QML QtLocation地图应用学习-4：行政区划

悠悠 2023-07-04 06:19 14阅读 0赞

# 1.实现思路 #

行政区划是一个常见的地图功能，我们需要给不同的区域绘制轮廓。如果使用百度或高德的网页在线地图进行开发，那么直接就可以查询到一个区域的边界点（高德比百度更密集点），之后就可以绘制这个区域了。

参见百度Demo：[http://lbsyun.baidu.com/jsdemo.htm\#c1\_10][http_lbsyun.baidu.com_jsdemo.htm_c1_10]）

![20200208230950273.png][]

百度的接口是这样获取区域边界的：

![20200208231150995.png][]

我们可以把需要的区域输入进去，然后把点打印出来，保存到文件里（这里我保存了成都的几个区的边界）。

有了边界点，那么绘制区划图就简单了，可以参见Qt示例（E:\\Qt\\Qt5.12.6\\Examples\\Qt-5.12.6\\location\\itemview\_transitions）。使用一个 MapItemView来加载数据Model，Model的每一项都包含一个区划路径，而delegate使用MapPolygon来绘制多边形区域。Model可以是QML定义的，也可以是C++定义的，如果是C++定义的，注意QList<QGeoCoordinate>是不会转为QML的path的（只有单个坐标点可以互相转换，Qt的源码中path也是通过JSValue来中转的），所以C++转的时候要自己处理下（我是分为了两个QList<double>）。

后来我发现一个新问题，MapPolygon的边框可能拖动或者缩放后会无缘无故的消失，于是采用了MapPolygon绘制区域加MapPolyline绘制边界的方式。

# 2.实现代码 #

效果：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9nb25namlhbmJvMTk5Mi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

（代码git链接：[https://github.com/gongjianbo/MyQtLocation][https_github.com_gongjianbo_MyQtLocation]）

主要代码：

//QML

import QtQuick 2.12
    import QtQuick.Controls 2.12
    import QtLocation 5.12
    import QtPositioning 5.12
    
    import MyMap 1.0  //C++注册的Model对应模块
    
    Item {
        id: control
    
        property int hoverIndex: -1
        //地图
        Map {
            id: the_map
            anchors.fill: parent
    
            minimumZoomLevel: 4
            maximumZoomLevel: 16
            zoomLevel: 10
            center: QtPositioning.coordinate(30.67, 104.06)
    
            plugin: Plugin { //这里使用了自定义plugin请忽略
                name: "mymap" //"esri" "mapbox" "osm" "here"
    
                PluginParameter {
                    name: "baseUrl"
                    // 自行指定瓦片路径
                    value: "file:///"+applicationDirPath+"/dianzi_gaode_ArcgisServerTiles/_alllayers"
                }
                PluginParameter {
                    name: "format"
                    value: "png"
                }
            }
            MapItemView{
                id: map_itemview
                //Cpp扩展的model，只有坐标点，还没写其他信息
                model: BoundaryModel{
                    id: map_itemmodel
                }
                //MapPolygon的边框有Bug，所以还是用折线来画，但是务须让首尾相连
                delegate: MapItemGroup{
                    MapPolygon{
                        id: item_polygon
                        function fromLatAndLong(latList, longList) {
                            let the_path=[];
                            if(latList.length!==longList.length)
                                return the_path;
                            for (let i=0; i<latList.length; i++) {
                                the_path.push( QtPositioning.coordinate(latList[i],longList[i]) );
                            }
                            return the_path;
                        }
                        //QList<coordxxx>不能直接和qml交互，so
                        path: fromLatAndLong(map_itemmodel.getLatitudes(index),
                                             map_itemmodel.getLongitudes(index))
                        //随机颜色，貌似飞地颜色也不一样了，待解决
                        color: Qt.hsla(Math.random(),0.9,0.3,1)
                        opacity: (control.hoverIndex===map_itemmodel.getId(index))?0.8:0.4
                        MouseArea{
                            anchors.fill: parent
                            onClicked: control.hoverIndex=map_itemmodel.getId(index);
                        }
                    }
                    MapPolyline{
                        id: item_polyline
                        path: item_polygon.path
                        line.width: 2
                        line.color: "black"
                    }
                }//end delegate
            }
    
