克隆数据库，速度至上

た入场券 2023-07-17 02:42 13阅读 0赞

《[Linux 7安装Oracle 11g打怪经历][Linux 7_Oracle 11g]》完成了数据库软件的初始安装，如果要同步复制到多套相同的环境，选择克隆数据库，是个好的选择。

### 原始数据库    ###

首先，将数据库软件的$ORACLE\_HOME路径进行打包，但是要注意，如果使用root打包，会提示错误，

[root@bisal]$ tar zcvf 11g.tar 11.2.0.4
    tar: Exiting with failure status due to previous errors

这是因为$ORACLE\_HOME/bin/nmb中存在root属主文件，

-rws--x--- 1 root   dba 33832 Feb 25 00:02 nmb

改为root打包即可，

[root@bisal]$ 11g.tar

### 目标数据库 ###

创建用户、用户组，`并配置环境变量，`

groupadd -g 101 dba
    groupadd -g 102 oinstall
    useradd -m -u 1001 -g oinstall -G dba -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash -c "Oracle 11g Software Owner" oracle

`还需要创建一些文件夹，并授予权限，`

mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle
    mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4
    ln -s /opt/app/oracle /u01/app/oracle
    chown -R oracle:dba /u01
    chown -R oracle:dba /opt/app/oracle

需要一些Package，写了个小脚本，可以直接执行，检查当前系统是否存在这些Package，不存在的yum -y自动进行安装，无需交互，方便快捷，

> https://github.com/bisal-liu/oracle/blob/master/install\_package\_for\_oracle11g.sh

配置/etc/sysctl.conf系统参数，

echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576"  >> /etc/sysctl.conf
    echo "fs.file-max = 6815744"    >> /etc/sysctl.conf
    echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096"     >> /etc/sysctl.conf
    echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128"   >> /etc/sysctl.conf
    echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500"        >> /etc/sysctl.conf
    echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144"   >> /etc/sysctl.conf
    echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304"      >> /etc/sysctl.conf
    echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144"   >> /etc/sysctl.conf
    echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048576"      >> /etc/sysctl.conf
    sysctl -p

配置/etc/security/limits.conf系统参数，

echo "oracle    soft    nproc           2047"   >> /etc/security/limits.conf
    echo "oracle    hard    nproc           16384"  >> /etc/security/limits.conf
    echo "oracle    soft    nofile          65536"  >> /etc/security/limits.conf
    echo "oracle    hard    nofile          65536"  >> /etc/security/limits.conf

将原始数据库11g.tar，FTP至目标数据库$ORACLE\_HOME上级路径进行解压缩，

[oracle@bisal]$ echo $ORACLE_HOM
    /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4
    [oracle@bisal]$ pwd
    /u01/app/oracle/product
    [oracle@bisal]$ tar xvf 11g.tar

进入$ORACLE\_HOME/clone/bin路径，执行clone.pl，开始克隆数据库，注意加上-jreLoc指定Oracle JDK的jre，

[oracle@bisal]$ perl clone.pl ORACLE_BASE=$ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME 
    ORACLE_HOME_NAME=OraDb11g_home1 -jreLoc /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/jre
    
    
    ./runInstaller
     -clone -waitForCompletion  "ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle" 
    "ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4" 
    "ORACLE_HOME_NAME=OraDb11g_home1" -jreLoc  /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/jre  
    -silent -noConfig -nowait
    Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
    
    
    Checking swap space: must be greater than 500 MB.   Actual 4095 MB    Passed
    Preparing
     to launch Oracle Universal Installer from 
    /tmp/OraInstall2020-03-17_12-57-16PM. Please wait ...Oracle Universal 
    Installer, Version 11.2.0.4.0 Production
    Copyright (C) 1999, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
    
    
    You can find the log of this install session at:
     /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/cloneActions2020-03-17_12-57-16PM.log
    .................................................................................................... 100% Done.
    
    
    
    
    Installation in progress (Tuesday, March 17, 2020 12:57:22 PM CST)
    ..............................................................................                                                 
     78% Done.
    Install successful
    
    
    Linking in progress (Tuesday, March 17, 2020 12:57:24 PM CST)
    Link successful
    
    
    Setup in progress (Tuesday, March 17, 2020 12:57:46 PM CST)
    Setup successful
    
    
    End of install phases.(Tuesday, March 17, 2020 12:58:07 PM CST)
    WARNING:A
     new inventory has been created in this session. However, it has not yet
     been registered as the central inventory of this system.
    To register the new inventory please run the script '/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh' with root privileges.
    If you do not register the inventory, you may not be able to update or patch the products you installed.
    The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
    /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
    /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/root.sh
    To execute the configuration scripts:
        1. Open a terminal window
        2. Log in as "root"
        3. Run the scripts
        
    The cloning of OraDb11g_home1 was successful.
    Please check '/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/cloneActions2020-03-17_12-57-16PM.log' for more details.

