类比MySQL，学习Tableau

深藏阁楼爱情的钟 2023-07-13 12:18 30阅读 0赞

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每晚九点，我们准时相约  ![format_png][]

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大家好，我是黄同学![format_png 2][]

今天带大家通过类比MySQL，来学习Tableau。

**tableau连接mysql**

主机：localhost，端口口：3306，用户名：root，密码：123456。

![format_png 3][]

## 1）连接MySQL ##

连接MySQL一般很简单，只需要填写主机、端口号、用户名、密码就可以。

对于连接其它不同的数据系统，有可能需要另外安装驱动包，等有需求的时候，就自行百度即可。

## 2）选择数据库、数据表 ##

![format_png 4][]

## 3）不同数据源进行表连接 ##

一个来自mysql表，一个来自excel表

将mysql中的dept表，和excel的emp表进行表连接。

连接方式有：内连接、左连接、右连接。

① 导入mysql中的dept表

![format_png 5][]

② 在原来基础之上：将emp.xls表添加进来。

![format_png 6][]

③ 选择是使用“内连接”，“左连接”，还是“右连接”

![format_png 7][]

**tableau常用组件的学习**

## 1）基本筛选器(类似mysql中的where) ##

① 基本筛选器——维度筛选器

![format_png 8][]

注意：将维度指标，拖动到右侧的“筛选器”窗口中，就叫做“维度筛选器”。

② 基本筛选器——度量筛选器

Ⅰ 依次点击1→2→3步骤

![format_png 9][]

Ⅱ 当出现如下界面后，依次点击1→2步骤

![format_png 10][]

Ⅲ 当出现如下界面后，双击红色方框中这个按钮

![format_png 11][]

Ⅳ 当出现如下界面后，可以选择平均值的范围大小

![format_png 12][]

③ 基本筛选器——日期筛选器(实际就是维度筛选器)

![format_png 13][]

Ⅰ 直接将这个日期字段拖动到“筛选器”中，再点击季度这个字段

![format_png 14][]

Ⅱ 当出现如下界面，勾选我们想要的第2、3季度，点击确定即可

![format_png 15][]

Ⅲ 最终效果如下

![format_png 16][]

## 2）上下文筛选器(类似于mysql中的and) ##

案例：选择家具类产品并且销售额大于100000元的商品

① 先列出不同产品名称下，不同类别的销售额

![format_png 17][]

② 先筛选出所有“家具类”产品，依次点击1→ 2→3

![format_png 18][]

③ 再将“销售额”拖动到“筛选器”中，在选择“总和”，再点击“下一步”

![format_png 19][]

④ 当出现如下这个界面，选择“至少”，在填写100000，最后点击“确定”

![format_png 20][]

⑤ 最终效果如下

![format_png 21][]

## 3）条件筛选器 ##

案例：只显示家具类，只含“书架”、“桌子”子类并且销售总额大于1000000元并且利润大于300000元的子类。

① 先给出不同类别、不同子类别下的利润和销售额

![format_png 22][]

② 选择类别是“家具”类的产品：

![format_png 23][]

③ 选择子类别是“书架”、“桌子”类的产品：

![format_png 24][]

④ 当出现如下界面时，对“条件筛选器”使用公式，筛选出销售总额大于1000000元并且利润大于300000元的子类。

![format_png 25][]

## 4）tableau顶部筛选器(类似于mysql中的limit) ##

案例：显示家具类产品中，销售额最好的前3个子类别

① 先列出不同类别、不同子类别下的销售额情况

![format_png 26][]

② 选择家具类别的产品

![format_png 27][]

③ 使用顶部筛选器：顶部代表展示最大的几条记录；底部代表展示最小的几条记录

注意：这个并不表示排序，排序在下面会讲到。

![format_png 28][]

④ 上述操作的结果有一个缺陷：应该是3条结果，但是只展示了2条结果。

![format_png 29][]

⑤ 点击常规，并完成如下操作

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⑥ 最终效果如下

![format_png 31][]

## 5）tableau通配符筛选器(类似于mysql中的like) ##

案例：以“罗枝”打头的产品并且销售额大于5000的产品名称

① 展示不同产品名称的销售额

![format_png 32][]

② 使用“通配符”筛选器，找出以“罗技”打头的产品。

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③ 再筛选销售额大于5000的产品

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④ 最终效果如下

![format_png 35][]

