Elasticsearch-插入文档时create,index,update的区别

比眉伴天荒 2023-06-30 10:54 26阅读 0赞

# 前言 #

本文基于elasticsearch7.3.0版本

本文内容如下  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4OTg4OTY5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

# create #

当我们索引一个文档，怎么确认我们正在创建一个完全新的文档，而不是覆盖现有的呢？  
使用create

## 不指定文档id–create ##

# 请求
    POST my_index/_doc
    { 
      "tag":"不指定id"
    }
    
    # 响应
    { 
      "_index" : "my_index",
      "_type" : "_doc",
      // 每次返回的id不一样
      "_id" : "XxB2sW8B0oo5OtBYmEWT",
      "_version" : 1,
      // 这里表明是create
      "result" : "created",
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 2,
        "successful" : 2,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "_seq_no" : 1,
      "_primary_term" : 1
    }

## 指定文档id,不指定版本号,文档不存在–create ##

通过op\_type=create指定操作类型

# 请求
    POST my_index/_doc/3?op_type=create
    { 
      "tag":"指定id"
    }
    # 上面请求等价于
    POST my_index/_doc/3/_create
    { 
      "tag":"指定id"
    }
    
    # 响应
    { 
      "_index" : "my_index",
      "_type" : "_doc",
      "_id" : "3",
      "_version" : 1,
      "result" : "created",
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 2,
        "successful" : 2,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "_seq_no" : 7,
      "_primary_term" : 1
    }

## 指定文档id,不指定版本号,文档存在–报错 ##

# 请求
    POST my_index/_doc/3?op_type=create
    { 
      "tag":"指定id"
    }
    
    # 响应
    { 
      "error": { 
        "root_cause": [
          { 
            "type": "version_conflict_engine_exception",
            "reason": "[3]: version conflict, document already exists (current version [1])",
            "index_uuid": "clHAdrqBS1Ku-wM1d3ebOg",
            "shard": "0",
            "index": "my_index"
          }
        ],
        "type": "version_conflict_engine_exception",
        "reason": "[3]: version conflict, document already exists (current version [1])",
        "index_uuid": "clHAdrqBS1Ku-wM1d3ebOg",
        "shard": "0",
        "index": "my_index"
      },
      "status": 409
    }

## 指定文档id,指定版本号–报错 ##

**注意:create操作只支持内部版本控制,需要使用外部指定版本,请使用index**

*  op\_type:操作类型
 *  version:外部指定版本号
 *  version\_type:外部版本号校验类型,有两种:external(默认,外部版本号必须要大于内部版本号),external\_gte(外部版本号大于等于内部版本号)

# 请求
    POST my_index/_doc/3?op_type=create&version=2&version_type=external_gte
    { 
      "tag":"指定id"
    }
    
    # 响应
    { 
      "error": { 
        "root_cause": [
          { 
            "type": "action_request_validation_exception",
            "reason": "Validation Failed: 1: create operations only support internal versioning. use index instead;"
          }
        ],
        "type": "action_request_validation_exception",
        "reason": "Validation Failed: 1: create operations only support internal versioning. use index instead;"
      },
      "status": 400
    }

# index #

## 不指定文档id–create ##

## 指定文档id,不指定版本号,文档不存在–create ##

POST my_index/_doc/1
    { 
      "tag":"指定id"
    }
    
    # 响应
    { 
      "_index" : "my_index",
      "_type" : "_doc",
      "_id" : "1",
      "_version" : 1,
      "result" : "created",
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 2,
        "successful" : 2,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "_seq_no" : 2,
      "_primary_term" : 1
    }

## 指定文档id,不指定版本号,文档存在–update ##

POST my_index/_doc/1
    { 
      "tag":"指定id"
    }
    
    # 响应
    { 
      "_index" : "my_index",
      "_type" : "_doc",
      "_id" : "1",
      "_version" : 2,
      "result" : "updated",
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 2,
        "successful" : 2,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "_seq_no" : 3,
      "_primary_term" : 1
    }

## 指定文档id,指定版本号,文档不存在–create ##

POST my_index/_doc/2?op_type=index&version=2&version_type=external
    { 
      "tag":"指定id,指定外部版本号"
    }
    
    # 响应
    { 
      "_index" : "my_index",
      "_type" : "_doc",
      "_id" : "2",
      "_version" : 2,
      "result" : "created",
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 2,
        "successful" : 2,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "_seq_no" : 4,
      "_primary_term" : 1
    }

## 指定文档id,指定版本号,文档存在–校验外部版本号 ##

POST my_index/_doc/2?op_type=index&version=3&version_type=external
    { 
      "tag":"指定id,指定外部版本号"
    }
    
    # 校验通过
    { 
      "_index" : "my_index",
      "_type" : "_doc",
      "_id" : "2",
      "_version" : 2,
      "result" : "updated",
      "_shards" : { 
        "total" : 2,
        "successful" : 2,
        "failed" : 0
      },
      "_seq_no" : 5,
      "_primary_term" : 1
    }
    
    # 校验不通过
    { 
      "error": { 
        "root_cause": [
          { 
            "type": "version_conflict_engine_exception",
            "reason": "[2]: version conflict, current version [2] is higher or equal to the one provided [2]",
            "index_uuid": "clHAdrqBS1Ku-wM1d3ebOg",
            "shard": "0",
            "index": "my_index"
          }
        ],
        "type": "version_conflict_engine_exception",
        "reason": "[2]: version conflict, current version [2] is higher or equal to the one provided [2]",
        "index_uuid": "clHAdrqBS1Ku-wM1d3ebOg",
        "shard": "0",
        "index": "my_index"
      },
      "status": 409
    }

# update #

在elasticsearch中文档是不可修改的，但是可以通过其它方式来实现文档的更新  
内部原理: 删除旧文档，索引新文档  
在内部，ElasticSearch已将旧文档标记为已删除，并增加一个全新的文档.尽管你不能再对旧版本的文档进行访问，但它并不会立即消失.当继续索引更多的数据，ElasticSearch会在后台清理这些已删除文档.

## 整体更新 ##

# 整体更新
    POST my_index/_doc/3
    { 
      "tag":"整体更新",
      "desc":"新增的字段"
    }
    
    # 查询
    GET my_index/_doc/3
    
    # 响应
    { 
      "_index" : "my_index",
      "_type" : "_doc",
      "_id" : "3",
      "_version" : 4,
      "_seq_no" : 10,
      "_primary_term" : 1,
      "found" : true,
      "_source" : { 
        "tag" : "整体更新",
        "desc" : "新增的字段"
      }
    }

## 部分更新 ##

# 部分更新,使用doc
    POST my_index/_update/3
    { 
      "doc": { 
        "desc":"部分更新"
      }
    }
    
    # 查询
    GET my_index/_doc/3
    
    # 响应
    { 
      "_index" : "my_index",
      "_type" : "_doc",
      "_id" : "3",
      "_version" : 5,
      "_seq_no" : 11,
      "_primary_term" : 1,
      "found" : true,
      "_source" : { 
        "tag" : "整体更新",
        "desc" : "部分更新"
      }
    }

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