P.S. Oracle JDK和OpenJDK的区别和联系，可以参考《[OpenJDK和Oracle JDK有什么区别和联系？][OpenJDK_Oracle JDK]》)

按照提示，使用root，执行这两个脚本，完成克隆数据库的操作，

/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
    /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/root.sh

概括一下，克隆数据库，需要如下操作，

1.打包原始数据库$ORACLE\_HOME文件夹，生成11g.tar。

2.目标数据库中做好准备工作，包括账号、文件夹、系统参数、环境变量等。

3.11g.tar通过FTP目标数据库$ORACLE\_HOME上级路径，解压缩11g.tar。

4.执行$ORACLE\_HOME/clone/bin/clone.pl。

5.root执行收尾脚本。

当原始和目标数据库服务器环境几乎相同的场景，非常适合使用克隆数据库的方式安装数据库软件，在目标数据库上，消耗的只是一些系统文件链接的时间，安装速度提升，而且如上的操作，其实都可以通过脚本实现自动化，一键克隆安装，不是不可能。

作为技术人员，实现功能的同时，我们应该多考虑下如何通过技术降低工作的难度，降低人的消耗，才可能让我们的工作，更有价值。

**Oracle安装部署相关的历史文章：**

[Linux 7安装Oracle 11g打怪经历][Linux 7_Oracle 11g]

[非Oracle Linux下安装Oracle 19c][Oracle Linux_Oracle 19c]

[Oracle 19c之RPM安装][Oracle 19c_RPM]

[数据库安装的两个小错误][Link 1]

[12c CC，不得已的重装][12c CC]

[Oracle 12c CC安装碰见的认证问题][Oracle 12c CC]

[Oracle 12c CC安装部署攻略 (下)][Oracle 12c CC_]

[Oracle 12c CC安装部署攻略 (上)][Oracle 12c CC_ 1]

[Oracle Patch补丁体系和如何打补丁][Oracle Patch]

[客户端ADR配置][ADR]

[安装Oracle Linux碰见的几个问题][Oracle Linux]

[11g Grid Control安装过程的一些“坑”][11g Grid Control]

**近期热文：**

《[公众号600篇文章分类和索引][600]》

《[Oracle ACE，一段不可思议的旅程][Oracle ACE]》

《[Oracle 19c之RPM安装][Oracle 19c_RPM]》

《[应用执行慢的问题排查路径][Link 2]》

《[ACOUG年会感想][ACOUG]》

《[千万级表数据更新的需求][Link 3]》

《[探寻大表删除字段慢的原因][Link 4]》

《[一次Oracle bug的故障排查过程思考][Oracle bug]》

《[新增字段的一点一滴技巧][Link 5]》

《[对recursive calls的深刻理解][recursive calls]》

《[《Oracle Concept》第三章 - 12][Oracle Concept_ - 12]》

《[幂等性][Link 6]》

《[一次惊心动魄的问题排查][Link 7]》

《[Java日期中“y”和“Y”的区别][Java_y_Y]》

《[英超梦幻之行][Link 8]》

《[藤子不二雄博物馆之行][Link 9]》

《[传控Tiki-Taka战术解惑][Tiki-Taka]》

[Linux 7_Oracle 11g]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/104809520
[OpenJDK_Oracle JDK]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/104832084
[Oracle Linux_Oracle 19c]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/104787742
[Oracle 19c_RPM]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/100909708
[Link 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/98694200
[12c CC]: http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI2NzM1OTM4OA%3D%3D&chksm=ea8148dfddf6c1c93bc2ca9a3e0ec496a5f6ea7e4e422e940d2e30727d8edb0d2a277ab26ad0&idx=1&mid=2247486764&scene=21&sn=5f86cf780a12f6e867db9d4188266f9f#wechat_redirect
[Oracle 12c CC]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/78150512
[Oracle 12c CC_]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/54743908
[Oracle 12c CC_ 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/54743923
[Oracle Patch]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/53365818
[ADR]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/52664867
[Oracle Linux]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/52551438
[11g Grid Control]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/51821856
[600]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/104548761
[Oracle ACE]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/94386471
[Link 2]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/102480420
[ACOUG]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/103675746
[Link 3]: http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI2NzM1OTM4OA%3D%3D&chksm=ea814beaddf6c2fcd242591e4892a3ac21a272f3307b9771a8ca9b76ef96b1a7bd8249c564fa&idx=1&mid=2247487001&scene=21&sn=15394f15aedee7f8f261fa7294df08a5#wechat_redirect
[Link 4]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/86635285
[Oracle bug]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/101729688
[Link 5]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/103626212
[recursive calls]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/100074863
[Oracle Concept_ - 12]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/100788405
[Link 6]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/92802477
[Link 7]: http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI2NzM1OTM4OA%3D%3D&chksm=ea8149e8ddf6c0fea92181efe658b69c6acd52b691cd562e830f0e63a565215a136105272d27&idx=1&mid=2247486491&scene=21&sn=584c4ac132b69a1e319b2a2bedfd49e2#wechat_redirect
[Java_y_Y]: http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI2NzM1OTM4OA%3D%3D&chksm=ea815467ddf6dd717251b9f1b6ccd1ec838908ff11d6981159db79c56a2fa554ea5f483c969f&idx=1&mid=2247487892&scene=21&sn=7aa998ef83b3ba3308615808dc3ceba2#wechat_redirect
[Link 8]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/103044518
[Link 9]: https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/103379370
[Tiki-Taka]: http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI2NzM1OTM4OA%3D%3D&chksm=ea814e5cddf6c74a763ac9fac98f94e538bca009fdcff3795533026269686983ceae190fe883&idx=1&mid=2247486383&scene=21&sn=d4c54d7033fc9a21d622e5937cddf64e#wechat_redirect