IDL常用命令总结

你的名字 2023-09-24 13:49 23阅读 0赞

### 1.数组的创建 ###

创建索引数组:findgen(num),dindgen(num)  
创建一个特定纬度的数组并赋值：replicate(2.0,4,2),创建4列2行值为2.0的数组

### 2.数组的运算 ###

标量乘；  
\#数组乘,将一个数组的列乘以另一个数组的行，和数学运算列行乘法不同  
如：a=dindgen(3,2) , b=dindgen(2,3) , c=a\#b=(3,3)  
\#\#矩阵乘  
d=a\#\#b=(2,2)  
LMN=\[\[0.85,-0.50,-0.16\],\[0.50,0.87,-0.08\],\[0.17,-0.01, 0.98\]\]  
C1=\[7.53,-8.06, -2.31\]  
print,LMN\#\#C1

### 3.语句 ###

if 条件 then 语句  
if 条件 then begin  
语句  
endif  
if 条件 then  
语句  
endif else  
语句  
endelse  
case 表达式 of  
情况1：语句  
情况2：语句  
情况3：begin  
语句  
end  
else: 语句  
endcase  
while 语句 do begin  
语句  
endwhile  
goto,标号  
label : 标号

### 4.画图系列 ###

(1)日期格式输出标准：“%H:%I:%S%3” 21:36:58.125  
(2)把Window作为输出,第一个plot中不要加/noerase，否则会全黑.  
(3)特殊符号：在IDL-help里面搜索vecor fonts,点击special characters  
;垂直号:!9x!3 ;平行号:!9\#!3 ;•：!9.!3 ; ×:!9X!3  
B的旋度:!9GX!3B μ：！7l!3  
(4)画Y=3的一条横线;oplot,TT0,replicate(3,n\_elements(TT0),1),thick=2,color=47,linestyle=2  
(5)如果想让y轴的刻度不显示，用ytickformat=’(a1)’  
(6)把图上的点用symbol显示出来  
sym\_color=‘blue’,sym\_size=4,symbol=’+’,sym\_thick=8  
(7)scatterplot(x,y,sym\_thick=5)  
(8)pplot = PLOT(\[tt1\[i\],tt1\[i+1\]\], \[lln1\[i\],lln1\[i+1\]\], RGB\_TABLE=39,VERT\_COLORS=bytscl(alog10(data\[i\]),min=mmin,max=mmax,top=254),/OVERPLOT,THICK=5)  
(9)t2=text(xpos,ypos,str,/norm,FONT\_SIZE=15,color=‘black’)

### 5.建立画图模版 ###

WINDOW, 0, XSIZE=950, YSIZE=650, Xpos = 700, Ypos =0  
DEVICE,DECOMPOSED=0  
!P.MULTI = \[0,1,600\]  
loadct,39  
Panels=5  
Posi = dblarr(4,Panels)  
dy=0.85/Panels  
for i=1, Panels do begin  
Posi\[\#,i-1\]= \[0.2, 0.95-dyi , 0.85, 0.95-dy(i-1.)\]  
endfor  
tidex=\[’(a)’,’(b)’,’（c）’,’(d)’,’(e)’,’(f)’,’(g)’,’(h)’,’(i)’,’(j)’,’(k)’,’(l)’,’(m)’,’(n)’,’(o)’,’§’\]

panel=0  
plot,x,y,xrange=\[0,2\],yrange=\[0,2\], xtitle=’ ‘, ytitle=’ ', xstyle=1, ystyle=1, background=255, color=0,position=\[0.1,0.1,0.9,0.9\], /normal, /nodata, thick=2, xthick=2, ythick=2, charthick=2, charsize=2  
xyouts, 0.08, posi\[1,Panel\]+(posi\[3,Panel\]-posi\[1,Panel\])3.6/4,tidex\[panel\], color = 0, /normal,charsize=2.0ratio, charthick=1.5\*ratio

