以及拥有了读写执行的权限，但是其他组、用户只有可读权限，也就是说和`healerjean`组是删除不了这个用户的，只能给组赋值才能够删除这个txt.txt文件**

![1579074041546][]

**4、给组`healerjean`授予权限（这里全部赋予最高，就可以了看到`txt.txt`的锁消失了）**

![1579074065725][]

## 13、`sudo`：让普通用户执行一些或者全部的root命令 ##

### 13.1、将用户添加到sudo配置文件中 ###

##### **13.1.1、提示下文，原因是用户没有加入到sudo的配置文件里** #####

![1579074278404][]

##### 13.1.2、添加用户进入sudo配置文件 #####

**2.1、切换到root用户下**

![1579074322488][]

**2.2、添加sudo文件的写权限,命令是:**

chmod u+w /etc/sudoers

**2.3、编辑sudoers文件，找到这行 root ALL=(ALL) ALL,在他下面添加xxx ALL=(ALL) ALL (这里的xxx是你的用户名)**

vi /etc/sudoers

![1579074464044][]

解释：:这里说下你可以sudoers添加下面四行中任意一条
    youuser            ALL=(ALL)                ALL
    %youuser           ALL=(ALL)                ALL
    youuser            ALL=(ALL)                NOPASSWD: ALL
    %youuser           ALL=(ALL)                NOPASSWD: ALL
    
    第一行:允许用户youuser执行sudo命令(需要输入密码).
    第二行:允许用户组youuser里面的用户执行sudo命令(需要输入密码).
    第三行:允许用户youuser执行sudo命令,并且在执行的时候不输入密码.
    第四行:允许用户组youuser里面的用户执行sudo命令,并且在执行的时候不输入密码.

##### 13.1.3、这样普通用户就可以使用sudo了 #####

## 14、`mv`：移动文件、目录 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>mv</code> 文件名 文件名</td> 
   <td>将源文件名改为目标文件名</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>mv</code>文件名 目录名</td> 
   <td>将文件移动到目标目录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>mv</code> 目录名 目录名</td> 
   <td>目标目录已存在，将源目录<br>移动到目标目录；目标<br>目录不存在则改名</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 15、`cd`：切换当前工作路径 ##

### 15.1、命令使用 ###

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>cd ../</code>和<code>cd .,</code></td> 
   <td>上一层目录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>cd ~</code></td> 
   <td>当前用户目录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>cd -</code></td> 
   <td>上一次访问的目录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>cd /</code></td> 
   <td>跟目录</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 16、`mkdir`：创建目录 ##

### 16.1、级联创建目录 ###

#### 16.1.1、先创建t1，再创建t2 ####

mkdir t1/t2

![1579074939392][]

#### 16.1.2、直接动态创建目录 ####

mkdir -p t1/t2

![1579075077111][]

## 17、vi/vim：编辑文件 ##

### 17.1、退出的几种 ###

1、q! 不保存强制退出
    2、wq 保存并退出
    3、q 不保存，退出
    4、w保存，不退出
    
    
    5、凡是有！都是强制
    5.1、wq! 保存强制退出
    5.2、w! 强制保存，不退出
    5.3、q! 不保存，强制退出

### 17.2、选中删除，vi是不能用的，vim可以 ###

gg 让光标移到首行， 
    V  是进入Visual(可视）模式 ,可以移动上下移动位置，选中内容以后就可以其他的操作了
    G  光标移到最后一行
    d  删除选中内容

## 18、ps：查看进程 ##

### 18.1、`ps -ef` ：查询进程 ###

#### 18.1.1、返回格式说明 ####

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>格式</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>UID</code></td> 
   <td>进程是被哪个用户打开的<br>root用户几乎可以杀死所有的进程</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>PID</code></td> 
   <td>进程Id，linux只有知道这个id才能杀死进程</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>cmd</code></td> 
   <td>表明进程对应的程序，或者程序的位置</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### 18.1.2、测试 ####

##### 18.1.2.1、查询某个应用的进程 #####

ps -ef | grep scf-client

[work@vm10-123-3-2 ~]$ ps -ef | grep scf-client
    work     12523     1  0 Jan02 ?        00:53:18 /usr/local/service/app/scf/scf-client/jdk1.8.0_202/bin/java -Xmn128M -Xmx512M -Xms256M -XX:MaxPermSize=128M -XX:PermSize=128M -XX:SurvivorRatio=8 -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSFullGCsBeforeCompaction=50 -XX:+UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection -XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=10 -verbose:gc -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=8383 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false -Xloggc:/usr/local/service/log/scf/scf-client/gc.log -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=19136 -Dlog4j2.isThreadContextMapInheritable=true -Djava.util.logging.manager=com.caucho.log.LogManagerImpl -Djava.system.class.loader=com.caucho.loader.SystemClassLoader -Djava.endorsed.dirs=/usr/local/service/app/scf/scf-client/jdk1.8.0_202/jre/lib/endorsed:/usr/local/service/app/scf/scf-client/resin-pro-4.0.58/endorsed -Djavax.management.builder.initial=com.caucho.jmx.MBeanServerBuilderImpl -Djava.awt.headless=true -Dresin.home=/usr/local/service/app/s

## 19、kill：杀死进程 ##

kill -9 pid   pid为进程号

## 20、关机 ##

### 20.1、`reboot`：重启命令 ###

### 20.2、`halt`：直接关机命令 ###

## 21、Linux软件安装 ##

### 21.1、`yum` ：centos安装软件命令 ###

#### 21.1.1、`yum list`： 查看远程服务器的可安装软件列表 ####

yum list

文件名（软件包名） 版本 容器的名称

![1579076065591][]

#### 21.1.2、`yum search 关键字`： 搜索服务器商所有和关键字相关的软件包 ####

yum search java

![1579076103493][]

#### 21.1.3、`yum -y install 包名` ：安装软件 ####

> 安装软件 ，命令-y ：自动回答yes

**测试：安装一个gcc的c语言的编译器，这里我的不知道为什么早就安装好了**

![1579076221431][]

#### 21.1.4、`yum -y update 包名` ：更新软件 ####

> **千万记得输入包名，不输入的话，会导致更新所有的东西，这样会导致linux内核改变，造成不必要的损失**

![1579076303502][]

#### 21.1.5、`yum -y remove 包名`：卸载软件 ####

#### 21.1.6、注意点 ####

**yum的更新和卸载一般不要使用。用什么装什么。不要轻易使用**

### 21.2、rpm：centos安装软件命令 ###

#### 21.2.1、其他组合命令 ####

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-a</td> 
   <td>查询所有套件。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>–nodeps</td> 
   <td>不验证套件档的相互关联性</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-i</td> 
   <td>查询安装信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-l</td> 
   <td>安装的位置 ，查看安装的位置</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-f</td> 
   <td>查看系统文件属于哪个包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-h</td> 
   <td>（hash）显示进度（安装时候使用）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-v</td> 
   <td>显示安装过程的的信息（控制台打印的内容）</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### 21.2.2、`rpm -q`：查询模式 ####

##### 21.2.1.1、`rpm -qa`：查看本机是否有java软件 #####

rpm -qa | grep java

[work@vm10-123-3-2 ~]$ rpm -qa | grep java
    tzdata-java-2016g-2.el7.noarch
    javapackages-tools-3.4.1-11.el7.noarch
    nuxwdog-client-java-1.0.3-5.el7.x86_64
    python-javapackages-3.4.1-11.el7.noarch

##### 21.2.1.2、`rpm -qi`：查看软件的详细信息 #####

rpm -qi gcc

[work@vm10-123-3-2 ~]$ rpm -qi gcc
    Name        : gcc
    Version     : 4.8.5
    Release     : 11.el7
    Architecture: x86_64
    Install Date: Fri 30 Jun 2017 08:47:54 AM CST
    Group       : Development/Languages
    Size        : 39227971
    License     : GPLv3+ and GPLv3+ with exceptions and GPLv2+ with exceptions and LGPLv2+ and BSD
    Signature   : RSA/SHA256, Mon 21 Nov 2016 01:46:14 AM CST, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5
    Source RPM  : gcc-4.8.5-11.el7.src.rpm
    Build Date  : Sat 05 Nov 2016 12:01:22 AM CST
    Build Host  : worker1.bsys.centos.org
    Relocations : (not relocatable)
    Packager    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
    Vendor      : CentOS
    URL         : http://gcc.gnu.org
    Summary     : Various compilers (C, C++, Objective-C, Java, ...)
    Description :
    The gcc package contains the GNU Compiler Collection version 4.8.
    You'll need this package in order to compile C code.

