报错总结

浅浅的花香味﹌ 2023-08-17 15:36 92阅读 0赞

## 1. 用户相关 ##

1. [root@yinwucheng ~]# su - mysql
    su: warning: cannot change directory to /home/mysql: No such file or directory
    This account is currently not available.
    警告：无法将目录更改为/home/mysql:没有此类文件或目录
    此账户当前不可用
    原因：因为创建的是系统用户，指定nologin无法登陆系统
    
    2.[root@yinwucheng ~]# useradd chengyinwu -u 6666 -G sa -d /tmp/name -s /sbin/nologin
    useradd: cannot set SELinux context for home directory /tmp/name
    无法为主目录/tmp/name设置selinux上下文
    解决方法：关闭selinux防火墙
    
    3.[root@yinwucheng ~]# useradd chengyinwu -u 6666 -G sa -d /tmp/name -s /sbin/nologin
    useradd: user 'chengyinwu' already exists
    用户添加：用户“chengyinwu”已存在
    
    4.[root@yinwucheng ~]# useradd yinwu -u 6666 -G sa -d /tmp/name -s /sbin/nologin
    useradd: UID 6666 is not unique
    用户添加：uid 6666不是唯一的
    原因：此uid已经存在了

## 一. 文件和目录类 ##

- File exist 文件已经存在
    - No such file or directory 没有这个文件或目录(这个东西不存在)
    - command not found 命令找不到(没有这个命令)
    - invalid option   无效的参数(不可用的参数)
    - overwrite  覆盖
    - remove regular empty file 是否删除普通文件(空的)?
    - is a directory xxx是一个目录
    - descend into directory 是否进入目录
    - Invalid level 无效的层数,层数必须大于0
    - Can't open file for writing 无法打开这个文件
    - No write since last change
    - xx  column window is too narrow  窗口只有xx列太窄了 无法完全显示
    - xxx not a directory 不是一个目录
    - 查看压缩包的时候报错
    - You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
    - permission  denied
    - Warning: Changing a readonly file
    - 'readonly' option is set (add ! to override)
    - cp: omitting directory ‘/oldboy/’
      unexpected end of file  或 Unexpected EOF in archive

## 二. 网络连接类 ##

- 远程连接错误 Connection Failed 连接失败
    - yum安装软件故障提示 Could not resolve host无法解析主机
    - yum安装软件提示:Nothing to do (没事做)
    - 没有找到叫treea的软件包
    - Name or service not known  域名无法识别(无法上网）

## 三. 修改系统基础配置类 ##

- 重启网卡报错 device not present
    - 修改主机名过程中,命令行中主机名没有变化
    - hostname命令修改主机名（临时 重启服务器之后失效）
    - 命令行中的主机名部分没有改变？

## 四. 用户相关错误 ##

- user 'oldboy' already exists
    - no such user
    - Only root can do that.
    - Only root can specify a user name.
    - Creating mailbox file: File exists
    - warning: the home directory already exists.
    - /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 105 <<<

## 五.脚本及定时任务 ##

### 一. 文件和目录类 ###

## 1. File exist 文件已经存在 ##

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir   /data   /lidao  
    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir   /data   /lidao  
    mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/data’: File exists
    mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/lidao’: File exists

> mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/lidao’: File exists  
> 无法 创建 目录 因为这个目录已经存在

## 2. No such file or directory 没有这个文件或目录(这个东西不存在) ##

> 没有这个目录:文件或路径书写错误

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir  /oldboy
    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cd oldboy
    -bash: cd: oldboy: No such file or directory

> mkdir命令本身问题:mkdir 命令默认只能创建1层目录 创建多层报错  
> \-p解决

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir  /data/oldboy/lidao/
    mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/data/oldboy/lidao/’: No such file or directory

> touch命令只能创建文件,目录不存在则会报错  
> 解决:先创建目录,再创建文件

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# ls /oldboy/
    oldboy.txt
    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# touch /oldboy/lidao/alex/oldboy.txt
    touch: cannot touch ‘/oldboy/lidao/alex/oldboy.txt’: No such file or directory

