Scala学习——数据结构

雨点打透心脏的1/2处 2023-07-09 03:27 55阅读 0赞

## Scala学习——数据结构 ##

### 一、定长数组 ###

1.先声明长度，再填充元素。【索引用圆括号】

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

2.直接指定元素

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

### 二、变长数组 ###

1.生成变长数组

val c = scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[String]()
        c += "python"
        c += ("java", "scala")
        for (i <- c)
          println(i)

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

### 三、list ###

1.定义一个list

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

2.一个列表是有头和尾的。

第一个元素为头，其余均为尾。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

3.一个空的列表是Nil

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

4.在列表头部添加数据，使用操作符  ::

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

5.合并多个list，使用操作符  :::

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

### 四、元组 ###

元组是不同类型的值的聚集。元组和列表不同，列表中各个元素必须是相同类型，而元组可以包含不同类型的元素。  
**圆括号括起来的即元组。**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

### 五、集合 ###

集(set)是不重复元素的集合。列表中的元素是按照插入的先后顺序来组织的，但是，”集”中的元素并不会记录元素的插入顺序，而是以“哈希”方法对元素的值进行组织，所以，它允许你快速地找到某个元素。【与Python中集合的概念类似】

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

1.向set内添加元素【如果定义为常量set，则无法添加元素】

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14][]

### 六、Map映射,类似Python字典。 ###

1.不可变映射

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16][]

2.不可变映射添加新的映射【无法更新键值对应的值】

var person = Map("name" -> "peter","gender" ->"male","age"->25)
    println(person)
    person += "location"->"bj"
    println(person)

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17][]

3.可变映射

**可以随意添加以及更新键值对。**

//引入可变映射
        import scala.collection.mutable.Map
        val person = Map("name" -> "peter","gender" ->"male","age"->25)
        println(person)
        person += "location"->"bj"
        println(person)
        person("name")="white"
        println(person)

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18][]

4.遍历映射

(1)遍历键值对

val person = Map("name" -> "peter","gender" ->"male","age"->25)
        for ((k,v) <- person)  println(k,v)

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19][]

(2)遍历键值

val person = Map("name" -> "peter","gender" ->"male","age"->25)
        for (k <- person.keys) println(k)
        println(person.keys)

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20][]

(3)遍历值

val person = Map("name" -> "peter","gender" ->"male","age"->25)
        for (v <- person.values) println(v)
        println(person.values)

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21][]

### 七、迭代器 ###

迭代器（Iterator）不是一个集合，但是，提供了访问集合的一种方法。【类似python中的一个可迭代对象】

1.迭代器的两个基本操作：

(1)next:可以返回迭代器的下一个元素

(2)hasnext:用于检测是否还有下一个元素

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 22][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjgzMDY5Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 23][]

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