##### 21.2.1.3、`rpm -ql`：查看软件的安装位置 #####

rpm -ql gcc

[work@vm10-123-3-2 ~]$ rpm -ql gcc
    /usr/bin/c89
    /usr/bin/c99
    /usr/bin/cc
    /usr/bin/gcc
    /usr/bin/gcc-ar
    /usr/bin/gcc-nm
    /usr/bin/gcc-ranlib
    /usr/bin/gcov
    /usr/bin/x86_64-redhat-linux-gcc
    /usr/lib/gcc
    /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux
    /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2
    /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32
    /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/crtbegin.o
    /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/crtbeginS.o
    /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/crtbeginT.o
    /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/crtend.o
    /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/crtendS.o
    /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.2/32/crtfastmath.o

##### 21.2.1.4、`rpm -qf`：查看软件属于哪个包 #####

[work@vm10-123-3-2 ~]$ rpm -qf /usr/bin/gcc-ranlib
    gcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64

#### 21.2.3、`rpm -i`：安装模式 ####

> 缺少依赖就会报错，这样缺少哪个就安装哪个,所以不如yum命令和apt-get命令方便

rpm -ivh http-

#### 21.2.4、`rpm -e`：删除模式 ####

rpm -e --nodeps python-javapackages-3.4.1-11.el7.noarch

### 21.3、yum和rpm命令区别 ###

1、rpm是由红帽公司开发的软件包管理方式，**使用rpm我们可以方便的进行软件的安装、查询、卸载、升级等工作。但是rpm软件包之间的依赖性问题往往会很繁琐,尤其是软件由多个rpm包组成时。**

2、Yum（全称为 Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是一个在Fedora和RedHat以及SUSE中的Shell前端软件包管理器。**基於RPM包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软体包，无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装**

### 21.4、`apt-get`：Ubuntu 安装软件 ###

#### 21.4.1、apt-get update：更新 ####

#### 21.4.2、apt-get install nginx ：安装ngingx ####

#### 21.4.3、apt-get remove openjdk ：卸载openjdk ####

## 22、wget：下载文件 ##

wget http://sw.bos.baidu.com/sw-search-sp/software/991c736e7065f/BaiduNetdisk_5.6.2.1.exe

![1579077664228][]

## 23、`ping`、`nslookup`、`telent` ##

### 23.1、`nslookup`和`ping` ###

> ping出来的是一台服务器的IP，（如果有多台服务器，则随机出现ip而nslookup是查看该域名有哪几台服务器提供服务，很多公司都使用了负载均衡技术，将用户的访问随机定到某一台服务器上，所以你ping的可能有时候不一样，而nslookup则能看到所有提供服务的服务器

![1579078008956][]

### 23.2、`telnet` ###

#### 23.2.1、`telnet ip port`查某个端口是否打开 ####

telnet  39.97.176.134 6666

## 24、用户，组的添加 ##

### 24.1、`groupadd` ：添加用户组 ###

groupadd mysql

### 24.2、`useradd`：添加用户到用户组 ###

添加用户mysql(第一个为用户) 到用户组mysql 
    useradd -g mysql mysql

### 24.3、`chown -R` 修改当前目录的拥有者为其他用户 ###

修改当前目录mysql拥有者为mysql用户,mysql组
    chown -R mysql:mysql ./
    
    
    修改目录/usr/weblogic拥有者为weblogic用户，weblogic组 ,后面的路径表示目录（参考MySQL安装）
    chown  -R weblogic:weblogic /usr/weblogic
    
    
    修改test.xml的用户为weblogic
    chown weblogic test.xml

## 25、环境变量的配置 ##

### 25.1、`java` ###

export MYSQL_HOME="/usr/local/mysql"
    export PATH="$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin"
    
    JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java1.7.0_80
    JRE_HOME=/usr/local/java1.7.0_80/jre 
    PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
    export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME PATH

### 25.2、`mysql` ###

#mysql
    export MYSQL_HOME="/usr/local/mysql-5.7.21-macos10.13-x86_64"
    export PATH="$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin"
    
    #maven java 安装自动已经具备了
    export M2_HOME="/Library/apache-maven-3.3.9"
    export PATH="$M2_HOME/bin:$PATH"

## 26、执行 sh文件 ##

### 26.1、相对路径 ###

#### 26.1.1、直接./加上文件名.sh（hello.sh必须有x权限） ####

#### 26.1.2、直接sh 加上文件名.sh（hello.sh可以没有x权限） ####

./hello.sh
    sh hello.sh

### 26.2、绝对路径 ###

./home/test/shell/hello.sh
    /home/test/shell/hello.sh 
    sh /home/test/shell/hello.sh
    环境变量可以，直接写hello.sh

## 27、ssh：连接服务器 ##

> **记得输入yes，之后会要求输入密码**

ssh root@192.168.1.1 -p 27505

![1579078612517][]

## 28、`sed`：替换字符串 ##

### 28.1、`sed -i` ：直接对文本文件进行操作的 ###

sed -i 's/原字符串/新字符串/' /home/1.txt     //只替每行的第一个
    sed -i 's/原字符串/新字符串/g' /home/1.txt    //替换所有的

**这两条命令的区别就是，看示例吧**

#cat 1.txt
    d
    ddd
    #ff

sed -i 's/d/7523/' /home/1.txt
    执行结果
    7523
    7523dd
    #ff

sed -i 's/d/7523/g' /home/1.txt
    执行结果
    7523
    752375237523
    #ff

### 28.2、删除字符串 ###

sed -i '/字符串/d' file

## 29、上传、下载 ##

### 29.1、`scp`：命令上传、 下载 ###

#### 29.1.1、下载文件 ####

scp username@servername:/path/filename /var/www/local_dir（本地目录）

#### 29.1.2、下载目录 ####

scp -r username@servername:/var/www/remote_dir/（远程目录） /var/www/local_dir（本地目录）

#### 29.1.3、上传文件 ####

scp -r filename username@servername:remote_dir

#### 29.1.3、上传目录 ####

scp -r local_dir username@servername:remote_dir

### 29.2、`sz`、`rz`软件和命令上传、下载 ###

> 远程连接Linux服务器进行操作时总会需要上传、下载文件。要实现这个目的，既可以通过FTP的方式， 也可以在本地终端使用scp命令。
> 
> **但如果是使用Xshell等工具操作服务器的话，最简单的方法就是其自带支持的`sz`、`rz`命令了。**

#### 29.2.1、`sz`：下载 ####

> `sz –be filename`
> 
> \-a 以文本方式传输（ascii）。
> 
> \-b 以二进制方式传输（binary）。

#### 29.2.2、`rz`：上传 ####

rz –be

## 30、软链接、硬链接 ##

### 30.1、`ln -s`软链接(相当于还是原来的文件) ###

> 就是一个快捷方式和我们常见的快捷方式一模一样

ln -s 绝对路径 绝对路径/相对路径

#### 30.1.1、软连接是文件的时候 ####

##### 30.1.1.1、删除 #####

1、删除软链接文件，源文件没有任何影响

2、删除源文件，软链接文件不可用（linux 文件查看颜色会从正常的颜色，变成红色）,如下

root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs# ll
    total 20
    drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 Jan 15 17:52 ./
    drwxrwxrwx 5 root root 4096 Jan 14 18:52 ../
    drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 Jan 14 18:45 iku/
    drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Jan 14 19:19 nginx/
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   32 Jan 15 17:52 test2.txt -> /usr/local/service/logs/test.txt
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  103 Jan 15 17:50 test.txt
    
    root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs# rm test.txt 
    
    root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs# ll
    total 16
    drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 Jan 15 17:52 ./
    drwxrwxrwx 5 root root 4096 Jan 14 18:52 ../
    drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 Jan 14 18:45 iku/
    drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Jan 14 19:19 nginx/
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   32 Jan 15 17:52 test2.txt -> /usr/local/service/logs/test.txt
    
    root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs# cat test2.txt 
    cat: test2.txt: No such file or directory
    
    root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs#

##### 30.1.1.2、修改 #####

**内容：无论修改哪一个文件内容，两个文件都会跟着变化，因为类似于快捷方式**

**文件名：修改文件名，两个文件不会变化**

#### 30.1.2、目录 ####

##### 30.1.2.1、删除 #####

2、删除源目录，软链接目录不可用（linux 文件查看颜色会从正常的颜色，变成红色）,如下

##### 30.1.2.2、修改 #####

**内容：无论修改哪一个文件内容，两个文件都会跟着变化，因为类似于快捷方式**

**文件名：修改文件名，两个文件不会变化**

### 30.2、`ln`：硬链接 （创建了一个一样的文件，占内存） ###

> 相当于是复制一个文件，只能是文件复制，不可以是目录，
> 
> 作用：修改一个文件内容，另外一个也会变化，但是删除是各自删除该文件是各自删除各自的，的互不干扰

ln  绝对路径/相对路径   绝对路径/相对路径

## 31、`iptables`：防火墙 ##

> 默认情况下，版本高的不使用这个防火墙，而是使用的`firewalld`，当使用`iptables`命令的时候会提示下面的错误

错误：service iptables save 出现”Failed to restart iptables.service: Unit iptables.service failed to load: No such file or directory.”