## 6）tableau中的排序问题(类似于mysql中的order by) ##

案例：可以按照字段排序，也可以手动排序

① 完成如下操作

![format_png 36][]

② 选择“手动排序”

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③ 当出现如下界面，将家具移动到首行位置

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注意：对于按照不同字段排序，这里就不讲述了，自行下去尝试。很简单。

## 7）字段的合并、拆分与分层 ##

① 合并字段

案例：将国家、地区和城市三个字段，合并到一起

Ⅰ 按住ctrl键，选中国家、地区和城市，依次点击创建→合并字段

![format_png 39][]

Ⅱ 当出现如下界面的时候，点击“编辑合并字段”当出现绿色方框的时候，修改名称为“地址”，调整字段的顺序，为国家、地区、城市。

![format_png 40][]

Ⅲ 最终效果如下

![format_png 41][]

② 拆分字段(自动拆分与自定义拆分)

Ⅰ 自动按照同一个分隔符，进行拆分

![format_png 42][]

Ⅱ 自定义拆分

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Ⅲ 当出现如下界面时，填入分隔符，保留2列

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Ⅳ 最终效果如下

![format_png 45][]

③ 分层(下钻)

Ⅰ分别完成如下的1，2，3步操作

![format_png 46][]

Ⅱ 当出现如下界面，给分层取一个名称。

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Ⅲ 完成1，2，3步操作，完成“下钻”。

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Ⅳ 最终效果如下

![format_png 49][]

注意：“年月日”的下钻，这个字段自动就会分层，自己下去试试。

## 8）分组：数据源分组、文件夹分组 ##

这里讲述的分组，不同于MySQL中的分组。分组分为“数据源分组(不同的数据源)”，“文件夹分组(同一个数据源)”。以文件夹分组来说，这里的分组指的是把相似的字段放到同一个文件夹下面，当字段很多的时候，拖动起来不方便，创建了文件夹以后，方便我们管理和使用每个字段。

① 文件夹分组为例说明

Ⅰ 选择“按文件夹分组”

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Ⅱ 选择“创建文件夹”

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Ⅲ 给文件夹命名

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Ⅳ 将“订单名称”、“订单ID”拖动到文件夹中，最终效果如下

![format_png 53][]

## 9）计算字段(很重要) ##

计算字段，指的就是为某些字段做数据运算、逻辑运算等操作。

① 案例说明：利润＜100，返回低利润；利润>100，返回高利润。

![format_png 54][]

② 点击“创建字段”

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③ 完成1，2，3步骤

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④ 然后可以看到，字段栏多了一个“利润评价”字段

![format_png 57][]

⑤ 最终可以去查看一下“数据源”，最终效果如下

![format_png 58][]

## 10）参数的使用 ##

针对上面“计算字段”中的案例，如果利润＜100，返回低利润；利润>100，返回高利润。很显然上述分类不符合规范，你卖一个铅笔，大于100肯定是高利润。但是你卖一个飞机，你就要动态调节这个利润平衡点了。这就是下面要讲述的参数。

① 创建参数

![format_png 59][]

② 完成如下的1，2，3，4步骤

![format_png 60][]

③ 然后可以看到，字段栏左下角多了一个“利润平衡点”字段

![format_png 61][]

④ 右击鼠标，选择显示控件参数

![format_png 62][]

⑤ 重新编辑之前的“利润评价”计算字段

![format_png 63][]

⑥ 当我们修改这里，源数据也会跟着变化。

![format_png 64][]

⑦ 当我们选择500以后，看看效果

![format_png 65][]

注意：以前的172.76是高利润。当换成500以后，这里就变成了低利润。

## 11）集合的使用 ##

用一个案例讲述：有哪些客户在2016年，2017年都购买过我的产品。

① 先展示出所有客户，在不同年份的购买订单数据

![format_png 66][]

② 只选择2016年购买过的客户：将“年(订单日期)”拖动到筛选器中，进行选择过滤

![format_png 67][]

③ 当出现如下界面，勾选2016年

![format_png 68][]

④ 完成如下步骤

![format_png 69][]

⑤ 完成如下步骤

![format_png 70][]

⑥ 重复上述步骤，筛选207年购买过的客户。(这里不说明了)，最终效果如下

![format_png 71][]

⑦ 最关键的一步：完成如下步骤

![format_png 72][]

⑧ 将创建好的集合，拖动到筛选字段中，就大功告成了

![format_png 73][]

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朱小五

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