如何实现动态表单功能

￡神魔★判官ぃ 2023-07-23 15:53 131阅读 0赞

### 前言 ###

客户提出问题“手机端（app\\小程序等）每次修改表单的字段名或者新增其它表单时，每次都需要重新审核，由于表单修改很频繁且审核时间又很长，导致程序经常使用中断，体验不好。”；根据客户的问题，总结了两种方法，都是不需要修改到手机端，所以不用经过审核。

Tips：$.load(url)和iframe也能实现，但第一个要解决跨域问题，第二个需要每次更新引用的html，操作起来都不方便，这里就不做过多分析。

### 实现过程 ###

根据是否能操作DOM，分成两种实现方式：

第一种：能操作DOM情况；首先调用接口获取json数据（为了方便演示，这里使用本地json，数据会包含html+css+js），然后使用$('\#id').html(json)进行渲染；

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <style>
            /*html, body {
                height: 100%;
                padding: 0;
                margin: 0;
            }*/
        </style>
    </head>
    
    <body>
        <div id="mobilecontent"></div>
        
        
        <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
        <script src="api.json"></script>
        <script>
        $(function() {
            // console.log(apiData.mobilecontent);
            $('#mobilecontent').html(apiData.mobilecontent);
            // $('.getUrl').load('flowDealJob.html');
        });
        </script>
    </body>
    
    </html>

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2tpbmcwOTY0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

第二种：不能操作DOM情况，这里以uniApp框架为例，其它框架同理；

1. 调用接口获取json数据，为了方便演示，这里使用本地json；

“label”用于判断什么组件，“type”用于判断组件类型，“name”组件name属性，“title”字段名，“placeholder”默认提示信息，“maxLength”输入最长长度，“required”是否必填，“requiredMessage”必填提示信息，“ruleType”校验规则的类型，“checkRule”校验规则的长度，“ruleMessage”校验规则的提示信息，“option”选择项内容，“mode”选择的类型（单选、多列、日期等），“checked”是否选中等；可根据实际情况需要，和组件的属性来对接口返回字段增改删；