### 31.1、命令 ###

#### 31.1.1、停止，并且禁用`firewalld` ####

systemctl stop firewalld
    systemctl mask firewalld

#### 31.1.2、安装`iptables` ####

yum –y install iptables-services

#### 31.1.3、开机启动 `iptables` ####

systemctl enable iptables

#### 31.1.4、查看防火墙状态 ####

service iptables status

#### 31.1.5、启动防火墙 ####

service iptables start

#### 31.1.6、关闭防火墙（开机后还会启动） ####

service iptables stop

#### 31.1.7、禁用防火墙（永久） ####

chkconfig  iptables  off

#### 31.1.8、启用防火墙 ####

chkconfig  iptables  on

### 31.2、外网访问Linux修改配置 ###

> 如果使用外面访问`linux`的`tomcat`首先需要配置 `/etc/selinux/config` ，找到`SELINUX=enforcin`g，将其修改为 `SELINUX=disabled`

![1579085241434][]

#### 31.2.1、检测`selinux`状态 ####

/usr/sbin/sestatus -v

![1579085483409][]

### 31.3、配置防火墙 `/etc/sysconfig/iptables` ###

> 1、我是个二货，我将代码一直放到了commit后面，太二货了，找了好久才发现，
> 
> 2、而且配置文件中使用的是Firewall，更傻逼，如果这个配置文件错误了，防火墙命令start根本不能用。

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT 
    -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

![1579085598821][]

## 32、`curl` ##

### 32.1、`curl`：单个文件查看 ###

curl http://www.centos.org

### 32.2、`curl -I`：查看请求返回信息，验证是否有权限访问 ###

curl -I  https://www.baidu.com/
    curl -I  http://127.0.0.1:9999

root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs# curl -I https://www.baidu.com/
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Accept-Ranges: bytes
    Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform
    Connection: keep-alive
    Content-Length: 277
    Content-Type: text/html
    Date: Wed, 15 Jan 2020 11:35:52 GMT
    Etag: "575e1f60-115"
    Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMT
    Pragma: no-cache
    Server: bfe/1.0.8.18
    
    
    
    
    
    root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs# curl -I http://127.0.0.1:9999 
    HTTP/1.1 404 
    Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
    Transfer-Encoding: chunked
    Date: Wed, 15 Jan 2020 11:37:19 GMT
    
    
    
    
    
    
    root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs# curl -I http://127.0.0.1:6666
    HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
    Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)
    Date: Wed, 15 Jan 2020 11:37:31 GMT
    Content-Type: text/html
    Content-Length: 178
    Connection: keep-alive

### 32.2、`curl -o、curl -O`：文件下载 ###

#### 32.2.1、`-o`：将文件保存为命令行中指定的文件名的文件中 ####

curl -o down.html http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html

root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs# curl -o down.html http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html
      % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                     Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
    100 1487k  100 1487k    0     0   433k      0  0:00:03  0:00:03 --:--:--  433k
    
    
    
    root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs# ll
    total 2992
    drwxrwxrwx 4 root root    4096 Jan 15 19:23 ./
    drwxrwxrwx 5 root root    4096 Jan 14 18:52 ../
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1523198 Jan 15 19:22 down.html
    drwxrwxrwx 4 root root    4096 Jan 14 18:45 iku/
    drwxrwxrwx 2 root root    4096 Jan 14 19:19 nginx/

#### 32.2.2、`-O`：使用URL中默认的文件名保存文件到本地 ####

curl -O http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html

root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs# curl -O http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html 
      % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                     Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
    100 1487k  100 1487k    0     0   677k      0  0:00:02  0:00:02 --:--:--  677k
    
    
    root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs# ll
    total 2992
    drwxrwxrwx 4 root root    4096 Jan 15 19:23 ./
    drwxrwxrwx 5 root root    4096 Jan 14 18:52 ../
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1523198 Jan 15 19:22 down.html
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1523198 Jan 15 19:23 gettext.html
    drwxrwxrwx 4 root root    4096 Jan 14 18:45 iku/
    drwxrwxrwx 2 root root    4096 Jan 14 19:19 nginx/

### 32.3、`-u`：从FTP服务器下载文件 ###

#### 32.3.1、`-u -o`：列出目录下的所有文件夹和文件 ####

curl -u ftpuser:ftppass -O ftp://ftp_server/public/

#### 32.3.2、`-u -o`：下载文件 ####

curl -u ftpuser:ftppass -O ftp://ftp_server/public_html/file.txt

### 32.4、`-T`上传文件到FTP服务器 ###

#### 32.4.1、上传文件、多个文件 ####

curl -u ftpuser:ftppass -T myfile.txt ftp://ftp.testserver.com

curl -u ftpuser:ftppass -T "{file1,file2}" ftp://ftp.testserver.com

## 33、`which` ：查找命令是否存在，以及命令的存放位置在哪儿 ##

> **查找命令是否存在，以及命令的存放位置在哪儿**

root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs# which nginx
    /usr/sbin/nginx

## 34、`whereis`： 用于搜索程序名 ##

> 用于搜索程序名

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>whereis -b</code></td> 
   <td>搜索二进制文件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>whereis -m</code></td> 
   <td>man说明文件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>whereis -s</code></td> 
   <td>源代码文件</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

root@healerjean:/usr/local/service/logs# whereis nginx 
    nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx

## 35、`df`：磁盘空间查看 ##

### 35.1、`df -k/-m/-h`：显示磁盘使用量和占用率 ，默认是KB ###

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>df -k</code>、 <code>df</code></td> 
   <td>以KB为单位显示磁盘使用量和占用率，默认是KB</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>df -m</code></td> 
   <td>以M为单位显示磁盘使用量和占用率</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>df -h</code></td> 
   <td><strong>友好显示，以人们易读的GB、MB、KB等格式显示</strong></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### 35.1.1、显示格式说明 ####

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>格式</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>Filesystem</code></td> 
   <td>文件系统</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>1K-blocks</code></td> 
   <td>容量</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>Used</code></td> 
   <td>已用</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>Available</code></td> 
   <td>可用</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>Use%</code></td> 
   <td>已用%</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>Mounted on</code></td> 
   <td>挂载点</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### 35.1.2、命令运行 ####

##### 35.1.2.1、`df` 、`df -k`：以KB为单位显示磁盘使用量和占用率，默认是KB #####

root@healerjean:~# df
    Filesystem     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
    udev             2004712       0   2004712   0% /dev
    tmpfs             404632    3088    401544   1% /run
    /dev/vda1       41151808 5122896  33915484  14% /
    tmpfs            2023156       0   2023156   0% /dev/shm
    tmpfs               5120       0      5120   0% /run/lock
    tmpfs            2023156       0   2023156   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    tmpfs             404632       0    404632   0% /run/user/0
    
    
    
    root@healerjean:/usr# df -k 
    Filesystem     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
    udev             2004712       0   2004712   0% /dev
    tmpfs             404632    3088    401544   1% /run
    /dev/vda1       41151808 5122964  33915416  14% /
    tmpfs            2023156       0   2023156   0% /dev/shm
    tmpfs               5120       0      5120   0% /run/lock
    tmpfs            2023156       0   2023156   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    tmpfs             404632       0    404632   0% /run/user/0

##### 35.1.2.2、`df -m`：以M为单位显示磁盘使用量和占用率 #####

root@healerjean:~# df -m
    Filesystem     1M-blocks  Used Available Use% Mounted on
    udev                1958     0      1958   0% /dev
    tmpfs                396     4       393   1% /run
    /dev/vda1          40188  5003     33121  14% /
    tmpfs               1976     0      1976   0% /dev/shm
    tmpfs                  5     0         5   0% /run/lock
    tmpfs               1976     0      1976   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    tmpfs                396     0       396   0% /run/user/0

##### 35.1.2.3、`df -h`：友好显示，以人们易读的GB、MB、KB等格式显示 #####

root@healerjean:/usr# df -h
    Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    udev            2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev
    tmpfs           396M  3.1M  393M   1% /run
    /dev/vda1        40G  4.9G   33G  14% /
    tmpfs           2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm
    tmpfs           5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
    tmpfs           2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    tmpfs           396M     0  396M   0% /run/user/0

#### 35.1.3、结果说明 ####

1、**文件系统`/dev/vdal`是我们真正的磁盘**，也可以看到它挂载点是 根目录`/`，其他都是根目录下其他的文件夹，而且其实我们看已用百分比就可以看到，除了它比较大一点点，其他基本上都是0

2、文件系统`temfs`：是临时文件系统，可以看到它都是挂在到对应的磁盘目录中的，一般情况下，我们只管`/dev/vdal`

3、所以可以看到整个磁盘的空间是`40G`，已经使用了`14%`，`4.9G`了 还剩`33G`可用

## 36、`du`：目录空间查看 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>du -k</code>、<code>du</code></td> 
   <td>当前目录：以KB为单位查看当前目录列表中所有目录、多级目录使用量，默认是KB</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>du -m</code></td> 
   <td>当前目录：以M为单位查看当前目录列表中所有目录、多级目录使用量</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>du -h</code></td> 
   <td>当前目录：友好显示当前目录列表中所有目录、多级目录使用量，<br>以人们易读的GB、MB、KB等格式显示</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>du -a</code></td> 
   <td>当前目录包含所有目录、多级目录、所有文件的使用量</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>du -sh</code></td> 
   <td>查看当前目录的使用量</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>du -sh /usr/</code></td> 
   <td>查看某个目录的使用量</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>du /usr/</code></td> 
   <td>查看某目录列表中所有文件、目录使用量</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 36.1、查看目录列表中所有文件、目录的使用量 ###

#### 36.1.1、`du/ du -k`：当前目录：以KB为单位查看当前目录列表中所有目录、多级目录使用量，默认是KB ####

root@healerjean:/usr/local/service# du
    63036   ./app/iku/iku-client-webh5
    64700   ./app/iku/iku-client
    127740  ./app/iku
    127744  ./app
    2136    ./logs/nginx
    324     ./logs/iku/iku-client-webh5
    48      ./logs/iku/iku-client
    376     ./logs/iku
    5492    ./logs
    1440    ./image/iku/iku-client-webh5
    4       ./image/iku/iku-client
    1448    ./image/iku
    1452    ./image
    
    
    root@healerjean:/usr/local/service# du -k
    63036   ./app/iku/iku-client-webh5
    64700   ./app/iku/iku-client
    127740  ./app/iku
    127744  ./app
    2136    ./logs/nginx
    324     ./logs/iku/iku-client-webh5
    48      ./logs/iku/iku-client
    376     ./logs/iku
    5492    ./logs
    1440    ./image/iku/iku-client-webh5
    4       ./image/iku/iku-client
    1448    ./image/iku
    1452    ./image
    134692  .