> 排错思路:  
> 1.ls命令检查对应的目录是否存在?  
> 2.目录不存在 先创建目录在创建文件/

> find命令与|xargs ll 错误  
> |xargs后面不支持别名

[root@kangxu ~]# find /oldboy  -name  "*.txt"  -type f |xargs ll
    xargs: ll: No such file or directory

## 3. command not found 命令找不到(没有这个命令) ##

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdiy
    -bash: mkdiy: command not found

> 1.书写错误  
> 2.没有安装

## 4. invalid option 无效的参数(不可用的参数) ##

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# touch -p /oldboy/oldboy.txt
    touch: invalid option -- 'p'
    Try 'touch --help' for more information.

## 5. overwrite 覆盖 ##

> cp复制如果已经存在这个文件会提示是否覆盖

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cp  /oldboy/oldboy.txt   /tmp/
    cp: overwrite ‘/tmp/oldboy.txt’?

## 6.remove regular empty file 是否删除普通文件(空的)? ##

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm   /oldboy/oldboy.txt
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/oldboy/oldboy.txt’?

## 7. is a directory xxx是一个目录 ##

> rm默认无法删除目录  
> 解决:加上-r 或-rf

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm /data/
    rm: cannot remove ‘/data/’: Is a directory

> vi命令中 使用vi编辑目录也会报错

"/oldboy"
    E502: "/oldboy" is a directory
    Press ENTER or type command to continue

## 8. descend into directory 是否进入目录 ##

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm -r /data/
    rm: descend into directory ‘/data/’? y
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy01.txt’? n
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy02.txt’? n
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy03.txt’? n
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy04.txt’? n
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy05.txt’? n
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy06.txt’? n
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy07.txt’? n
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy08.txt’? n
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy09.txt’? n
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy10.txt’? n
    rm: remove directory ‘/data/’? n

## 9. Invalid level 无效的层数,层数必须大于0 ##

> 注意参数位置

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# tree  -L -F 2 / 
    tree: Invalid level, must be greater than 0.

## 10. Can't open file for writing 无法打开这个文件 ##

> vi中 如果目录不存在就会提示

"/oldbyo/oldboy.txt"
    "/oldbyo/oldboy.txt" E212: Can't open file for writing
    Press ENTER or type command to continue

> 如果你对这个文件没有权限 也会提示

## 11.No write since last change ##

E37: No write since last change (add ! to override)
         粘包赖(你修改了内容就无法使用:q退出 需要使用:q!

## 12. xx column window is too narrow 窗口只有xx列太窄了 无法完全显示 ##

> 这是w的坑 空间太小施展不开.

[root@oldboyedu60-lnb ~]# w
    w: 39 column window is too narrow

## 13. xxx not a directory 不是一个目录 ##

> 背景:创建文件的时候多了一个空格

[root@ssdz ~]# touch /oldboy /oldboy.txt  #此处要创建/oldboy/oldboy.txt 多个个空格 创建了2个文件 /oldboy和/oldboy.txt 
    [root@ssdz ~]# ls -l /oldboy/         #系统认为oldboy是个目录 所以报错
    ls: cannot access /oldboy/: Not a directory
    [root@ssdz ~]# touch /oldboy/oldboy.txt
    touch: cannot touch ‘/oldboy/oldboy.txt’: Not a directory
    [root@ssdz ~]# ls -l /oldboy
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr  9 15:23 /oldboy

## 14.查看压缩包的时候报错 ##

> 注意是否有特殊中文符号导致的。

[root@oldboy59 tmp]# tar ztf /tmp/etc.tar.gz
    tar (child): \200\202\200\202\200\202\200\202/tmp/etc.tar.gz: Cannot open: No such file or directory
    tar (child): Error is not recoverable: exiting now
    tar: Child returned status 2
    tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now

## 15. You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root ##

> 你在这个文件/var/spool/mail/root 中有一个新邮件

## 16. permission denied ##

> 权限拒绝

## 17. W10: Warning: Changing a readonly file ##

> 使用vim的时候显示的  
> 表示：正在修改只读文件  
> 解决:
> 
> > 1.查看对文件是否有rw权限  
> > 2.如果是root用户可以修改后强制保存退出(:wq!)

