Linux安装MySQL【Ubuntu20.04】

缺乏、安全感 2023-09-25 13:44 62阅读 0赞

操作系统：Ubuntu20.04

使用工具：xshell7、xftp7

MySQL版本：5.7

## 一、删除Linux系统下自带的mariadb （因为centos自带一个老版Mariadb 与MySQL冲突） ##

*  如果没有找到Mariadb直接跳过

#查找Mariadb
    rpm -qa | grep mariadb

![format_png][]

自带的mariadb

*  删除Mariadb

yum -y remove mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64

*  最后可以在检查一遍是否删除

## 二、下载MySQL ##

*  官网下载：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
    
    下载方式1（用xftp）：官网下载到本地用xftp上传到服务器
    
    下载方式2（用wget）: 右键Download复制链接地址

#如果没有wget命需安装
    sudo yum -y install wget
    
    #mysql在线下载，后面地址为右键复制的链接
    wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

*  百度网盘链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1qjBKWJAZZOW1WbSxjS3GXA?pwd=cfp5
    
    提取码：cfp5

![format_png 1][]

## 三、安装MySQL ##

*  创建mysql目录并解压到指定文件夹

#解压文件
    tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
    
    #移动文件夹并重命名
     mv mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

*  创建mysql用户组和用户并修改权限

groupadd mysql
    useradd -r -g mysql mysql

*  创建数据目录并赋予权限

mkdir -p  /data/mysql               #创建目录
    chown mysql:mysql -R /data/mysql  		  #赋予权限

*  配置my.cnf

vim /etc/my.cnf

*  添加以下内容

[mysqld]
    bind-address=0.0.0.0
    port=3306
    user=mysql
    basedir=/usr/local/mysql
    datadir=/data/mysql
    socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
    log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.err
    pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
    #character config
    character_set_server=utf8mb4
    symbolic-links=0
    explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

*  初始化数据库并查看密码

#进入mysql的bin目录
    cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
    
    #初始化
    ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql --initialize
    
    #查看密码
    cat /data/mysql/mysql.err

![format_png 2][]

## 四、启动MySQL并更改密码 ##

#先将mysql.server放置到/etc/init.d/mysql中
    cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

**没启动MySQL时：**

service mysql status

root@iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z:~# service mysql status
    ● mysql.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
         Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/mysql; generated)
         Active: inactive (dead)
           Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
    
    Dec 02 15:57:00 iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z systemd[1]: Stopped LSB: start and stop MySQL.
    Dec 02 15:57:53 iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...
    Dec 02 15:57:53 iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z mysql[2578]: Starting MySQL
    Dec 02 15:57:54 iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z mysql[2578]: . *
    Dec 02 15:57:54 iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.
    Dec 02 16:01:01 iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z systemd[1]: Stopping LSB: start and stop MySQL...
    Dec 02 16:01:01 iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z mysql[2960]: Shutting down MySQL
    Dec 02 16:01:03 iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z mysql[2960]: .. *
    Dec 02 16:01:03 iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z systemd[1]: mysql.service: Succeeded.
    Dec 02 16:01:03 iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z systemd[1]: Stopped LSB: start and stop MySQL.
    root@iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z:~#

root@iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z:~# ps aux | grep mysql
    root        3373  0.0  0.0   9032   720 pts/1    S+   16:05   0:00 grep mysql
    root@iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z:~#

**启动MySQL：**

#启动mysql
    service mysql start

root@iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z:~# service mysql start
    root@iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z:~#

root@iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z:~# ps aux | grep mysql
    root        3407  0.0  0.0   2608  1700 ?        S    16:06   0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
    mysql       3637  0.8  8.9 1096848 181272 ?      Sl   16:06   0:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
    root        3669  0.0  0.0   9032   724 pts/1    S+   16:06   0:00 grep mysql
    root@iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z:~#

root@iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z:~# service mysql status
    ● mysql.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
         Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/mysql; generated)
         Active: active (running) since Fri 2022-12-02 16:06:20 CST; 1min 7s ago
           Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
        Process: 3382 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/mysql start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
          Tasks: 28 (limit: 2314)
         Memory: 171.3M
         CGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service
                 ├─3407 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
                 └─3637 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.err --p>
    
    Dec 02 16:06:19 iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...
    Dec 02 16:06:19 iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z mysql[3382]: Starting MySQL
    Dec 02 16:06:20 iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z mysql[3382]: . *
    Dec 02 16:06:20 iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.

启动MySQL成功【如果显示Failed to start mysql.service: Unit mysql.service not found.重启服务器】

##  ##

## 五、MySQL操作 ##

### 1、登录MySQL ###

进入Mysql安装目录

root@iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z:~# cd /usr/local/mysql
    root@iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z:/usr/local/mysql# ls
    bin  docs  include  lib  LICENSE  man  README  share  support-files
    root@iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z:/usr/local/mysql# bin/mysql -u root -p
    Enter password:

如果不希望每次都到bin目录下使用mysql命令则执行以下命令

ln -s  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql    /usr/bin

在任意目录下都可以通过 mysql -u root -p 来登陆mysql

wyr@iZm5e9phbzdxx0lysrv9t2Z:~$ mysql -u root -p
    Enter password:

![88080af3da534777b11c99cbbc0828aa.png][]

### 2、更改密码（依次执行） ###

登陆后如果不修改密码就开始操作MySQL，会出现如下提示：

mysql> show databases;
    ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
    mysql>

更改密码：

SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');
    ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
    FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

### 3、让navicat能连接MySQL ###

use mysql                                  #访问mysql库
    update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';      	#使root能再任何host访问
    FLUSH PRIVILEGES;                             #刷新

*  放行3306端口让外部连接

#3306 代表端口号
    firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
    
    #刷新生效
    firewall-cmd --reload

![format_png 3][]

*  最后使用navicat连接

![format_png 4][]

## **六、MySQL一些命令** ##

#查看MySQL状态
    service mysql status
    
    #启动MySQL
    #service mysql start
    
    #重启MySQL
    service mysql reload

[Linux安装MySQL - 哔哩哔哩][Linux_MySQL -]

[format_png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/96fef6be0a878d437f8afe35a93d05ba.webp?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[format_png 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/dc2df797b993a0f231bf5f23182ac238.webp?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[format_png 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/7ce6f744df274040f46919adcd871d04.webp?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[88080af3da534777b11c99cbbc0828aa.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/88080af3da534777b11c99cbbc0828aa.png
[format_png 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/8a4771760c1dc42ce052b4395eb1b000.webp?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[format_png 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/2c55395bad3596a59b3dc193da4a5933.webp?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[Linux_MySQL -]: https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv18852100/