#### 36.1.2、`du -m`：当前目录：以M为单位查看当前目录列表中所有目录、多级目录使用量 ####

du -m

root@healerjean:/usr/local/service# du -m
    62      ./app/iku/iku-client-webh5
    64      ./app/iku/iku-client
    125     ./app/iku
    125     ./app
    3       ./logs/nginx
    1       ./logs/iku/iku-client-webh5
    1       ./logs/iku/iku-client
    1       ./logs/iku
    6       ./logs
    2       ./image/iku/iku-client-webh5
    1       ./image/iku/iku-client
    2       ./image/iku
    2       ./image
    132     .

#### 36.1.3、`du -h` ：当前目录：友好显示当前目录列表中所有目录、多级目录使用量，以人们易读的GB、MB、KB等格式显示 ####

du -h

root@healerjean:/usr/local/service# du -h
    62M     ./app/iku/iku-client-webh5
    64M     ./app/iku/iku-client
    125M    ./app/iku
    125M    ./app
    2.1M    ./logs/nginx
    324K    ./logs/iku/iku-client-webh5
    48K     ./logs/iku/iku-client
    376K    ./logs/iku
    5.4M    ./logs
    1.5M    ./image/iku/iku-client-webh5
    4.0K    ./image/iku/iku-client
    1.5M    ./image/iku
    1.5M    ./image
    132M    .

#### 36.1.4、`du -h /usr/local/service/`：指定友好显示指定目录列表中所有目录、多级目录使用量，   以人们易读的GB、MB、KB等格式显示 ####

du -k  /usr/local/service/
    du -m  /usr/local/service/
    du -h  /usr/local/service/

root@healerjean:/usr/local/service# du -k /usr/local/service/ 
    63036   /usr/local/service/app/iku/iku-client-webh5
    64700   /usr/local/service/app/iku/iku-client
    127740  /usr/local/service/app/iku
    127744  /usr/local/service/app
    2136    /usr/local/service/logs/nginx
    324     /usr/local/service/logs/iku/iku-client-webh5
    48      /usr/local/service/logs/iku/iku-client
    376     /usr/local/service/logs/iku
    5492    /usr/local/service/logs
    1440    /usr/local/service/image/iku/iku-client-webh5
    4       /usr/local/service/image/iku/iku-client
    1448    /usr/local/service/image/iku
    1452    /usr/local/service/image
    134692  /usr/local/service/
    
    root@healerjean:/usr/local/service# du -m /usr/local/service/ 
    62      /usr/local/service/app/iku/iku-client-webh5
    64      /usr/local/service/app/iku/iku-client
    125     /usr/local/service/app/iku
    125     /usr/local/service/app
    3       /usr/local/service/logs/nginx
    1       /usr/local/service/logs/iku/iku-client-webh5
    1       /usr/local/service/logs/iku/iku-client
    1       /usr/local/service/logs/iku
    6       /usr/local/service/logs
    2       /usr/local/service/image/iku/iku-client-webh5
    1       /usr/local/service/image/iku/iku-client
    2       /usr/local/service/image/iku
    2       /usr/local/service/image
    132     /usr/local/service/
    
    root@healerjean:/usr/local/service# du -h /usr/local/service/
    62M     /usr/local/service/app/iku/iku-client-webh5
    64M     /usr/local/service/app/iku/iku-client
    125M    /usr/local/service/app/iku
    125M    /usr/local/service/app
    2.1M    /usr/local/service/logs/nginx
    324K    /usr/local/service/logs/iku/iku-client-webh5
    48K     /usr/local/service/logs/iku/iku-client
    376K    /usr/local/service/logs/iku
    5.4M    /usr/local/service/logs
    1.5M    /usr/local/service/image/iku/iku-client-webh5
    4.0K    /usr/local/service/image/iku/iku-client
    1.5M    /usr/local/service/image/iku
    1.5M    /usr/local/service/image
    132M    /usr/local/service/

#### 36.1.5、`du -a`：当前目录包含所有目录、多级目录、所有文件的使用量 ####

du -ah

root@healerjean:/usr/local/service# du -ah
    62M     ./app/iku/iku-client-webh5/iku-client-webh5.jar
    4.0K    ./app/iku/iku-client-webh5/stop.sh
    4.0K    ./app/iku/iku-client-webh5/restart.sh
    4.0K    ./app/iku/iku-client-webh5/start.sh
    62M     ./app/iku/iku-client-webh5
    4.0K    ./app/iku/iku-client/stop.sh
    4.0K    ./app/iku/iku-client/restart.sh
    4.0K    ./app/iku/iku-client/start.sh
    64M     ./app/iku/iku-client/iku-client.jar
    64M     ./app/iku/iku-client
    125M    ./app/iku
    125M    ./app
    2.1M    ./logs/nginx/access.log
    16K     ./logs/nginx/error.log
    2.1M    ./logs/nginx
    1.5M    ./logs/down.html
    160K    ./logs/iku/iku-client-webh5/iku-client-webh5.stdout.log
    0       ./logs/iku/iku-client-webh5/iku-client-webh5.stdout.error
    160K    ./logs/iku/iku-client-webh5/iku-client-webh5.log
    324K    ./logs/iku/iku-client-webh5
    4.0K    ./logs/iku/iku-client/cp.txt
    0       ./logs/iku/iku-client/iku-client.error
    36K     ./logs/iku/iku-client/iku-client.stdout.log
    4.0K    ./logs/iku/iku-client/test.txt
    48K     ./logs/iku/iku-client
    376K    ./logs/iku
    1.5M    ./logs/gettext.html
    5.4M    ./logs
    96K     ./image/iku/iku-client-webh5/ikuisme.jpg
    1.4M    ./image/iku/iku-client-webh5/ikuhelpcenter.jpg
    1.5M    ./image/iku/iku-client-webh5
    4.0K    ./image/iku/iku-client
    1.5M    ./image/iku
    1.5M    ./image
    132M    .

### 36.2、`du -sh`：查看某个目录的使用量 ###

du -sh 			当前目录	
    du -sh /usr/    指定目录：usr目录

root@healerjean:/usr/local/service# du -sh
    132M  
    
    
    root@healerjean:/usr# du -sh /usr/
    2.8G    /usr/

## 37、`top`：cpu使用量 ##

top - 21:09:44 up 219 days,  7:37,  2 users,  load average: 0.04, 0.03, 0.00
    Tasks: 118 total,   1 running, 117 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
    %Cpu(s):  1.0 us,  0.7 sy,  0.0 ni, 98.0 id,  0.3 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
    KiB Mem :  4046316 total,   430480 free,  1464136 used,  2151700 buff/cache
    KiB Swap:        0 total,        0 free,        0 used.  2258136 avail Mem 
    
    PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                                                               
    12165 root      10 -10  136508  17196  14520 S   2.0  0.4   1810:00 AliYunDun                                                             
    25044 root      20   0 3532516 620744  17324 S   0.7 15.3  10:18.50 java                                                                  
    28178 root      20   0 3516784 588380  17000 S   0.7 14.5   4:15.60 java                                                                  
    7 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.3  0.0  92:27.21 rcu_sched                                                             
    1 root      20   0   37772   5652   3844 S   0.0  0.1  11:05.70 systemd                                                               
    2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.55 kthreadd                                                              
    3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   3:40.50 ksoftirqd/0                                                           
    5 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H                                                          
    8 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcu_bh                                                                
    9 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.91 migration/0                                                           
    10 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   1:12.97 watchdog/0                                                            
    11 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   1:03.37 watchdog/1                                                            
    12 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.92 migration/1                                                           
    13 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   4:44.08 ksoftirqd/1                                                           
    15 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/1:0H                                                          
    16 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kdevtmpfs                                                             
    17 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 netns                                                                 
    18 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 perf                                                                  
    19 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:08.80 khungtaskd                                                            
    20 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 writeback                                                             
    21 root      25   5       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 ksmd                                                                  
    22 root      39  19       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   1:24.81 khugepaged                                                            
    23 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 crypto                                                                
    24 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kintegrityd                                                           
    25 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 bioset                                                                
    26 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kblockd                                                               
    27 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 ata_sff                                                               
    28 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 md                                                                    
    29 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 devfreq_wq                                                            
    34 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.62 kswapd0                                                               
    35 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 vmstat