## 18.no properly formatted MD5 checksum lines found ##

> 在使用md5sum -c (检查的时候）  
> md5指纹信息文件中，格式不对  
> 第1列是md5 信息 第2列文件名  
> 解决:
> 
> > 查看MD5文件内容是否正确  
> > 检查的命令是否正确 md5sum -c oldboy.md5

md5sum: /oldboy/mtime/access_2019-04-01.txt: no properly formatted MD5 checksum lines found

## 19. E45: 'readonly' option is set (add ! to override) ##

> 通过vi/vim 编辑文件保存的时候(:wq) 提示  
> 这个文件只读，:wq! 强制保存退出

## 20. cp: omitting directory ‘/oldboy/’ ##

> 忽略这个目录  
> cp默认无法复制目录

[root@oldboyedu64-lnb ~]# cp /oldboy/  /tmp/
    cp: omitting directory ‘/oldboy/’
    [root@oldboyedu64-lnb ~]# ls -l /tmp/
    total 8
    -rwx------. 1 root root 836 Jun 30 17:36 ks-script-gWLqG0
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 400 Jul  7 14:51 oldboy.txt
    drwx------. 2 root root   6 Jun 30 17:42 vmware-root_6749-3879179984
    -rw-------. 1 root root   0 Jun 30 17:27 yum.log

## 21. Unexpected EOF in archive ##

> 未知的 压缩文件结尾  
> 主要原因是tar压缩包损坏 重新下载

[root@web02 tools]# tar xf nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz 
    
    gzip: stdin: unexpected end of file
    tar: Unexpected EOF in archive
    tar: Unexpected EOF in archive
    tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now

# 二. 网络连接类 #

## 1. 远程连接错误 Connection Failed 连接失败 ##

> 使用Xshell远程连接失败提示,检查端口是否开启或正确

[c:\~]$ 
    
    Connecting to 10.0.0.200:233...
    Could not connect to '10.0.0.200' (port 233): Connection failed.
    
    Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.

> 使用telnet测试端口是否打开

[c:\~]$ telnet 10.0.0.200 233 
    
    Connecting to 10.0.0.200:233...
    Could not connect to '10.0.0.200' (port 233): Connection failed.   #233端口没有开启
    
    Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.

> 端口开启

[c:\~]$ telnet 10.0.0.200 22
    Connecting to 10.0.0.200:22...
    Connection established.            #端口开启
    To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
    SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4
    
    Protocol mismatch.
    
    Connection closed by foreign host.
    
    Disconnected from remote host(10.0.0.200:22) at 12:22:54.
    
    Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
    [c:\~]$

## 2. yum安装软件故障提示 Could not resolve host无法解析主机 ##

> Could not resolve host无法解析主机  
> 主要是系统能否上网和DNS问题.

http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7.6.1810/updates/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#6 - 
    "Could not resolve host: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn; Unknown error"
    Trying other mirror.

## 3.yum安装软件提示:Nothing to do (没事做) ##

> 有两种情况:  
> 情况1:软件已经安装并且最新如下:

Package tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
    tree软件包已经安装并且是最新版本
    Package 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
    Package 1:bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
    Nothing to do

> 情况2:软件名字写错或没有配置yum源导致找不到这个软件包

[root@oldboyedu60-lnb ~]# yum install treea -y
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
     * base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
     * extras: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn
     * updates: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn
    base                                                                                              | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
    extras                                                                                            | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
    updates                                                                                           | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
    No package treea available. 
    #没有找到叫treea的软件包
    Error: Nothing to do