// 动态表单数据
    module.exports = {
    	"errcode": 0,
    	"data": [{
    			"sort": 1,
    			"label": "input",
    			"type": "text",
    			"name": "sqrxm",
    			"title": "申请单位名称",
    			"placeholder": "请填写申请单位名称",
    			"maxLength": 20,
    			"required": true,
    			"requiredMessage": "请填写申请单位名称",
    			"ruleType": "string",
    			"checkRule": "1,50",
    			"ruleMessage": "申请单位名称必须为1-50个字符！"
    		},
    		{
    			"sort": 2,
    			"label": "input",
    			"type": "text",
    			"name": "sqrdz",
    			"title": "申请单位地址",
    			"placeholder": "请填写申请单位地址",
    			"maxLength": 20,
    			"required": true,
    			"requiredMessage": "请填写申请单位地址",
    			"ruleType": "string",
    			"checkRule": "1,50",
    			"ruleMessage": "申请单位地址必须为1-50个字符！"
    		},
    		{
    			"sort": 3,
    			"label": "select",
    			"type": "",
    			"name": "township",
    			"title": "所属镇区",
    			"required": false,
    			"ruleType": "notcheck",
    			"checkRule": "",
    			"ruleMessage": "不需要",
    			"option": ['请选择', '东区', '石岐区', '古镇', '五桂山', '其他'],
    			"mode": "selector",
    			"index": 0
    		},
    		{
    			"sort": 4,
    			"label": "select",
    			"type": "",
    			"name": "sqrzjlx",
    			"title": "申请单位证件类型",
    			"placeholder": "请选择申请单位证件类型",
    			"required": true,
    			"requiredMessage": "请选择申请单位证件类型",
    			"ruleType": "notnull",
    			"checkRule": "",
    			"ruleMessage": "请选择申请单位证件类型",
    			"option": ['请选择', '统一社会信用代码', '工商营业执照', '组织机构代码', '登记证', '其他'],
    			"mode": "selector",
    			"index": 0
    		},
    		{
    			"sort": 5,
    			"label": "select",
    			"type": "",
    			"name": "dlxzq",
    			"title": "多列选择器",
    			"placeholder": "",
    			"required": true,
    			"requiredMessage": "",
    			"ruleType": "notnull",
    			"checkRule": "",
    			"ruleMessage": "请选择城市",
    			"option": [
    				['中国', '伊朗'],
    				['广东省', '山东省'],
    				['中山市', '北京', '上海', '广州']
    			],
    			"mode": "multiSelector",
    			"multiIndex": [0, 0, 0]
    		},
    		{
    			"sort": 6,
    			"label": "select",
    			"type": "",
    			"name": "rqxzq",
    			"title": "日期选择器",
    			"placeholder": "",
    			"required": true,
    			"requiredMessage": "",
    			"ruleType": "notnull",
    			"checkRule": "",
    			"ruleMessage": "请选择日期",
    			"option": null,
    			"mode": "date",
    			"index": 0
    		},
    		{
    			"sort": 7,
    			"label": "radio",
    			"type": "",
    			"name": "radio",
    			"title": "单选框",
    			"placeholder": "",
    			"required": false,
    			"ruleType": "notcheck",
    			"checkRule": "",
    			"ruleMessage": "不需要",
    			"option": [{
    					"value": "radio1",
    					"text": "选项1"
    				},
    				{
    					"value": "radio2",
    					"text": "选项2"
    				}
    			]
    		},
    		{
    			"sort": 8,
    			"label": "checkbox",
    			"type": "",
    			"name": "checkbox",
    			"title": "复选框",
    			"placeholder": "",
    			"required": false,
    			"ruleType": "notcheck",
    			"checkRule": "",
    			"ruleMessage": "不需要",
    			"option": [{
    					"value": "checkbox1",
    					"text": "选项1"
    				},
    				{
    					"value": "checkbox2",
    					"text": "选项2"
    				},
    				{
    					"value": "checkbox3",
    					"text": "选项3"
    				}
    			]
    		},
    		{
    			"sort": 9,
    			"label": "switch",
    			"type": "",
    			"name": "switch",
    			"title": "开关选择器",
    			"placeholder": "",
    			"maxLength": 0,
    			"required": false,
    			"ruleType": "notcheck",
    			"checkRule": "",
    			"ruleMessage": "不需要",
    			"checked": "checked"
    		},
    		{
    			"sort": 10,
    			"label": "slider",
    			"type": "",
    			"name": "slider",
    			"title": "滑动选择器",
    			"placeholder": "",
    			"maxLength": 0,
    			"required": false,
    			"ruleType": "notcheck",
    			"checkRule": "",
    			"ruleMessage": "不需要",
    			"option": {
    				"min": 5,
    				"max": 100,
    				"step": 5,
    				"value": 50
    			}
    		},
    		{
    			"sort": 11,
    			"label": "textarea",
    			"type": "",
    			"name": "sqsy",
    			"title": "申请事由",
    			"placeholder": "请填写申请事由",
    			"maxLength": 2000,
    			"required": false,
    			"ruleType": "notcheck",
    			"checkRule": "",
    			"ruleMessage": "不需要"
    		}
    	]
    }

2. 循环json数据（v-for="(item, index) in portData"），根据每一项内容判断显示的组件和组件属性，为了便于扩充，建议把所有表单常用的组件都进行判断；以后无论什么组件，直接获取接口渲染；

下面实现了组件“input”、“select”（多种）、“radio”、“checkbox”、“switch”、“slider”、“textarea”；

<template>
    	<view class="form-box">
    		<form @submit="formSubmit">
    			<view v-for="(item, index) in portData" :key="item.sort">
    				
    				<view class="uni-form-item uni-column" v-if="item.label == 'input'">
    					<view class="title">{
       {item.title}}(文本框)</view>
    					<input class="uni-input" :name="item.name" :placeholder="item.placeholder" :maxlength="item.maxLength" />
    				</view>
    				
    				
    				<view class="uni-form-item uni-column" v-if="item.label == 'select' && item.mode == 'selector'">
    					<view class="title">{
       {item.title}}(普通选择器)</view>
    					<picker @change="bindPickerChange" :mode="item.mode" :value="item.index" :range="item.option" :name="item.name"
    					 :data-index="index">
    						<view class="uni-input">{
       {item.option[item.index]}}</view>
    					</picker>
    				</view>
    				