### 37.1、输出日志分析 ###

#### 第一行、任务队列信息 ####

> `top - 21:09:35 up 219 days, 7:37, 2 users, load average: 0.04, 0.03, 0.00`

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>格式</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>21:10:23</td> 
   <td>系统当前时间</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>up 219 days</td> 
   <td>主机已运行时间 ,219天了</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>2 users</td> 
   <td>用户连接数（不是用户数，who命令）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>load average: 0.07, 0.03, 0.00</td> 
   <td>系统平均负载，统计最近1,5,15分钟的系统平均负载</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

##### @：1、load average：系统平均负载 #####

> top命令中load average显示的是最近1分钟、5分钟和15分钟的系统平均负载。系统平均负载表示
> 
> 系统平均负载被定义为在**特定时间间隔内**运行队列中(\*\*在CPU上运行或者等待运行多少进程)\*\*的平均进程数。**如果一个进程满足以下条件则其就会位于运行队列中：**
> 
> > 1、它没有在等待I/O操作的结果
> > 
> > 2、 它没有主动进入等待状态(也就是没有调用’wait’)
> > 
> > 3、 没有被停止(例如：等待终止)

很多人会这样理解负载均值：三个数分别代表不同时间段的系统平均负载(一分钟、五 分钟、以及十五分钟)，它们的数字当然是越小越好。数字越高，说明服务器的负载越 大，这也可能是服务器出现某种问题的信号。

**而事实不完全如此，是什么因素构成了负载均值的大小，以及如何区分它们目前的状况是 “好”还是“糟糕”?什么时候应该注意哪些不正常的数值?**

回答这些问题之前，首先需要了解下这些数值背后的些知识。我们先用最简单的例子说明， 一台只配备一块单核处理器的服务器。

**单核处理器的情况**

**行车过桥**： **一只单核的处理器可以形象得比喻成一条单车道。**

设想下，你现在需要收取这条道路的过桥费 ，忙于处理那些将要过桥的车辆。你首先当然需要了解些信息，例如车辆的载重、以及 还有多少车辆正在等待过桥。如果前面没有车辆在等待，那么你可以告诉后面的司机通过。 如果车辆众多，那么需要告知他们可能需要稍等一会。

0.00 表示目前桥面上没有任何的车流，过往的车辆可以丝毫不用等待的通过。  
　　1.00 表示刚好是在这座桥的承受范围内。 这种情况不算糟糕，只是车流会有些堵，不过这种情况可能会造成交通越来越慢。  
　　超过 1.00，那么说明这座桥已经超出负荷，交通严重的拥堵。 那么情况有多糟糕? 例如 2.00 的情况说明车流已经超出了桥所能承受的一倍，那么将有多余过桥一倍的车辆正在焦急的等待。3.00 的话情况就更不妙了，说明这座桥基本上已经快承受不了，还有超出桥负载两倍多的车辆正在等待。

上面的情况和处理器的负载情况非常相似。一辆汽车的过桥时间就好比是处理器处理某线程的实际时间。Unix 系统定义的进程运行时长为所有处理器内核的处理时间加上线程 在队列中等待的时间。

\*\*在实际情况中，有经验的系统管理员都会将这条线划在 0.70：所以你说的理想负荷为 1.00 ?”，负荷 1.00 说明系统已经没有剩余的资源了。 \*\*

“**需要进行调查法则**”： **如果长期你的系统负载在 0.70 上下**，那么你需要在事情变得更糟糕之前，花些时间了解其原因。

“**现在就要修复法则**”：**1.00** 。 如果你的服务器系统负载长期徘徊于 1.00，那么就应该马上解决这个问题。否则，你将半夜接到你上司的电话，这可不是件令人愉快的事情。

“**凌晨三点半锻炼身体法则**”：5.00。 如果你的服务器负载超过了 5.00 这个数字，那么你将失去你的睡眠，还得在会议中说明这情况发生的原因，总之千万不要让它发生。

**多个处理器的情况**

**那么多个处理器呢?我的均值是 3.00，但是系统运行正常!，你有四个处理器的主机？那么它的负载均值在 3.00 是很正常的**

在多处理器系统中，1.00 表示单个处理器，而 2.00 则说明有两个双处理器，那么 4.00 就说明主机具有四个处理器。

**多核与多处理器（具体Linux计算方法，查看42）**

我们来讨论下多核心处理器与多处理器的区别。从性能的角度上理解，一台主 机拥有多核心的处理器与另台拥有同样数目的处理性能基本上可以认为是相差无几。当然实际情况会复杂得多,　　**但即便这些因素造成的实际性能稍有不同，其实系统还是以处理器的核心数量计算负载均值** 。这使我们有了两个新的法则：

核心分布在分别几个单个物理处理中并不重要，**其实两个四核的处理器 等于四个双核处理器 等于 八个单处理器。所以，它应该有八个处理器内核。** **在多核处理中，你的系统均值不应该高于处理器核心的总数量。**

**最后一个问题，"load average"一共返回三个平均值----1分钟系统负荷、5分钟系统负荷，15分钟系统负荷，----应该参考哪个值？**

如果只有1分钟的系统负荷大于1.0，其他两个时间段都小于1.0，这表明只是暂时现象，问题不大。

如果15分钟内，平均系统负荷大于1.0（调整CPU核心数之后），表明问题持续存在，不是暂时现象。所以，你应该主要观察"15分钟系统负荷"，将它作为电脑正常运行的指标。

#### 第二行：进程信息 ：进程数相关 ####

> `Tasks: 215 total, 2 running, 213 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie`

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>格式</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Tasks: 215 total</td> 
   <td>进程总数</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>2 running</td> 
   <td>正在运行的进程数</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>213 sleeping</td> 
   <td>睡眠的进程数，正在睡眠的进程，正在等待事件完成，但可被唤醒</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>0 stopped</td> 
   <td>停止的进程数</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>0 zombie</td> 
   <td>僵尸进程数，<strong>进程已经终止但却无法被删除至内存外</strong></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

##### @：1、僵尸进程数 (遇到再说吧，现在简单看一下概念) #####

> 当一个进程死亡并退出，但是父进程并没有获取到他的返回代码，这个进程就会变成僵尸进程，僵尸进程会一直以终止状态保持在进程表里并会一直等待父进程获取其退出状态。所以只要子进程退出，父进程还在运行，但父进程没有读取子进程的进程状态，子进程进入Z状态。那么如果父进程退出了呢？它就会变成孤儿进程，被init进程回收

#### 第三行：CPU信息：显示占用百分比 ####

>  **一般情况下我们关注 `us`、`sy`、`id`就可以**

> `%Cpu(s): 6.4 us, 0.1 sy, 0.0 ni, 93.5 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st`

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>格式</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>6.4 us</code></td> 
   <td><strong>运行(未调整优先级的) 用户进程的CPU时间</strong></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>0.1 sy</code></td> 
   <td><strong>内核空间占用CPU百分比</strong></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>0.0 ni</code></td> 
   <td>运行已调整优先级的用户进程的CPU时间</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>93.5 id</code></td> 
   <td><strong>空闲CPU百分比</strong></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>0.0 wa</code></td> 
   <td>等待输入输出的CPU时间百分比</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>0.0 hi</code></td> 
   <td>硬件CPU中断占用百分比</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>0.0 si</code></td> 
   <td>软中断占用百分比</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>0.0 st</code></td> 
   <td>虚拟机占用百分比</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

##### @：1、`%cpu`表示什么 #####

> 这里显示的所有的cpu加起来的使用率，说明你的CPU是多核，你运行top后按大键盘1看看，可以显示每个cpu的使用率，top里显示的是把所有使用率加起来

![1579179141494][]

##### @：2、用户空间与内核空间 #####

> 用户空间应用程序往往需要调用硬件（QQ调用相机拍照）或者运行与系统核心相关的内容（360清理进程），免不了与内核打交道，他们之间调用关系又是怎样呢？

![1579164761262][]

交流关系以`open()`文件打开函数为例

> 上层应用在用户空间执行到 `open()` 函数时，**会触发系统软中断**，系统调用 **系统调用函数** `sys_open()`，在内核空间执行open代码，这样用户空间的open函数内部代码就取得了在内核空间运行的权限，可以做一些**比较牛比较核心**的事情。

##### @：3、关注点 #####

\*\*关于CPU还有重要要说明 ,看大部队 \*\*

#### 第四行：运行内存信息（单位KB） ####

>  **纳入内核管理的内存不见得都在使用中，还包括过去使用过的现在可以被重复利用的内存，内核并不把这些可被重新使用的内存交还到free中去，因此在`linux`上free内存会越来越少，但不用为此担心。**

