CentOS7.6安装Postgresq11和PostGIS

小咪咪 2023-07-03 12:21 137阅读 0赞

# CentOS7.6安装Postgresq11和PostGIS       #

由于在CentOS7.6下使用[《CentOS7.5安装Postgresql10.5和PostGIS》][CentOS7.5_Postgresql10.5_PostGIS]安装PostGIS时候会报错，下面安利一个 CentOS7.6安装Postgresq11和PostGIS。

*  **系统：Centos7.6**

--------------------

# 一、安装Postgres11 #

**1.首先安装PostgreSQL的rpm**

yum install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/11/redhat/rhel-7-ppc64le/pgdg-centos11-11-2.noarch.rpm -y

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

查看postgresql源

yum list | grep postgresql

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

安装postgresql11

yum install postgresql11-server postgresql11-contrib -y

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

这样会给我们的系统增加一个postgres用户

**2.修改默认数据目录**   
Postgresql默认的数据目录是/var/lib/pgsql/版本号/data目录，这要求你在/var下有足够的存储空间，我们这里将其换掉，假设/home的空间很大。

首先在/home下创建一个Postgresql的数据目录，指定所有者postgres同时分配权限

mkdir /home/postgresql_data
    chown postgres:postgres /home/postgresql_data
    chmod 750 /home/postgresql_data

设置环境变量

export PATH=/usr/pgsql-11/bin:$PATH
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/pgsql-11/lib
    export PGDATA=/home/postgresql_data

切换到postgres用户，使用initdb初始化数据库，这样在/home/postgresql\_data下会增加很多东西

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

在root用户下授权读写权限

chmod 777 /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-11.service

修改/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-11.service文件的内容，在\#Location of database direcotry里面指定正确的PGDATA：

#Location of database directory
    Environment=PGDATA=/home/postgresql_data

**3.在root用户下配置数据库服务开机启动并立即启动数据库服务**

systemctl enable postgresql-11.service
    service postgresql-11 start
    service postgresql-11 status

检查数据库状态，有绿色，没红色说明启动完成

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

这个过程中出现过一个错误，启动失败：

![20200205161918467.png][]

我这边将/home/postgresql\_data下的postmaster.pid删除再重启服务就好了

**4.修改密码**   
分为postgres用户密码和数据库密码，保持一致吧

passwd postgres

![202002062031298.png][]

设置数据库密码：

su postgres
    psql
    ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD '密码';

![20200205163949816.png][]

# 二、安装PostGIS #

**1.先安装几个工具包**

yum  install wget net-tools epel-release -y

然后安装postgis

yum install postgis25_11 postgis25_11-client -y

安装拓展工具

yum install ogr_fdw11 -y
    yum install pgrouting_11 -y

**2.创建数据库osm\_db**

CREATE DATABASE osm_db OWNER postgres;

进入数据库

\c osm_db

安装PostGis扩展

CREATE EXTENSION postgis;
    CREATE EXTENSION postgis_topology;
    CREATE EXTENSION ogr_fdw;

然后可以验证是否安装成功

SELECT postgis_full_version();

## 设置远程连接 ##

**1.修改配置文件**   
首先修改/home/postgresql\_data/pg\_hba.conf，改为：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

其次修改/home/postgresql\_data/postgresql.conf，改为：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

之后重启服务

service postgresql-10 restart

**！！！重要**：开启服务器防火墙

firewall-cmd --add-service=postgresql --permanent  开放postgresql服务
    firewall-cmd --reload  重载防火墙

[CentOS7.5_Postgresql10.5_PostGIS]: https://blog.csdn.net/junlong750/article/details/104183750
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200206201815608.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200205161044565.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200206202530963.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200205163052702.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200206203038857.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20200205161918467.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200205161918467.png
[202002062031298.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/202002062031298.png
[20200205163949816.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200205163949816.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200205172258426.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200205172114476.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2p1bmxvbmc3NTA=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70