> 情况3:你需要安装软件包而不是软件包里面的命令  
> 通过yum provides 查看命令属于哪个软件包

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# yum install -y locate 
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    Determining fastest mirrors
     * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
     * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
     * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
    base                                                                                              | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
    extras                                                                                            | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
    updates                                                                                           | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
    (1/2): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                 | 187 kB  00:00:02     
    (2/2): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                | 3.4 MB  00:00:04     
    No package locate available.
    Error: Nothing to do
    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# yum provides locate 
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
     * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
     * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
     * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
    base/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                        | 7.1 MB  00:00:03     
    extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                      | 236 kB  00:00:00     
    updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                     | 2.7 MB  00:00:01     
    mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64 : An utility for finding files by name
    Repo        : base
    Matched from:
    Filename    : /usr/bin/locate\
    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# yum install -y mlocate 
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
     * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
     * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
     * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
    Resolving Dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package mlocate.x86_64 0:0.26-8.el7 will be installed
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    
    Dependencies Resolved
    
    =========================================================================================================================
     Package                     Arch                       Version                           Repository                Size
    =========================================================================================================================
    Installing:
     mlocate                     x86_64                     0.26-8.el7                        base                     113 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    =========================================================================================================================
    Install  1 Package
    
    Total download size: 113 k
    Installed size: 379 k
    Downloading packages:
    mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                     | 113 kB  00:00:02     
    Running transaction check
    Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded
    Running transaction
      Installing : mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64                                                                             1/1 
      Verifying  : mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64                                                                             1/1 
    
    Installed:
      mlocate.x86_64 0:0.26-8.el7                                                                                            
    
    Complete!
    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rpm -qa mlocate 
    mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64

## 4. Name or service not known 域名无法识别(无法上网） ##

> 原因1：DNS配置错误  
> 原因2：[Linux无法上网原因 https://www.jianshu.com/p/0bc0b596c1a0][Linux_ https_www.jianshu.com_p_0bc0b596c1a0]

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# ping baidu.com 
    ping: baidu.com: Name or service not known
                     域名无法识别（无法将域名---->ip地址)

# 三. 修改系统基础配置类 #

## 1. 重启网卡报错 device not present ##

[root@oldboyusd ~]# systemctl restart network 
    Job for network.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
     See "systemctl status network.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

> 查看详细错误原因  
> ·journalctl -xe·

Apr 01 15:31:05 oldboyusd.1 network[7816]: Bringing up interface etho:  
    ERROR     : [/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth] Device  does not seem to be present, delaying initialization.

Apr 01 15:31:05 oldboyusd.1 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth[8019]: 
    Device  does not seem to be present, delaying initializatio

## 2. 修改主机名过程中,命令行中主机名没有变化 ##

### 1\# hostname命令修改主机名（临时 重启服务器之后失效） ###

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostname
    oldboyedu59
    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostname oldboyedu59-lnb

### 2\# 修改文件内容（写合同 永久 重启服务器之后生效） ###

vim /etc/hostname 
     oldboyedu59-lnb

### 3\# 检查 ###

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostname
    oldboyedu59-lnb
    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cat /etc/hostname 
    oldboyedu59-lnb

### 命令行中的主机名部分没有改变？ ###

> 解决：重新登录下即可（断开连接，重新连接）

[root@oldboyedu59-lnb ~]#

## 3. unexpected EOF while looking for matching \`"' ##

> 引号不成对

tail -2  /etc/profile 
    alias net="cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
    export PS1="[\[\e[34;1m\]\u@\[\e[0m\]\[\e[32;1m\]\H\[\e[0m\] \[\e[31;1m\]\w\[\e[0m\]]\\$ "
    
    [root@ssdz ~]# source /etc/profile
    -bash: /etc/profile: line 78: unexpected EOF while looking for matching `"'
    -bash: /etc/profile: line 79: syntax error: unexpected end of file

> \-bash: /etc/profile: line 78: unexpected EOF while looking for matching \`"'  
> /etc/profile 第78行 出乎意料的结尾 正在找 '"' 这个双引号的另一半

# 四. 用户类错误 #

## 1. user 'oldboy' already exists ##

> 用户已经存在

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# useradd oldboy 
    useradd: user 'oldboy' already exists

## 2. no such user ##

> 没有这个用户

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# id lidao 
    id: lidao: no such user

## 3.Only root can do that. ##

> 只有root用户可以使用 非交互式设置密码方式

[oldboy@oldboyedu59 ~]$ echo 123456|passwd --stdin oldboy
    Only root can do that.