> `4046316 total, 430480 free, 1464136 used, 2151700 buff/cache`

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>格式</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>32780396 total</td> 
   <td>物理内存总量</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>430480 free</td> 
   <td>总量空闲的内存总量（free+used=total）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>1464136 used</td> 
   <td>已使用的内存</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>2151700 buff/cache</td> 
   <td>用作内核缓存的内存量</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### 第五行：swap信息 虚拟内存使用(交换空间) ####

>     **<font color="red">对于内存监控，在top里我们要时刻监控第五行swap交换分区的used，如果这个数值在不断的变化，说明内核在不断进行内存和swap的数据交换，这是真正的内存不够用了。</font>**

> `KiB Swap: 0 total, 0 free, 0 used. 2258136 avail Mem`

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>格式</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>0 total</td> 
   <td>交换区总量</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>0 free</td> 
   <td>空闲交换区总量</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>0 used</td> 
   <td><strong>已使用的交换分区总量</strong></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>16426028 avail Mem</td> 
   <td>可用交换取总量，</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### 第六行：大部队 （关于下面的内存，我要重点看了，这玩意到底是个啥） ####

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>格式</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>PID</code></td> 
   <td>进程id</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>USER</code></td> 
   <td>进程所有者的用户名</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>PR</code></td> 
   <td>优先级，动态优先级priority</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>NI</code></td> 
   <td>静态优先级、nice值</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>VIRT</code></td> 
   <td>进程使用的虚拟内存总量，单位<code>kb</code>。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>RES</code></td> 
   <td>进程使用的物理内存的大小</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>SHR</code></td> 
   <td>进程使用的共享内内存</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>S</code></td> 
   <td>进程状态（D=不可中断的睡眠状态，R=运行，S=睡眠，T=跟踪/停止，Z=僵尸进程）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>%CPU</code></td> 
   <td>上次更新到现在的CPU时间占用百分比</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>%MEM</code></td> 
   <td>进程使用的物理内存和总内存的百分比</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>TIME</code></td> 
   <td>进程所使用的CPU时间总计，单位1/100秒</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>COMMAND</code></td> 
   <td>启动进程的命令的名称和参数</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                                                                                                           
    30030 work      20   0 10.338g 1.034g   5180 S 100.0  3.3  33568:33 java                 16587 work      20   0 10.335g 1.248g  23332 S   6.7  4.0 120:49.18 java                 423411 root      20   0   43472   2596   1252 S   0.0  0.0   6:43.18 systemd             412342 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.08 kthreadd

##### @：1、参数解释 ： #####

###### 1.1、PR：优先级 （动态优先级priority）、 ######

> 我们也统一将“优先级”这个词的概念规定为表示priority值的意思。 Linux实际上实现了140个优先级范围，取值范围是从0-139，**这个值越小，优先级越高**。
> 
> nice值的-20到19，映射到它实际的优先级范围是100-139。

**使用说明：**

**1、`Java`程序默认执行优先级为20，nice为0**

###### 1.2、`NI`：静态优先级、nice值 ######

> **负值表示高优先级，正值表示低优先级-20至19，一共40个**
> 
> **1、这个值越小，表示进程”优先级”越高，而值越大“优先级”越低**。越nice的人抢占资源的能力就越差，而越不nice的人抢占能力就越强。这就是nice值大小的含义
> 
> 2、用`nice`和`renice`命令来调整的优先级；

**使用说明：**

**1、`Java`程序默认执行优先级为20，nice为0**

###### 1.3、`VIRT`：进程使用的虚拟内存总量，单位`kb`。 ######

> 1、进程“需要的”虚拟内存大小，包括进程使用的库、代码、数据，以及`malloc`、new分配的堆空间和分配的栈空间等；
> 
> 2、假如进程新申请`10MB`的内存，但实际只使用了`1MB`，那么它会增长`10MB`，而不是实际的`1MB`使用量
> 
> 3、`VIRT`=`SWAP`\+`RES`

**使用说明：**

**1、目前看来没什么重要的**

###### 1.4、`RES`： 进程使用的物理内存的大小（重要） ######

> 1、进程当前使用的内存大小，包括使用中的`malloc`、new分配的堆空间和分配的栈空间，但不包括swap out量；
> 
> 2、包含其他进程的共享；
> 
> **3、如果申请`10MB`的内存，实际使用`1MB`，它只增长`1MB`，与`VIRT`相反；**
> 
> 4、`RES` =`CODE` \+`DATA`
> 
> > DATA  
> > 1、数据占用的内存。如果top没有显示，按f键可以显示出来。
> > 
> > 2、真正的该程序要求的数据空间，是真正在运行中要使用的，个人理解：代码执行需要的。

**使用说明：**

**1、如果是JAVA程序则是， RES = 代码位置实际物理内存 + （堆内存+栈内存+元空间）**

###### 1.5、`SHR`： 进程使用的共享内内存 ######

> 1、除了自身进程的共享内存，也包括其他进程的共享内存；
> 
> 2、虽然进程只使用了几个共享库的函数，但它包含了整个共享库的大小
> 
> **3、计算某个进程所占的物理内存大小公式：`RES` – `SHR`；**
> 
> **4、swap out后，它将会降下来**

###### 1.6、`S`：进程状态 ######

> D=不可中断的睡眠状态
> 
> R=运行
> 
> S=睡眠
> 
> T=跟踪/停止
> 
> Z=僵尸进程

###### 1.7、`%CPU`: 上次更新到现在的CPU时间占用百分比 ######

> **显示的是进程占用一个核的百分比，而不是整个CPU的百分比，有时候如果大于100了，那是因为该进程用了多线程占用了多个核心 ,多核cpu时代，有时候如果系统比较大，也是很正常的 。**
> 
> 抬头中的默认是总CPU， 按1命令之后，如果有`多核心cpu`，会显示所有`逻辑CPU`占用情况（逻辑CPU见内容42）。 top命令之后按1就可以看到其他的CPU情况了，而下面表格中的`%cpu`

在系统负荷方面，多核CPU与多CPU效果类似，所以考虑系统负荷的时候，必须考虑这台电脑有几个CPU、每个CPU有几个核心，只要保证平均每个核心的负荷不超过1.0，就表明电脑正常运行，如果确实是系统压力吃紧，这种情况是正常的。系统平均负载算出来的逻辑cpu一回事 。

###### 1.8、`%MEM`：进程使用的物理内存和总内存的百分比 ######

> 该项目实际占用的物理空间内存百分比

##### @：2、命令解释 #####

###### @@： 2.1、`1`显示多个cpu执行情况 ######

**top后直接显示的`cpu`默认显示的`总cpu`，什么意思呢？**

**就是说如果有`多核心cpu`，会显示所有`逻辑CPU`占用情况（逻辑CPU见内容42）。 top命令之后按1就可以看到其他的CPU情况了，而下面表格中的`%cpu`显示的是进程占用一个核的百分比，而不是整个CPU的百分比，有时候如果大于100了，那是因为该进程用了多线程占用了CPU，多个核心**

Tasks: 222 total,   2 running, 220 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
    %Cpu0  :  0.0 us,  1.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
    %Cpu1  :  1.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
    %Cpu2  :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
    %Cpu3  :100.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,  0.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
    %Cpu4  :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
    %Cpu5  :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
    %Cpu6  :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
    %Cpu7  :  0.0 us,  1.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
    %Cpu8  :  1.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
    %Cpu9  :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
    %Cpu10 :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
    %Cpu11 :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
    %Cpu12 :  0.0 us,  1.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
    %Cpu13 :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
    %Cpu14 :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
    %Cpu15 :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
    KiB Mem : 32780396 total,  3229812 free, 14268924 used, 15281660 buff/cache
    KiB Swap:        0 total,        0 free,        0 used. 16398644 avail Mem 
    
      PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                                                                                                         30030 work      20   0 10.338g 1.034g   5180 S 100.0  3.3  33573:45 java                 3166 work      20   0 10.120g 805828   4456 S   1.0  2.5 612:42.83 java                   12523 work      20   0 10.307g 1.015g   7364 S   1.0  3.2  57:11.89 java                 27862 work      20   0  162056   2412   1588 S   1.0  0.0   0:02.02 top                   28921 work      20   0  162056   2396   1568 R   1.0  0.0   0:00.44 top

###### @@：2.2、P：根据CPU使用百分比大小进行排序 ######

top - 19:57:34 up 209 days, 23:28,  7 users,  load average: 1.00, 1.02, 1.05
    Tasks: 220 total,   1 running, 219 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
    %Cpu(s):  6.4 us,  0.1 sy,  0.0 ni, 93.5 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
    KiB Mem : 32780396 total,  3191436 free, 14263632 used, 15325328 buff/cache
    KiB Swap:        0 total,        0 free,        0 used. 16403992 avail Mem 
    
      PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                            
    30030 work      20   0 10.338g 1.034g   5180 S 100.3  3.3  33715:06 java                 8744 work      20   0 10.265g 0.984g   5448 S   0.7  3.1 223:51.40 java                   12523 work      20   0 10.307g 1.015g   7364 S   0.7  3.2  57:35.84 java                 12566 work      20   0 11.015g 1.441g   7812 S   0.7  4.6 100:58.45 java                 3166 work      20   0 10.120g 805828   4456 S   0.3  2.5 613:03.48 java                   4989 work      20   0 10.180g 919996   6252 S   0.3  2.8 133:03.37 java

