python常用可视化包matplotlib入门教程

古城微笑少年丶 2023-07-23 05:59 13阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*   *  常见用法
     *  代码演示
     *  常见报错
     *   *  python导入包失败ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'matplotlib.pyplot'; 'matplotlib' is not a package

## 常见用法 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NleHlsdW5h_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

## 代码演示 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NleHlsdW5h_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

# from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    from random import choice
    # 类的简单使用
    class dog():
        def __init__(self, name, age):
            self.name = name
            self.age = age
    
        def sit(self):
            print(self.name.title() + " is now sitting.")
    
        def roll_over(self):
            print(self.name.title() + " rolled over!")
    
    # matplotlib的简单使用
    class matPlot():
        def __init__(self):
            print("简单的绘图练习")
    
        # 简易的使用
        def test_1(self):
            y = [1, 2, 5, 8, 9]
            plt.plot(y)
            plt.show()
    
        # 设置x ， y ， title
        def test_2(self):
            y = [1, 2, 5, 8, 9]
            plt.plot(y, linewidth=5)
            # 标题
            plt.title("title", fontsize=20)
            # x轴
            plt.xlabel("x", fontsize=15)
            # y轴
            plt.ylabel("y", fontsize=15)
            # 刻度尺样式，字体大小为15
            plt.tick_params(axis='both',  labelsize=15)
            plt.show()
    
        # 同时设置x和y对应关系
        def test_3(self):
            x = [1,2,3,4,5]
            y = [2,4,6,8,0]
            plt.plot(x,y)
            plt.show()
    
        # 散点图
        def test_4(self):
            x = [1,2,3,4,5]
            y = [2,4,6,8,0]
            plt.scatter(x,y)
            plt.show()     
        
        # 自动计算
        def test_5(self):
            x_value = list(range(1, 1001))
            y_value = [x**2 for x in x_value]
            plt.scatter(x_value,y_value)
            # 设置x，y轴的刻度，x[0,1001] y[1,100001]
            plt.axis([0,1001,1,100001])
            plt.show()
    
        # 设置x，y轴的刻度
        def test_6(self):
            x_value = list(range(1, 1001))
            y_value = [x**2 for x in x_value]
            # 删除数据的轮廓
            plt.scatter(x_value,y_value, edgecolors=None, s=9)
            # 设置x，y轴的刻度，x[0,1001] y[1,100001]
            plt.axis([0,1001,1,100001])
            plt.show()
    
        # 设置线条的颜色 默认蓝色
        def test_7(self):
            x_value = list(range(1, 1001))
            y_value = [x**2 for x in x_value]
            # 设置颜色
            plt.scatter(x_value,y_value, edgecolors=None, s=9, c='red')
            plt.axis([0,1001,1,100001])
            plt.show()
    
        # 使用颜色渐变 参数 cmap 告诉 pyplot 使用哪个颜色映射
        def test_8(self):
            x_value = list(range(1, 1001))
            y_value = [x**2 for x in x_value]
            # 设置颜色
            plt.scatter(x_value,y_value, edgecolors=None, s=9, c= y_value, cmap=plt.cm.Blues)
            plt.axis([0,1001,1,100001])
            plt.show()
    
        # 自动保存图
        def test_9(self):
            x_value = list(range(1, 1001))
            y_value = [x**2 for x in x_value]
            # 设置颜色
            plt.scatter(x_value,y_value, edgecolors=None, s=9, c= y_value, cmap=plt.cm.Blues)
            plt.axis([0,1001,1,100001])
            # 第二个实参指定将图表多余的空白区域裁剪掉。如果要保留图表周围多余的空白区域，可省略这个实参
            plt.savefig("xxx.png", bbox_inches='tight')
    
        def test_10(self):
            # x,y 对应关系
            x_value = list(range(1, 1001))
            y_value = [x**2 for x in x_value]
            # 设置蓝色渐变
            plt.scatter(x_value,y_value, edgecolors=None, s=9, c= y_value, cmap=plt.cm.Blues)
            # 设置x ，y轴的标题
            plt.xlabel("xlabel", fontsize=13)
            plt.ylabel("ylabel",fontsize=13)
            # 设置x,y轴刻度尺
            plt.axis([0,1001,1,100001])
            # 设置标题
            plt.title("done with this page")
            # 第二个实参指定将图表多余的空白区域裁剪掉。如果要保留图表周围多余的空白区域，可省略这个实参
            plt.savefig("xxx.png", bbox_inches='tight')
    
    class randomWalk():
        def __init__(self, number_point = 5000):
            print("随机漫步练习")
            # 初始化属性
            self.number_point = number_point
            # 设置起点
            self.x_values = [0]
            self.y_values = [0]
        
        def fill_walk(self):
            while len(self.x_values) < self.number_point:
                # 前进方向和前进距离
                x_direction = choice([-1, 1])
                x_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
                x_step = x_direction * x_distance
                 
                y_direction = choice([-1, 1])
                y_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
                y_step = y_direction * y_distance
    
                # 拒绝原地踏步
                # if x_step =0 and y_step =0:
                    # continue
                # 计算下一个X Y
                next_x = self.x_values[-1] + x_step
                next_y = self.y_values[-1] + y_step
    
                self.x_values.append(next_x)
                self.y_values.append(next_y)
            print("done")
       
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        # 类的练习
        dog1 = dog("dog_a", 12)
        # dog1.sit()
        # dog1.roll_over()
    
        # 开启matplotlib的入门练习之旅
        matplotlibTest = matPlot()
        # matplotlibTest.test_1()
        # matplotlibTest.test_2()
        # matplotlibTest.test_3()
        # matplotlibTest.test_4()
        # matplotlibTest.test_5()
        # matplotlibTest.test_6()
        # matplotlibTest.test_7()
        # matplotlibTest.test_8()
        # matplotlibTest.test_9()
        # matplotlibTest.test_10()
    
    
        random_walk_test = randomWalk()
        random_walk_test.fill_walk()
        plt.scatter(random_walk_test.x_values, random_walk_test.y_values, s=15)
        plt.title("random walk")
        plt.show()

## 常见报错 ##

### python导入包失败ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘matplotlib.pyplot’; ‘matplotlib’ is not a package ###

文件名称命名问题，不要将文件名命名为`matplotlib.py`

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