## 4.Only root can specify a user name. ##

> 只有root用户 运行passwd的时候 后面能加上用户名  
> 普通用户默认只能运行passwd 不能加用户名 修改自己的密码

[oldboy@oldboyedu59 ~]$ passwd oldboy 
    passwd: Only root can specify a user name.

## 5. Creating mailbox file: File exists 和warning: the home directory already exists. ##

> 添加用户的时候提示:
> 
> > Creating mailbox file: File exists 正在创建这个用户的邮箱:邮箱已经存在  
> > warning: the home directory already exists. 这个用户的家目录已经存在

> 删除用户的时候，默认不删除家目录和邮箱.  
> 再次添加就会提示家目录存在和邮箱存在

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# id stu01 
    uid=1005(stu01) gid=1006(stu01) groups=1006(stu01)
    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# userdel stu01
    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# useradd stu01 
    useradd: warning: the home directory already exists.
    Not copying any file from skel directory into it.
    Creating mailbox file: File exists

## 6.user nginx is currently used by process 7540 ##

> 用户正在使用中 被pid是7540的进程使用中

[root@web01 /usr/share/nginx/html/blog]#  usermod -u 2222   nginx 
    usermod: user nginx is currently used by process 7540

# 五.脚本及定时任务 #

## 1. no crontab for root ##

> root用户没有定时任务

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# crontab -l
    no crontab for root

root用户没有定时任务

## 2.no crontab for root - using an empty one ##

> root用户没有定时任务，给root创建了1个新的  
> 这里实际上给root创建了定时任务文件 /var/spool/cron/root 空文件

## 3.crontab: installing new crontab ##

> 更新定时任务规则

## 4. bad xxx, errors in crontab file,can't install ##

> 错误的\{分|时|日|月|周\},定时任务文件中有错误，无法更新定时任务

> 分时日月周格式错误01

#mei liangfenzhong xianshi xitong shijian zhuijiadao /tmp/oldboy.txt
    * /1 * * * date  >>/tmp/oldboy.txt
    
    "/tmp/crontab.5UZIdI" 3L, 115C written
    crontab: installing new crontab
    "/tmp/crontab.5UZIdI":3: bad hour   3是第3行的意思,错误的小时 小时位置书写错误 
    errors in crontab file, can't install.
    Do you want to retry the same edit?

> 分时日月周格式错误02  
> 时间范围书写错误 21-00错误 改为 21-23,00 即可因为定时任务的小时为00-23

crontab -e 
    #show time by liyy  at 20190101
    #*/2 * * * * date >>/tmp/time.log
    
    #
    00  21-00 * * * date >>/tmp/time.log
    00  21-00 * * * date >>/tmp/time.log
    #00  21-23,00 * * * date >>/tmp/time.log
    
    #backup /etc/ to /tmp by liyy  at 20190101
    #00 00 * * *  sh  /server/scripts/bak-etc.sh
                                                                                                                      
    "/tmp/crontab.SpZAZH" 9L, 238C written
    crontab: installing new crontab
    "/tmp/crontab.SpZAZH":5: bad hour
    errors in crontab file, can't install.
    Do you want to retry the same edit?

## 5. You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root ##

> 你有1个新邮件 在/var/spool/mail/root

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/yinwu/p/11417749.html

[Linux_ https_www.jianshu.com_p_0bc0b596c1a0]: https://www.jianshu.com/p/0bc0b596c1a0