###### @@：2.3、M：根据驻留内存大小进行排序 ######

## 38、`xargs` ##

### 38.1、文本内容相关 ###

healerjean$ cat -n text.txt 
    1	a b c d e f g
    2	h i j k l m n
    3	o p q
    4	r s t

#### 38.1.1、| `xargs` ：单行输出文本所有内容 ####

healerjean$ cat text.txt | xargs
    a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t

#### 38.1.2、| `xargs -n4` ：选择每行打印多少个（按照空格和换行来进行分组） ####

##### \-n多行输出：后面直接加数字 #####

healerjean$ cat text.txt | xargs -n4
    a b c d
    e f g h
    i j k l
    m n o p
    q r s t

#### 38.1.3、 | `xargs -dX`：按照字符`X`,分隔一串字符串 ####

##### \-d 选项可以自定义一个定界符： #####

healerjean$ echo "nameXnameXnameXname" | xargs -dX
     
    name name name name

#### 38.1.4、 -d -n 联合使用 ####

echo "nameXnameXnameXname" | xargs -dX -n2
     
    name name
    name name

### 38.2、组合多个命令 ###

#### 38.2.1、（查询->删除） ####

删除vedio开头的键
    keys vedio* | xargs redis-cli del
    
    查询文件名为.svn的，然后删除
    find . -name ".svn"| xargs rm -Rf 
    
    删除镜像
    docker images | grep registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/duodianyouhui/dev-server | xargs docker rmi

## 39、`grep` ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>grep a text.txt</code></td> 
   <td>查看某个字符串所在行的内容</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>grep -n keyword filename</code></td> 
   <td>查看某个字符串所在行的内容，并显示行号</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>grep -i keyword filename</code></td> 
   <td>列出所搜索内容的匹配行，搜索过程中不区分大小写</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>grep -A 5 keyword filename</code></td> 
   <td>显示匹配到的后5行</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>grep -B 5 keywordf filename</code></td> 
   <td>显示匹配到的前5行</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>grep -C 5 keyword filename</code></td> 
   <td>显示匹配到的前后5行，同下</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>grep -5 *keyword filename</code></td> 
   <td>显示匹配到的前后5行，模糊匹配</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>grep -c keyword filename</code></td> 
   <td>返回一个文件中某个字符串的个数</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>grep -c keyword 文件名1 文件名2</code></td> 
   <td>返回多个文件中， 某个字符串各自的个数</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 39.1、普通查询 ###

#### 39.1.1、显示行号，部分大小写，查询包含abc的前后5行 ####

grep -ni -5 abc scf-client.stdout.log

### 2.2、关联结果查询 ###

healerjean$ find . -name '*.txt' |grep test
    ./study/cant-breathe/13、redis/7/1、spring redis/spring-redis-test.txt
    ./study/HealerJean.github.io/_posts/DDKJ/3、AngularJS_Vue/Vue/模板/element-starter/node_modules/hoek/test/modules/ignore.txt

## 40、`find` ##

### 40.1、`-name` ：通过名字查询，`-iname` 不区分大小写 ###

find . -name '*.txt' |grep test

### 40.2、`-type`： 根据文件类型查找(f文件,d目录,l软链接文件 ###

find . -type f -name "text.txt"

healerjean$ find . -type f -name "text.txt"
    ./text.txt
    ./workspace/duodianyouhui/youhui-admin/node_modules/vue-resource/test/data/text.txt

### 40.3 -print -print0 ###

> `-print` 在每一个输出后会添加一个回车换行符（默认），
> 
> \-`print0`则不会直接连起来变成一行。

root@AaronWong shell_test]# find /ABC/ -type l -print
    /home/AaronWong/ABC/libcvaux.so
    /home/AaronWong/ABC/libgomp.so.1
    /home/AaronWong/ABC/libcvaux.so.4
    
    
    [root@AaronWong shell_test]# find /ABC/ -type l -print0
    /home/AaronWong/ABC/libcvaux.so/home/AaronWong/ABC/libgomp.so.1/home/AaronWong/ABC/libcvaux.so.4/hom

## 41、`wc`： 统计文件中的-c字节数、-w字数、-l行数 ##

cat text.txt 
    a b c d e f g
    h i j k l m n
    o p q
    r s t

### 41.1、`wc -l` 统计行数 ###

healerjean$ wc -l text.txt 
    4 text.txt
           
      
    healerjean$ cat text.txt| wc -l
    4

### 41.2、`wc -w`：统计单词数量(不包含空格和换行等) ###

healerjean$ wc -w text.txt 
    20 text.txt

### 41.3、`wc -c` ：统计字符数（只显示Bytes数；） ###

healerjean$ wc -c text.txt 
    40 text.txt

### 41.3、`wc` 直接打印，分别打印行数，单词书，字符数 ###

$ wc testfile           # testfile文件的统计信息  
    3 92 598 testfile       # testfile文件的行数为3、单词数92、字节数598 
    
    $ wc testfile testfile_1 testfile_2  #统计三个文件的信息  
    3 92 598 testfile                    #第一个文件行数为3、单词数92、字节数598  
    9 18 78 testfile_1                   #第二个文件的行数为9、单词数18、字节数78  
    3 6 32 testfile_2                    #第三个文件的行数为3、单词数6、字节数32  
    15 116 708 总用量                    #三个文件总共的行数为15、单词数116、字节数708

## 42、Linux查看物理CPU个数、核数、逻辑CPU个数 ##

> 物理cpu`数：主板上实际插入的`cpu`数量 (`physical id\`)
> 
> `cpu核数`：单块CPU上面能处理数据的芯片组的数量，如双核、四核等 （`cpu cores`）
> 
> `逻辑cpu`数：一般情况下，`逻辑cpu`=`物理CPU`个数×每颗核数，如果不相等的话，则表示服务器的CPU支持超线程技术（HT：简单来说，它可使处理器中的1 颗内核如2 颗内核那样在操作系统中发挥作用。这样一来，操作系统可使用的执行资源扩大了一倍，大幅提高了系统的整体性能，此时`逻辑cpu`=物理CPU个数×每颗核数x2） **这个就是我们top命令系统平均负载的参考值**

### 42.1、`cat /proc/cpuinfo`，查看`cpu`中信息 ###

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>变量</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>processor</td> 
   <td>逻辑处理器的id。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>physical id</td> 
   <td>物理处理器的id</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>core id</td> 
   <td>每个核心的id。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cpu cores</td> 
   <td>一个物理CPU有几个核</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>siblings</td> 
   <td>一个物理CPU有几个逻辑CPU</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

是否为超线程？

如果`siblings`和`cpu cores`一致，则说明不支持超线程，或者超线程未打开。

如果`siblings`是`cpu cores`的两倍， 有两个逻辑CPU具有相同的`core id`，那么支持并且，超线程是打开的。

物理CPU个数：`cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | sort | uniq | wc -l`

查看CPU是几核的：`cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "cores" | uniq`

逻辑CPU个数 ：`cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "processor" | wc -l`

#### 42.1.1、我米测试服务器 ####

**物理CPU数 ：16**

[work@vm10-123-3-2 ~]$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | sort | uniq | wc -l
    16

**单个CPU的逻辑核心数量 ：1** **（如果物理CPU的逻辑核心数量不同，则会显示多行）**

[work@vm10-123-3-2 ~]$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | fgrep "cores" | uniq
    cpu cores       : 1

**逻辑CPU数量：16**

[work@vm10-123-3-2 ~]$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "processor" | wc -l 
    16

\*\*总结：这台机器拥有16和物理CPU，每个CPU有1个逻辑核心，系统一共拥有16个逻辑CPU数量。显然没有开启多线程，而且观察`siblings`不是`cpu cores`的两倍，理由成立 \*\*