    				
    				<view class="uni-form-item uni-column" v-if="item.label == 'select' && item.mode == 'multiSelector'">
    					<view class="title">{
       {item.title}}</view>
    					<picker :mode="item.mode" @columnchange="bindMultiPickerColumnChange" :value="item.multiIndex" :range="item.option"
    					 :name="item.name" :data-index="index">
    						<view class="uni-input">{
       {item.option[0][item.multiIndex[0]]}}，{
       {item.option[1][item.multiIndex[1]]}}，{
       {item.option[2][item.multiIndex[2]]}}</view>
    					</picker>
    				</view>
    				
    				
    				<view class="uni-form-item uni-column" v-if="item.label == 'select' && item.mode == 'multiSelector'">
    					<view class="title" @click="togglePicker">{
       {country}}, {
       {province}}, {
       {city}}</view>
    					<picker-view class="picker-view" v-if="visible" :indicator-style="indicatorStyle" :value="item.multiIndex" :name="item.name" :data-index="index" @change="bindChange">
    						<picker-view-column>
    							<view class="item" v-for="(item,index) in item.option[0]" :key="index">{
       {item}}</view>
    						</picker-view-column>
    						<picker-view-column>
    							<view class="item" v-for="(item,index) in item.option[1]" :key="index">{
       {item}}</view>
    						</picker-view-column>
    						<picker-view-column>
    							<view class="item" v-for="(item,index) in item.option[2]" :key="index">{
       {item}}</view>
    						</picker-view-column>
    					</picker-view>
    				</view>	
    				
    				
    				<view class="uni-form-item uni-column" v-if="item.label == 'select' && item.mode == 'date'">
    					<view class="title">{
       {item.title}}</view>
    					<picker :mode="item.mode" :value="date" :start="startDate" :end="endDate" @change="bindDateChange" :name="item.name">
    						<view class="uni-input">{
       {date}}</view>
    					</picker>
    				</view>
    				
    				<view class="uni-form-item uni-column" v-if="item.label == 'radio'">
    					<view class="title">{
       {item.title}}</view>
    					<radio-group :name="item.name">
    						<label v-for="(radioData, index) in item.option" :key="index">
    							
    							<radio color="#007aff" :value="radioData.value" /><text>{
       {radioData.text}}</text>
    						</label>
    					</radio-group>
    				</view>
    				
    				<view class="uni-form-item uni-column" v-if="item.label == 'checkbox'">
    					<view class="title">{
       {item.title}}</view>
    					<checkbox-group :name="item.name">
    						<label v-for="(checkboxData, index) in item.option" :key="index">
    							
    							<checkbox color="#007aff" :value="checkboxData.value" /><text>{
       {checkboxData.text}}</text>
    						</label>
    					</checkbox-group>
    				</view>
    				
    				<view class="uni-form-item uni-column" v-if="item.label == 'switch'">
    					<view class="title">{
       {item.title}}</view>
    					
    					<switch color="#007aff" name="switch" :checked="item.checked" />
    				</view>
    				
    				<view class="uni-form-item uni-column" v-if="item.label == 'slider'">
    					<view class="title">{
       {item.title}}</view>
    					
    					<slider activeColor="#007aff" :min="item.option.min" :max="item.option.max" :step="item.option.step" :value="item.option.value"
    					 :name="item.name" show-value></slider>
    				</view>
    				
    				<view class="uni-form-item uni-column" v-if="item.label == 'textarea'">
    					<view class="title">{
       {item.title}}(多文本框)</view>
    					<textarea :placeholder="item.placeholder" auto-height />
    					</view>
    			</view>
    			<view class="uni-btn-v">
    				<button form-type="submit" type="primary">保存</button>
    			</view>
    		</form>
    	</view>
    </template>
    <script>
    	// 用来计算当前日期、开始日期和结束日期
    	function getDate(type) {
    		const date = new Date();	
    		let year = date.getFullYear();
    		let month = date.getMonth() + 1;
    		let day = date.getDate();
    	
    		if (type === 'start') {
    			// 有效期开始的日期
    			year = year - 60;
    		} else if (type === 'end') {
    			// 有效期结束的日期
    			year = year + 2;
    		}
    		month = month > 9 ? month : '0' + month;;
    		day = day > 9 ? day : '0' + day;
    	
