linux常用命令笔记（一）

﹏ヽ暗。殇╰゛Y 2023-07-08 11:25 16阅读 0赞

**1、修改网络参数，设置为为静态ip**

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
    # ifcfg-ens33为需要配置的网卡

TYPE=Ethernet
    PROXY_METHOD=none
    BROWSER_ONLY=no
    # first place (modifid)
    BOOTPROTO=static
    
    DEFROUTE=yes
    IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
    IPV6INIT=yes
    IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
    IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
    IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
    IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
    NAME=ens33
    UUID=78ce7184-e09d-4e57-ba0d-2b33de1386b2
    DEVICE=ens33
    # second place (modified)
    ONBOOT=yes
    
    # add follow items:
    IPADDR=192.168.40.200
    GATEWAY=192.168.40.2
    DNS1=114.114.114.114
    DNS2=8.8.8.8

附：（1）、[初学Linux之网络配置(IP、NETMASK、GATEWAY、DNS、DHCP)][Linux_IP_NETMASK_GATEWAY_DNS_DHCP]

（2）、[网络配置的四大基本要素： IP + Netmask + Gateway + DNS][IP _ Netmask _ Gateway _ DNS]

（3）、[centos系统下ip、dns、gateway设置][centos_ip_dns_gateway]

# 更改hosts文件
    vi /etc/hosts
    
    
    # linux下的如下
    127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
    ::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
    192.168.40.200 hadoop200
    192.168.40.201 hadoop201
    192.168.40.202 hadoop202
    192.168.40.203 hadoop203
    192.168.40.204 hadoop204
    192.168.40.205 hadoop205
    192.168.40.206 hadoop206
    192.168.40.207 hadoop207
    192.168.40.208 hadoop208

**2、查看修改当前时区**

# 查看时间信息
    timedatectl
    
    # 列出所有时区
    timedatectl list-timezones
    
    # 设置时区
    timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
    
    # 是否NTF服务器同步
    timedatectl set-ntp yes
    
    # 将硬件时钟调整为与本地时钟一致
    timedatectl set-local-rtc 1
    hwclock --systohc --localtime

**3、修改网络时间同步**

yum install ntpdate -y 
    ntpdate time.windows.com

**4、安装ifconfig命令所需要的包**

yum install net-tools

ps.[相关net-tools，ifconfig，ipv4,  ipv6, ARP表等][net-tools_ifconfig_ipv4_ ipv6_ ARP]

**5、安装wget命令**

# 安装wget命令
    yum install wget

**6、更改主机名**

hostnamectl set-hostname <newhostname>

**7、查看主机详细信息**

hostnamectl

**8、查看当前工作目录**

pwd

**9、关闭防火墙，禁止防火墙自启动**

# centos7
    systemctl stop firewalld
    systemctl disable firewalld

**10、管理服务的命令格式，开机启动管理**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMTAxMjEz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

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** 11、systemctl特殊用法**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMTAxMjEz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

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**12、cp 复制文件或目录**

$ cp [选项] source dest     （功能描述：复制source文件到 dest）

选项说明  
        选项 功能 -r 递归复制整个文件夹  
参数说明  
        参数 功能 source 源文件 dest 目标文件  
经验技巧  
        强制覆盖不提示的方法：\\cp  
案例  
（1）复制文件

$ cp xiyou/dssz/suwukong.txt xiyou/mingjie/

（2）递归复制整个文件夹

$ cp -r xiyou/dssz/ ./

**13、rm 移除文件或目录 **

$ rm [选项] deleteFile   （功能描述：递归删除目录中所有内容

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMTAxMjEz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

**14、 mv 移动文件与目录或重命名**  
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**15、 cat 查看文件内容**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMTAxMjEz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

# 将a.txt复制成b.txt里
    cat a.txt > b.txt
    
    # 将a.txt追加到b.txt里
    cat a.txt >> b.txt
    
    # 将a.txt加上行号复制成b.txt里
    cat -n a.txt > b.txt
    
    # 将a.txt加上行号追加到b.txt里
    cat -n a.txt >> b.txt
    
    
    # >  赋给  
    # >> 追加，用于日志

# 往文件里添加内容
    # cat << [分隔符] >> [输出文件]
    cat << EOF >> d.txt

**16、echo**

$ echo [选项] [输出内容]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMTAxMjEz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

# 案例
    [root@hadoop200 ~]# echo "hello\tworld"
    hello\tworld
    [root@hadoop200 ~]# echo -e "hello\tworld" 
    hello	world

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**17、more文件内容分屏查看器（分页）**

一次将文件载入内存

$ less 要查看的文件

**18、less分屏显示文件内容 **

**       ** less指令用来分屏查看文件内容，它的功能与more指令类似，但是比more指令更加强大，支持各种显示终端。 less指令在显示文件内容时，并不是一次将整个文件加载之后才显示，而是根据显示需要加载内容，对于显示 大型文件具有较高的效率

$ less 要查看的文件

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[Linux_IP_NETMASK_GATEWAY_DNS_DHCP]: https://blog.csdn.net/ly2020_/article/details/89330404
[IP _ Netmask _ Gateway _ DNS]: https://blog.csdn.net/yuanbinquan/article/details/52963845
[centos_ip_dns_gateway]: https://www.gwalker.cn/article-f1b9709g45ebe0f750835084354f764d.html
[net-tools_ifconfig_ipv4_ ipv6_ ARP]: https://blog.csdn.net/csdn_kou/article/details/90240586
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