[work@vm10-123-3-2 ~]$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
    processor       : 0
    vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
    cpu family      : 6
    model           : 94
    model name      : Intel Core Processor (Skylake)
    stepping        : 3
    microcode       : 0x1
    cpu MHz         : 2599.998
    cache size      : 19712 KB
    physical id     : 0
    siblings        : 1
    core id         : 0
    cpu cores       : 1
    apicid          : 0
    initial apicid  : 0
    fpu             : yes
    fpu_exception   : yes
    cpuid level     : 13
    wp              : yes
    flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1
    bogomips        : 5199.99
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment : 64
    address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:
    
    processor       : 1
    vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
    cpu family      : 6
    model           : 94
    model name      : Intel Core Processor (Skylake)
    stepping        : 3
    microcode       : 0x1
    cpu MHz         : 2599.998
    cache size      : 19712 KB
    physical id     : 1
    siblings        : 1
    core id         : 0
    cpu cores       : 1
    apicid          : 1
    initial apicid  : 1
    fpu             : yes
    fpu_exception   : yes
    cpuid level     : 13
    wp              : yes
    flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1
    bogomips        : 5199.99
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment : 64
    address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:
    
    processor       : 2
    vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
    cpu family      : 6
    model           : 94
    model name      : Intel Core Processor (Skylake)
    stepping        : 3
    microcode       : 0x1
    cpu MHz         : 2599.998
    cache size      : 19712 KB
    physical id     : 2
    siblings        : 1
    core id         : 0
    cpu cores       : 1
    apicid          : 2
    initial apicid  : 2
    fpu             : yes
    fpu_exception   : yes
    cpuid level     : 13
    wp              : yes
    flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1
    bogomips        : 5199.99
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment : 64
    address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:
    
    processor       : 3
    vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
    cpu family      : 6
    model           : 94
    model name      : Intel Core Processor (Skylake)
    stepping        : 3
    microcode       : 0x1
    cpu MHz         : 2599.998
    cache size      : 19712 KB
    physical id     : 3
    siblings        : 1
    core id         : 0
    cpu cores       : 1
    apicid          : 3
    initial apicid  : 3
    fpu             : yes
    fpu_exception   : yes
    cpuid level     : 13
    wp              : yes
    flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1
    bogomips        : 5199.99
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment : 64
    address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:
    
    processor       : 4
    vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
    cpu family      : 6
    model           : 94
    model name      : Intel Core Processor (Skylake)
    stepping        : 3
    microcode       : 0x1
    cpu MHz         : 2599.998
    cache size      : 19712 KB
    physical id     : 4
    siblings        : 1
    core id         : 0
    cpu cores       : 1
    apicid          : 4
    initial apicid  : 4
    fpu             : yes
    fpu_exception   : yes
    cpuid level     : 13
    wp              : yes
    flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1
    bogomips        : 5199.99
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment : 64
    address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:
    
    processor       : 5
    vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
    cpu family      : 6
    model           : 94
    model name      : Intel Core Processor (Skylake)
    stepping        : 3
    microcode       : 0x1
    cpu MHz         : 2599.998
    cache size      : 19712 KB
    physical id     : 5
    siblings        : 1
    core id         : 0
    cpu cores       : 1
    apicid          : 5
    initial apicid  : 5
    fpu             : yes
    fpu_exception   : yes
    cpuid level     : 13
    wp              : yes
    flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1
    bogomips        : 5199.99
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment : 64
    address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:
    
    processor       : 6
    vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
    cpu family      : 6
    model           : 94
    model name      : Intel Core Processor (Skylake)
    stepping        : 3
    microcode       : 0x1
    cpu MHz         : 2599.998
    cache size      : 19712 KB
    physical id     : 6
    siblings        : 1
    core id         : 0
    cpu cores       : 1
    apicid          : 6
    initial apicid  : 6
    fpu             : yes
    fpu_exception   : yes
    cpuid level     : 13
    wp              : yes
    flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1
    bogomips        : 5199.99
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment : 64
    address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:
    
    processor       : 7
    vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
    cpu family      : 6
    model           : 94
    model name      : Intel Core Processor (Skylake)
    stepping        : 3
    microcode       : 0x1
    cpu MHz         : 2599.998
    cache size      : 19712 KB
    physical id     : 7
    siblings        : 1
    core id         : 0
    cpu cores       : 1
    apicid          : 7
    initial apicid  : 7
    fpu             : yes
    fpu_exception   : yes
    cpuid level     : 13
    wp              : yes
    flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1
    bogomips        : 5199.99
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment : 64
    address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:
    
    processor       : 8
    vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
    cpu family      : 6
    model           : 94
    model name      : Intel Core Processor (Skylake)
    stepping        : 3
    microcode       : 0x1
    cpu MHz         : 2599.998
    cache size      : 19712 KB
    physical id     : 8
    siblings        : 1
    core id         : 0
    cpu cores       : 1
    apicid          : 8
    initial apicid  : 8
    fpu             : yes
    fpu_exception   : yes
    cpuid level     : 13
    wp              : yes
    flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1
    bogomips        : 5199.99
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment : 64
    address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:
    
    processor       : 9
    vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
    cpu family      : 6
    model           : 94
    model name      : Intel Core Processor (Skylake)
    stepping        : 3
    microcode       : 0x1
    cpu MHz         : 2599.998
    cache size      : 19712 KB
    physical id     : 9
    siblings        : 1
    core id         : 0
    cpu cores       : 1
    apicid          : 9
    initial apicid  : 9
    fpu             : yes
    fpu_exception   : yes
    cpuid level     : 13
    wp              : yes
    flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1
    bogomips        : 5199.99
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment : 64
    address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:
    
    processor       : 10
    vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
    cpu family      : 6
    model           : 94
    model name      : Intel Core Processor (Skylake)
    stepping        : 3
    microcode       : 0x1
    cpu MHz         : 2599.998
    cache size      : 19712 KB
    physical id     : 10
    siblings        : 1
    core id         : 0
    cpu cores       : 1
    apicid          : 10
    initial apicid  : 10
    fpu             : yes
    fpu_exception   : yes
    cpuid level     : 13
    wp              : yes
    flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1
    bogomips        : 5199.99
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment : 64
    address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:
    
    processor       : 11
    vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
    cpu family      : 6
    model           : 94
    model name      : Intel Core Processor (Skylake)
    stepping        : 3
    microcode       : 0x1
    cpu MHz         : 2599.998
    cache size      : 19712 KB
    physical id     : 11
    siblings        : 1
    core id         : 0
    cpu cores       : 1
    apicid          : 11
    initial apicid  : 11
    fpu             : yes
    fpu_exception   : yes
    cpuid level     : 13
    wp              : yes
    flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1
    bogomips        : 5199.99
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment : 64
    address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:
    
    processor       : 12
    vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
    cpu family      : 6
    model           : 94
    model name      : Intel Core Processor (Skylake)
    stepping        : 3
    microcode       : 0x1
    cpu MHz         : 2599.998
    cache size      : 19712 KB
    physical id     : 12
    siblings        : 1
    core id         : 0
    cpu cores       : 1
    apicid          : 12
    initial apicid  : 12
    fpu             : yes
    fpu_exception   : yes
    cpuid level     : 13
    wp              : yes
    flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1
    bogomips        : 5199.99
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment : 64
    address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:
    
    processor       : 13
    vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
    cpu family      : 6
    model           : 94
    model name      : Intel Core Processor (Skylake)
    stepping        : 3
    microcode       : 0x1
    cpu MHz         : 2599.998
    cache size      : 19712 KB
    physical id     : 13
    siblings        : 1
    core id         : 0
    cpu cores       : 1
    apicid          : 13
    initial apicid  : 13
    fpu             : yes
    fpu_exception   : yes
    cpuid level     : 13
    wp              : yes
    flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1
    bogomips        : 5199.99
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment : 64
    address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:
    
    processor       : 14
    vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
    cpu family      : 6
    model           : 94
    model name      : Intel Core Processor (Skylake)
    stepping        : 3
    microcode       : 0x1
    cpu MHz         : 2599.998
    cache size      : 19712 KB
    physical id     : 14
    siblings        : 1
    core id         : 0
    cpu cores       : 1
    apicid          : 14
    initial apicid  : 14
    fpu             : yes
    fpu_exception   : yes
    cpuid level     : 13
    wp              : yes
    flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1
    bogomips        : 5199.99
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment : 64
    address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:
    
    processor       : 15
    vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
    cpu family      : 6
    model           : 94
    model name      : Intel Core Processor (Skylake)
    stepping        : 3
    microcode       : 0x1
    cpu MHz         : 2599.998
    cache size      : 19712 KB
    physical id     : 15
    siblings        : 1
    core id         : 0
    cpu cores       : 1
    apicid          : 15
    initial apicid  : 15
    fpu             : yes
    fpu_exception   : yes
    cpuid level     : 13
    wp              : yes
    flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1
    bogomips        : 5199.99
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment : 64
    address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:

#### 42.1.2、其他案例测试 ####

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th></th> 
   <th></th> 
   <th></th> 
   <th></th> 
   <th></th> 
   <th></th> 
   <th></th> 
   <th></th> 
   <th></th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>processor</td> 
   <td>0</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>3</td> 
   <td>4</td> 
   <td>5</td> 
   <td>6</td> 
   <td>7</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>physical id</td> 
   <td>0</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>0</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>0</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>0</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>core id</td> 
   <td>0</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>3</td> 
   <td>0</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>3</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>siblings</td> 
   <td>4</td> 
   <td>4</td> 
   <td>4</td> 
   <td>4</td> 
   <td>4</td> 
   <td>4</td> 
   <td>4</td> 
   <td>4</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cpu cores</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

1、逻辑处理器 0 和 4 驻留在物理封装 0 的内核 0 上，`siblings`是`cpu cores` 逻辑处理室是核心数的两倍， ，这就表示逻辑处理器 0 和 4 支持超线程（HT）技术 ，同样 逻辑处理器1和5、2和6、3和7同样如此。 **该配置为配置为支持超线程技术的2个2核和CPU**

**这就表示支持超线程技术，因为两个逻辑处理器共享一个内核。** 而上面的服务器

![ContactAuthor][]

[github]: https://github.com/HealerJean
[http_blog.healerjean.com]: http://HealerJean.github.io
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