SHA256WithRSA

妖狐艹你老母 2023-08-17 16:16 88阅读 0赞

在[上文][Link 1]中了解到SHA和RSA，工作中恰好用到扩展应用：SHA256WithRSA，本文总结下学习过程，备忘の  
再提供另外一种方法，实现Java版pem密钥和.Net版xml密钥相互转换的方法

## 密钥转换 ##

准备：引入BouncyCastle.Crypto.dll

*  RSA密钥：Pem --> XML

public static string RSAKeyPemToXml(string pemKey, bool isPrivateKey)
    {
        string rsaKey = string.Empty;
        object pemObject = null;
        RSAParameters rsaPara = new RSAParameters();
        using (var sReader = new StringReader(pemKey)) {
            var pemReader = new Org.BouncyCastle.OpenSsl.PemReader(sReader);
            pemObject = pemReader.ReadObject();//(AsymmetricCipherKeyPair)
        }
                
        if (isPrivateKey)//RSA私钥
        {
            RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters key = (RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters)((AsymmetricCipherKeyPair)pemObject).Private;
            rsaPara = new RSAParameters {
                Modulus = key.Modulus.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                Exponent = key.PublicExponent.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                D = key.Exponent.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                P = key.P.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                Q = key.Q.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                DP = key.DP.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                DQ = key.DQ.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                InverseQ = key.QInv.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),  };
        }
        else//RSA公钥
        {
            RsaKeyParameters key = (RsaKeyParameters)pemObject;
            rsaPara = new RSAParameters {
                Modulus = key.Modulus.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                Exponent = key.Exponent.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),  };
        }
    
        RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
        rsa.ImportParameters(rsaPara);
        using (StringWriter sw = new StringWriter()) {
            sw.Write(rsa.ToXmlString(isPrivateKey ? true : false));
            rsaKey = sw.ToString();
        }
        return rsaKey;
    }

*  RSA密钥：XML --> Pem

public static string RSAKeyXmlToPem(string RSAKeyXml, bool isPrivateKey, bool replacefix)
    {
        string pemKey = string.Empty;
        var rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
        rsa.FromXmlString(RSAKeyXml);
    
        RSAParameters rsaPara = new RSAParameters();
        RsaKeyParameters key = null;
        //RSA私钥
        if (isPrivateKey)  {
            rsaPara = rsa.ExportParameters(true);
            key = new RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters(
                new BigInteger(1, rsaPara.Modulus), new BigInteger(1, rsaPara.Exponent), new BigInteger(1, rsaPara.D),
                new BigInteger(1, rsaPara.P), new BigInteger(1, rsaPara.Q), new BigInteger(1, rsaPara.DP), new BigInteger(1, rsaPara.DQ),
                new BigInteger(1, rsaPara.InverseQ));
        }
        //RSA公钥
        else  {
            rsaPara = rsa.ExportParameters(false);
            key = new RsaKeyParameters(false,
                new BigInteger(1, rsaPara.Modulus),  new BigInteger(1, rsaPara.Exponent));
        }
    
        using (TextWriter sw = new StringWriter()) {
            var pemWriter = new Org.BouncyCastle.OpenSsl.PemWriter(sw);
            pemWriter.WriteObject(key);
            pemWriter.Writer.Flush();
            pemKey = sw.ToString();
        }
    
        if (replacefix)  {
            //去掉证书的头部和尾部
            pemKey = isPrivateKey ? pemKey.Replace("-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----", "").Replace("-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----", "") :
                pemKey.Replace("-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----", "").Replace("-----END PUBLIC KEY-----", "");
            return pemKey.Replace("\n", "").Replace("\r", "");
        }
        else { return pemKey; }
    }

注意，调用RSAKeyPemToXml()方法时，pemKey必须格式正确（带前后缀且换行），否则调用报错。

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
    ...
    -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

此外，调用RSAKeyXmlToPem()方法做私钥转换时，结果与原Pem密钥不一致，慎用。

## pfx证书 ##

*  PFX证书：由Public Key Cryptography Standards \#12，PKCS\#12标准定义，包含公钥和私钥的二进制格式的证书形式，以pfx作为证书文件后缀名
 *  CER证书：证书中没有私钥，DER编码二进制格式的证书文件/BASE64编码格式的证书文件，以cer作为证书文件后缀名

综上所述：pfx证书文件中比cer文件中多了私钥。  
通过pfx证书实现数据签名和验签

public static string Sign(string dataForSign, string priKeyFile, string keyPwd)
    {
        var rsa = GetPrivateKey(priKeyFile, keyPwd);
    
        // Create a new RSACryptoServiceProvider
        var rsaClear = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
        // Export RSA parameters from 'rsa' and import them into 'rsaClear'
        var paras = rsa.ExportParameters(true);
        rsaClear.ImportParameters(paras);
    
        using (var sha256 = new SHA256CryptoServiceProvider()) {
            var signData = rsaClear.SignData(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(dataForSign), sha256);
            return BytesToHex(signData);
        }
    }
    public bool VerifySign(string dataForSign, string signedData, string pubKeyFile)
    {
        var rsa = GetPublicKey(pubKeyFile);
        using (var sha256 = new SHA256CryptoServiceProvider()) {
            return rsa.VerifyData(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(dataForSign), sha256, HexToBytes(signedData));
        }   
    }

其中，从.pfx证书中提取公钥和私钥的方法

private static RSACryptoServiceProvider GetPrivateKey(string priKeyFile, string keyPwd) {
        var pc = new X509Certificate2(priKeyFile, keyPwd,
            X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable | X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet);          
        return (RSACryptoServiceProvider)pc.PrivateKey; //return cert.PrivateKey.ToXmlString(true);
    }
    
    private static RSACryptoServiceProvider GetPublicKey(string pubKeyFile) {
        var pc = new X509Certificate2(pubKeyFile);
        return (RSACryptoServiceProvider)pc.PublicKey.Key; //return cert.PublicKey.Key.ToXmlString(false);
    }

具体参见：[.NET版SHA256WithRSA签名验签][.NET_SHA256WithRSA]，java版本参见：[java版SHA256withRSA][java_SHA256withRSA]  
关于如何生成数字证书，仅供参考：[方法1][1]，[方法2][2]  
该文[C\#创建数字证书并导出为pfx，并使用pfx进行非对称加解密][C_pfx_pfx]有时间可以研究下。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/wjcx-sqh/p/11580450.html

[Link 1]: https://www.cnblogs.com/wjcx-sqh/p/8341749.html
[.NET_SHA256WithRSA]: https://www.cnblogs.com/frankyou/p/8405012.html
[java_SHA256withRSA]: https://blog.csdn.net/catoop/article/details/96450772
[1]: https://blog.csdn.net/anlun/article/details/42003849
[2]: https://blog.csdn.net/lwwl12/article/details/80799604
[C_pfx_pfx]: https://www.cnblogs.com/luminji/archive/2010/10/28/1863179.html