云服务？使用阿里云线上搭建nginx负载均衡群集

约定不等于承诺〃 2023-07-24 02:22 16阅读 0赞

### 前言 ###

学习过程中天天虚拟机，今天换个新颖的，使用阿里云的云服务器ECS做做线上。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
这是我准备的环境，3台nginx服务器

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>设备</th> 
   <th>作用用途</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>nginx服务器（172.16.46.98）</td> 
   <td>做负载均衡服务器</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>nginx服务器（172.16.46.99）</td> 
   <td>web1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ngin服务器（172.16.46.100）</td> 
   <td>web2</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

##### 使用xshell登录公网ip，然后再通过ssh，连接其他两台内部主机 #####

[E:\~]$ ssh root@39.104.79.172
    
    
    Connecting to 39.104.79.172:22...
    Connection established.
    To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
    
    WARNING! The remote SSH server rejected X11 forwarding request.
    
    Welcome to Alibaba Cloud Elastic Compute Service !
    
    [root@iZhp33kjmxtw7j000sxgfoZ ~]# 
    [root@iZhp33kjmxtw7j000sxgfoZ ~]# 
    [root@iZhp33kjmxtw7j000sxgfoZ ~]# 
    [root@iZhp33kjmxtw7j000sxgfoZ ~]# hostname lb
    [root@iZhp33kjmxtw7j000sxgfoZ ~]# bash
    [root@lb ~]#

类似于跳板机，再打开2个一模一样的终端，ssh连接另两台

[root@iZhp33kjmxtw7j000sxgfoZ ~]# ssh root@172.16.46.99
    The authenticity of host '172.16.46.99 (172.16.46.99)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:iYytabIi/PCVEaOhb2iaEq14gzVHLG6egDPCIjApxVc. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:8c:a6:3f:fd:f5:00:6e:25:78:8e:86:78:6d:84:2e:f9. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '172.16.46.99' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@172.16.46.99's password: 
    
    Welcome to Alibaba Cloud Elastic Compute Service !
    
    [root@iZhp33kjmxtw7j000sxgfnZ ~]# hostname web1
    [root@iZhp33kjmxtw7j000sxgfnZ ~]# bash
    [root@web1 ~]# 
    
    web2操作一样，略

#### 安装nginx（3台云主机一样） ####

[root@lb ~]# yum -y install nginx
    [root@web1 ~]# yum -y install nginx
    [root@web2 ~]# yum -y install nginx

阿里云服务器自带阿里云的yum源

[root@lb ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
    [root@lb yum.repos.d]# ls
    CentOS-Base.repo  epel.repo
    [root@lb yum.repos.d]#

没有的话可以这样下载：

epel源（扩展包）：`wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo`

linux镜像源（组包）：`wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo`

#### （2）配置web1(web2类似，略） ####

添加一个虚拟主机，添加基本测试行。

[root@web1 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/mb.conf 
    server { 
            listen 80;
            server_name www.lzj.com;
    
            location / { 
                    root /www;
                    index index.html index.htm;
            }
    }
    [root@web1 ~]#

添加测试文件

[root@web1 ~]# mkdir /www
    [root@web1 ~]# echo '<h1>web1:172.16.46.99</h1>' > /www/index.html
    [root@web2 ~]# mkdir /www
    [root@web2 ~]# echo '<h1>web2:172.16.46.100</h1>' > /www/index.html

都准备好以后，开启服务

[root@web1 ~]# nginx -t
    nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
    [root@web1 ~]# systemctl start nginx
    [root@web1 ~]# curl 172.16.46.100
    <h1>web2:172.16.46.100</h1>

web2如下：

[root@web2 ~]# nginx -t
    nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
    [root@web2 ~]# systemctl start nginx
    [root@web2 ~]# curl 172.16.46.99
    <h1>web1:172.16.46.99</h1>

## 配置7层负载均衡nginx ##

编辑虚拟主机配置文件  
`vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/lb.conf`

upstream web_cluster { 
            server 172.16.46.99:80;
            server 172.16.46.100:80;
    }
    
    server { 
            listen 80;
            server_name www.lzj.com;
    
            location / { 
                    proxy_pass http://web_cluster;
                    include nginx_params;
            }
    }
    保存退出

编辑添加的变量文件`nginx_params`

添加：
    proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    
    proxy_connect_timeout 30;
    proxy_send_timeout 60;
    proxy_read_timeout 60;
    
    proxy_buffering on;
    proxy_buffer_size 32k;
    proxy_buffers 4 128k;
    保存退出
    
    systemctl start nginx

#### 客户端修改hosts，访问测试 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][20200408191041375.png]  
添加：`39.104.79.172 www.lzj.com`

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
多次刷新就会在web1和web2切换

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20230528/5c83cd0a888e4f07b5c5405b84929148.png
[20200408191041375.png]: /images/20230528/968a340ccbdf454f8c3e891e81abac97.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20230528/db46b04f7f0c44cb9452e2fb5ce8471b.png