pson,filename=‘pfigure2.ps’,PAPER=‘A4’,margin=1.0,aspect=0.8,landscape=0  
panel=0  
plot,x,y,xrange=\[0,2\],yrange=\[0,2\], xtitle=’ ‘, ytitle=’ ‘, xstyle=1, ystyle=1, background=255, color=0,position=\[0.1,0.1,0.9,0.9\], /normal, /nodata, thick=2, xthick=2, ythick=2, charthick=2, charsize=2  
xyouts, 0.08, posi\[1,Panel\]+(posi\[3,Panel\]-posi\[1,Panel\]) 3.6/4,tidex\[panel\], color = 0, /normal,charsize=2.0ratio, charthick=1.5ratio  
psoff  
\#\#plot(XX,YY)\#\#  
aa=plot(TT0,Rc0,color=\[0,0,0\],thick=3,xthick=3,ythick=3,ytitle=‘Rc’,xtitle=‘Time’,ylog=1,dimension=\[1000,800\])  
plot(TT0,rou0,color=\[255,0,0\],thick=3,overplot=1)  
plot(TT0,kapa0,color=\[0,0,255\],thick=3,overplot=1)  
aa.Save,‘C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\AAA.png’  
makepng,‘C:\\Users\\zhu\\Desktop\*’

### 6.图上点击画线 ###

wset,1  
wshow,1  
color = 255  
for n = 0, 1, 1 do begin  
cursor,px,py,/up,/norm ;get the new position  
hx = px  
hy = py  
print, n, px, py  
if hx ge 0.1 and hx le 0.90 then begin  
plots,\[hx,hx\],\[0.1,0.9\], color=color,/norm,/thick,lines=0  
plots,\[0.1,0.9\],\[hy,hy\], color=color,/norm,/thick,lines=0  
；所画的线的时间点的计算  
time = btime+(etime -btime)\*(px-0.1)/0.75  
caldat,time, MM, DD, YYYY, HH, MI, SS  
StrTime = string(YYYY, format= ‘(I4.4)’)+string(MM, format= ‘(I2.2)’) +string(DD, format= ‘(I2.2)’) +’.’+string(HH, format= ‘(I2.2)’) +string(MI, format= ‘(I2.2)’) +string(SS, format= ‘(I2.2)’)  
print,strtime  
endif  
endfor  
不同的线型：  
dashed line表示短划线，如\_ \_ \_ \_  
dotted line表示点虚线，如…

### 7.画箭头 ###

arrow, 32.5,32.5, 32.5+(Byimf/2.0), 32.5+(Bzimf/2.0), thick=3, hsize=-0.5, /data

### 8.保存数据 ###

file\_name = ‘C:\\Users\\zhu\\Desktop\*\*.txt’  
OPENU, outunit, file\_name, /APPEND, /GET\_LUN  
printf, outunit, record0,record1,E1,format = ‘(01(a2," "),01(d15.6, " "),01(d8.2, " "))’  
FREE\_LUN, outunit

save, tt,rr, vv,bb, filename=‘H:\\zhu’+strcompress(string(kk), /REMOVE\_ALL)+’.sav’  
restore ,‘H:\\zhu’+strcompress(string(kk), /REMOVE\_ALL)+’.sav’

### 9.生成模版 ###

filename = ‘C:\\Users\\zhu\\Desktop\*.txt’  
Template = ASCII\_TEMPLATE(Filename)  
save, Template, filename=‘C:\\Users\\zhu\\Desktop\*.sav’  
restore, ‘C:\\Users\\zhu\\Desktop\*.sav’  
Result = READ\_ASCII(filename, TEMPLATE=Template)  
data1 =Result.(0)

### 10.数据保存和调用.sav格式 ###

save, data, filename=‘D:\\work\\var.sav’  
restore,‘D:\\work\\var.sav’

### 11.释放IDL内存 ###

CDF\_CLOSE, Id  
delvar, Q  
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog\_a10150440102wsct.html

### 12.文件重命名 ###

file\_move,‘D:\\alldata\\poo.txt’,‘D:\\alldata\\poo1.txt’

### 13.逐行阅读某数据不规则的txt ###

file = DIALOG\_PICKFILE(FILTER=’\*.txt’)  
OPENR, lun, file, /GET\_LUN  
; Read one line at a time, saving the result into array  
array = ‘’  
line = ‘’  
WHILE NOT EOF(lun) DO BEGIN & $  
READF, lun, line & $  
array = \[array, line\] & $  
ENDWHILE  
; Close the file and free the file unit  
FREE\_LUN, lun

