使用 Xshell 远程登录到虚拟机 root账户

快来打我* 2023-07-12 09:24 9阅读 0赞

##### 一、前言： #####

首先，必须弄清楚一个问题，就是为什么需要进行远程登录这个操作呢？综合了我了解到的信息，列出了以下几点（不足之处，欢迎留言指正）  
1、便于远程管理和维护服务器  
2、操作更加便捷  
3、多扩展性  
4、有效保护信息安全性

##### 二、安装 vim #####

后续编辑文件时需要使用  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgwMjczOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

##### 三、查看网卡，记录IP地址 #####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgwMjczOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_30]

##### 四、安装 ssh服务器 openssh-server #####

**功能：** 让远程主机可以通过网络访问sshd服务，开始一个安全shell  
安装之后，才可以在其他系统中，通过ssh工具远程登陆  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgwMjczOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

*  查看所有进程  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgwMjczOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_30 1]
 *  启动服务  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgwMjczOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_30 2]
 *  启动vim，编辑配置文件sshd\_config  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgwMjczOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_30 3]
    
     *  修改权限：将PermitRootLogin的属性值由 prohibit-password 改为 yes  
        (按 i 进入编辑模式—>编辑完之后先按Esc键，再输入引号内的内容“ ：wq ”回车退出)  
        ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgwMjczOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_30 4]
 *  重启服务  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgwMjczOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_30 5]

##### 五、验证网络是否互通 #####

先检查本地主机（win7）与虚拟主机（Ubuntu）网络是否互通

*  查看本地主机 **IP**
    
     *  按快捷键 **Win+R** 进入“运行”菜单，在对话框中输入**cmd**  
        ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgwMjczOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_30 6]
     *  进入终端窗口，输入 **ipconfig** 回车找到 **主机IP**  
        ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgwMjczOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_30 7]
 *  查看虚拟机 **IP**
    
     *  进入虚拟机终端，输入 **ifconfig** 回车找到 **虚拟主机IP**  
        ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgwMjczOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_30 8]
 *  验证（无数据包丢失，表示成功）
    
     *  虚拟机终端中，输入命令 **ping 本地主机IP** 如：  
        ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgwMjczOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_30 9]
     *  本地主机终端中，输入命令 **ping 虚拟主机IP** 如：  
        ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgwMjczOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_30 10]

##### 六、启动远程操作软件Xshell #####

*  文件----->新建  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgwMjczOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_30 11]
 *  打开新建窗口编辑
    
     *  ① 输入名称，可任意设置
     *  ② 选择 **ssh** 协议
     *  ③ 输入主机名（对应虚拟机下的 **IP地址** ）  
        ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgwMjczOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_30 12]
 *  用户信息认证
    
     *  ① 点击用户身份验证
     *  ② 输入所要连接用户的用户名称
     *  ③ 输入对应用户的密码（一定不能弄错哟）
     *  ④ 这一步可以直接点击连接（即现在就开始连接虚拟机），也可以先点击确定保存起来后续再连接也是可以的  
        ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgwMjczOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_30 13]
 *  是否接受并保存密钥
    
     *  看个人情况自由选择（若经常使用的话，推荐“接收并保存”）  
        ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgwMjczOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_30 14]
 *  OK，完美  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgwMjczOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_30 15]

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