        }
    }

//C++Model类

#ifndef BOUNDARYMODEL_H
    #define BOUNDARYMODEL_H
    
    #include <QAbstractListModel>
    #include <QQmlParserStatus>
    #include <QList>
    #include <QVariant>
    
    class BoundaryModel : public QAbstractListModel, public QQmlParserStatus
    {
        Q_OBJECT
        Q_INTERFACES(QQmlParserStatus)
    public:
        explicit BoundaryModel(QObject *parent = nullptr);
    
        // QQmlParserStatus：构造前
        void classBegin() override;
        // QQmlParserStatus：构造后
        void componentComplete() override;
    
        QHash<int,QByteArray> roleNames() const override;
    
        // Basic functionality:
        int rowCount(const QModelIndex &parent = QModelIndex()) const override;
    
        QVariant data(const QModelIndex &index, int role = Qt::DisplayRole) const override;
    
        Q_INVOKABLE int getId(int index);
        Q_INVOKABLE QList<double> getLatitudes(int index);
        Q_INVOKABLE QList<double> getLongitudes(int index);
    
        //加载数据
        void loadData();
        void updateData(const QList<int> &idList,
                        const QList<QList<double>> &latitudesList,
                        const QList<QList<double>> &longitudesList);
    
    private:
        void doLoad(const QString &path);
    
    signals:
        void loadFinish(const QList<int> &idList,
                        const QList<QList<double>> &latitudesList,
                        const QList<QList<double>> &longitudesList);
    
    private:
        QList<int> _id;
        QList<QList<double>> _latitudes;
        QList<QList<double>> _longitudes;
    
        QString _loadPath;
    };
    
    #endif // BOUNDARYMODEL_H

#include "BoundaryModel.h"
    
    #include <QGuiApplication>
    #include <QFile>
    #include <QDir>
    #include <QRegularExpression>
    //QT += concurrent
    #include <QtConcurrentRun>
    
    #include <QDebug>
    
    BoundaryModel::BoundaryModel(QObject *parent)
        : QAbstractListModel(parent)
    {
        qRegisterMetaType<QList<QList<double>>>("QList<QList<double>>");
        connect(this,&BoundaryModel::loadFinish,this,&BoundaryModel::updateData);
    }
    
    void BoundaryModel::classBegin()
    {
    
    }
    
    void BoundaryModel::componentComplete()
    {
        if(_loadPath.isEmpty()){ //区划边界数据的路径
            _loadPath=qApp->applicationDirPath()+"/pathfiles/";
        }
        loadData();
    }
    
    QHash<int, QByteArray> BoundaryModel::roleNames() const
    {
        return QHash<int,QByteArray>{
       {Qt::UserRole,"boundary"}};
    }
    
    int BoundaryModel::rowCount(const QModelIndex &parent) const
    {
        Q_UNUSED(parent)
        //qDebug()<<"BoundaryModel::rowCount"<<_data.count()<<parent.isValid();
        return _id.count();
    }
    
    QVariant BoundaryModel::data(const QModelIndex &index, int role) const
    {
        Q_UNUSED(index)
        Q_UNUSED(role)
        //qDebug()<<"BoundaryModel::data";
        return QVariant();
    }
    
    int BoundaryModel::getId(int index)
    {
        if(index<0||index>_id.count())
            return -1;
        return _id.at(index);
    }
    
    QList<double> BoundaryModel::getLatitudes(int index)
    {
        if(index<0||index>_id.count())
            return QList<double>();
        return _latitudes.at(index);
    }
    