### 14.数据处理技巧 ###

寻找数据中非有限值(nan,infinite)  
A=\[1,3,9,!values.f\_nan,50,!values.f\_nan,81\]  
A\[where(~finite(A))\]=-9999  
print,A

result=where(A eq -1.0e31)  
if result ne -1 then A\[result\]=!values.f\_nan

求一个数列中的众数  
a = \[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,2,3,2\]  
his = histogram(a)  
idx = where(his eq max(his))  
print,a\[idx\[0\]\]

求一个矩阵的特征值和特征向量  
A = \[\[ 5.0, 4.0, 0.0, -3.0\], \[ 4.0, 5.0, 0.0, -3.0\], \[ 0.0, 0.0, 5.0, -3.0\],\[-3.0, -3.0, -3.0, 5.0\]\]  
eigenvalues = EIGENQL(A, EIGENVECTORS = evecs)  
Print, eigenvalues, evecs

cov = IMSL\_COVARIANCES(B)  
values = IMSL\_PRINC\_COMP(cov,EIGENVECTORS= ev)  
normal=ev\[\*,2\]  
print,normal  
print,‘vec values:’,values

矩阵的求逆  
matric\_power(array,-1)  
比上面这个更具有普适性的事奇异值分解  
SVDC,A,W,U,V  
WP1\[i,i\]=1/W\[i\]  
WP2\[i,i\]=W\[i\]  
A=U\#\#WP2\#\#transpose(V)  
AX=B →X=V\#\#WP1\#\#transpose(U)\#\#B

把数据变为字符串并去掉空格  
B=strcompress(string(A),/remove\_all)

提取字符串中的数组  
str = ‘1.0 2.0 4.0’  
out = float(STRSPLIT(str, /EXTRACT))  
print,out\[0\]  
print,out\[1\]  
print,out\[2\]

IDL中产生随机数主要有RANDOMU和RANDOMN两个函数，分别生成均匀分布和正态分布的随机数,比如生成\[15,25\]范围内的随机数40个,并取整  
print,15+fix(10\*randomu(seed,40))

生成差值为5，1开头，6个元素的等差数列  
print, indgen(6)\*5+1  
生成比值为3，2开头的等比数列  
print, 3^indgen(6)\*2

### 15.编译生成exe ###

(1)多个pro文件时，使用构建工程（项目）  
项目名称、主过程pro名称、构建sav文件名要保持一致。  
在工程上右键选择"构建项目"或"构建工程"即可生成sav文件。  
控制台显示构建成功提示：  
SAV文件 At: D:\\IDLViewer\\IDLViewer\_UseEnvi\\idlviewer\_useenvi.sav  
(2)发布exe文件  
控制台输入如下命令发布exe文件。  
make\_rt, ‘IDLViewer\_UseEnvi’, ‘D:\\temp’, savefile=‘D:\\IDLViewer\\IDLViewer\_UseEnvi\\idlviewer\_useenvi.sav’, /overwrite, /vm  
注：上面代码为一条命令，不需要回车。  
(3)修改ini文件  
用记事本打开ini配置文件，show=True改成show=False可以取消虚拟机提示窗口

### 16.64位主程序中调用32位进程 ###

new=idl\_idlbridge(ops=32)  
new->execute,‘read\_inputfile\_to\_lkmiu,para=para,sixd0=sixd0,pan=pan,outhigh=outhigh,eneypas=eneypas’  
para=new->getvar(‘para’)  
sixd0=new->getvar(‘sixd0’)  
pan=new->getvar(‘pan’)  
outhigh=new->getvar(‘outhigh’)  
eneypas=new->getvar(‘eneypas’)

### 17.程序中自动解压缩文件语句 ###

spawn, ‘7z e D:\\IDLprogram\\model\_engine\\ele.rar -oD:\\IDLprogram\\model\_engine\\ rbspa\_mageis\_UKLdatabase\_2014\_1.sav -r -y’