    		return `${year}-${month}-${day}`;
    	}
    	let graceChecker = require('../../../common/js/graceChecker.js');
    	export default {
    		data() {
    			return {
    				portData: null,
    				date: getDate({
    					format: true
    				}),
    				startDate: getDate('start'),
    				endDate: getDate('end'),
    				country: '中国',
    				province: '广东省',
    				city: '中山市',
    				/**
    				 * 解决动态设置indicator-style不生效的问题
    				 */
                    visible: false,
                    indicatorStyle: `height: ${Math.round(uni.getSystemInfoSync().screenWidth/(750/100))}px;`
    			}
    		},
    		onLoad() {
    			const res = require('../../../common/js/json/form.js'); // 获取表单json数据
    			this.portData = res.data;
    		},
    		methods: {
    			// 普通选择器
    			bindPickerChange: function(e) {
    				let index = e.target.dataset.index; // 获取该类型属于portData的那一个index				
    				this.portData[index].index = e.target.value; // 替换该类型的index达到选择更换
    			},
    			// 多列选择器
    			bindMultiPickerColumnChange: function(e) {
    				console.log('修改的列为：' + e.detail.column + '，值为：' + e.detail.value);
    				let index = e.target.dataset.index;
    				this.portData[index].multiIndex[e.detail.column] = e.detail.value;
    				// 强制重新渲染
    				this.$forceUpdate();
    			},
    			// 支付宝小程序切换picker-view
    			togglePicker: function(e) {
    				this.visible = !this.visible;				
    			},
    			bindChange: function(e) {
    				const val = e.detail.value;
    				let country_index = val[0]; // 获取国家的index
    				let province_index = val[1]; // 获取省份的index
    				let city_index = val[2]; // 获取城市的index
    				let index = e.target.dataset.index;
    				this.country = this.portData[index].option[0][country_index];
    				this.province = this.portData[index].option[1][province_index];
    				this.city = this.portData[index].option[2][city_index];
    			},
    			// 日期选择器
    			bindDateChange: function(e) {
    				this.date = e.detail.value
    			},
    			// 表单提交
    			formSubmit: function(e) {
    				// console.log('form发生了submit事件，携带数据为：' + JSON.stringify(e.detail.value));
    				// 定义表单规则
    				let rule = [];
    				this.portData.map((item, index) => {
    					rule.push({
    						name: item.name,
    						ruleType: item.ruleType,
    						checkRule: item.checkRule,
    						required: item.required,
    						ruleMessage: item.ruleMessage
    					})
    				});
    				// 进行表单检查
    				let formdata = e.detail.value;
    				let checkRes = graceChecker.check(formdata, rule);
    				if (checkRes) {
    				    uni.showToast({title:"验证通过!", icon:"none"});
    				} else {
    				    uni.showToast({ title: graceChecker.error, icon: "none" });
    				}
    			}
    		}
    	}
    </script>
    
    <style>
    	.form-box {
    		background-color: #f4f5f6;
    		padding: 0 30rpx;
    	}
    	.uni-form-item .title {
    		padding: 20rpx 0;
    	}
    	.uni-form-item input {
    		width: 100%;
    		background-color: #fff;
    		padding: 8rpx;
    		font-size: 24rpx;
    		box-sizing: border-box;
    	}
    	.uni-form-item textarea {
    		background-color: #fff;
    		font-size: 24rpx;
    		width: 100%;
    		padding: 8rpx 0;
    	}
    	.uni-input-placeholder {
    		font-size: 24rpx;
    	}
    	.uni-btn-v {
    		margin-top: 40rpx;
    	}
    	/* .picker-view {
    		position: absolute;
    		bottom: 0;
    		width: 100%;
    		margin-left: -30rpx;
    		background-color: #fff;
    	} */
    </style>

3. 最终效果。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2tpbmcwOTY0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2tpbmcwOTY0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20230528/dd12aeb9778243ddb0b67f8ad33ce5bc.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2tpbmcwOTY0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20230528/12e578998db04818962cb0fce1ac0c55.png
[20200408161636840.jpg]: /images/20230528/8a6b42b4284548dc94b4b67fe85b6557.png