    QList<double> BoundaryModel::getLongitudes(int index)
    {
        if(index<0||index>_id.count())
            return QList<double>();
        return _longitudes.at(index);
    }
    
    void BoundaryModel::loadData()
    {
        if(_loadPath.isEmpty())
            return;
        QtConcurrent::run([this](){
            doLoad(_loadPath);
        });
    }
    
    void BoundaryModel::updateData(const QList<int> &idList,
                                   const QList<QList<double> > &latitudesList,
                                   const QList<QList<double> > &longitudesList)
    {
        if(idList.count()!=latitudesList.count()
                ||latitudesList.count()!=longitudesList.count())
            return;
        beginResetModel();
        _id=idList;
        _latitudes=latitudesList;
        _longitudes=longitudesList;
        endResetModel();
    }
    
    void BoundaryModel::doLoad(const QString &path)
    {
        QList<int> id_list;
        QList<QList<double>> latitude_list;
        QList<QList<double>> longitude_list;
    
        //读取指定路径下的txt文件，并解析为坐标点List
        //const QString path=qApp->applicationDirPath()+"/data/PageBoundary/";
        QDir dir(path);
        const QStringList file_list = dir.entryList(QStringList{"*.txt"},
                                                    QDir::Files|QDir::Readable, QDir::Name);
        QRegularExpression re(R"(:\s*([0-9\.]+))");
        const int capturingGroupsCount = re.captureCount() + 1;
        if(capturingGroupsCount!=2)
            return;
        for(int i=0;i<file_list.count();i++){
            QFile file(path+file_list.at(i));
            if(file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly|QIODevice::Text)){
                QList<double> one_lat,one_long;
                double first_lat,first_long;
                bool is_first=true;
                while (!file.atEnd()) {
                    QString line = QString::fromLatin1(file.readLine());
                    if(line.isEmpty()) continue;
                    //QRegularExpressionMatch match=re.match(line);
                    //if(match.hasMatch()&&match.lastCapturedIndex()==1){
                    //    qDebug()<<match.captured(0)<<match.captured(1);
                    //}
    
                    QRegularExpressionMatchIterator iterator = re.globalMatch(line);
                    double latitude=0,longitude=0;
                    if(iterator.hasNext()) {
                        longitude=iterator.next().captured(1).toDouble();
                    }
                    if(iterator.hasNext()) {
                        latitude=iterator.next().captured(1).toDouble();
                    }
                    //把飞地单独作为一个区域，但是使用同一个id
                    if(is_first){
                        is_first=false;
                        first_lat=latitude;
                        first_long=longitude;
                        one_lat.push_back(latitude);
                        one_long.push_back(longitude);
                    }else{
                        //十位小数精度就够了
                        if(qAbs(first_lat-latitude)<1E-10
                                &&qAbs(first_long-longitude)<1E-10){
                            one_lat.push_back(latitude);
                            latitude_list.push_back(one_lat);
                            one_long.push_back(longitude);
                            longitude_list.push_back(one_long);
                            id_list.push_back(i);
                            is_first=true;
                            one_lat.clear();
                            one_long.clear();
                        }else{
                            one_lat.push_back(latitude);
                            one_long.push_back(longitude);
                        }
                    }
                }
                file.close();
                if(one_lat.count()>3){
                    latitude_list.push_back(one_lat);
                    longitude_list.push_back(one_long);
                    id_list.push_back(i);
                }
            }else{
                qDebug()<<"open error:"<<path+file_list.at(i)<<file.errorString();
            }
        }
        //qDebug()<<id_list.count()<<data_list.count();
        emit loadFinish(id_list,latitude_list,longitude_list);
    }

[http_lbsyun.baidu.com_jsdemo.htm_c1_10]: http://lbsyun.baidu.com/jsdemo.htm#c1_10
[20200208230950273.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200208230950273.png
[20200208231150995.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200208231150995.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9nb25namlhbmJvMTk5Mi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200208230410798.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9nb25namlhbmJvMTk5Mi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[https_github.com_gongjianbo_MyQtLocation]: https://github.com/gongjianbo/MyQtLocation