【SpringCloud AlibabaSentinel实现熔断与限流】

待我称王封你为后i 2023-09-25 19:16 48阅读 0赞

本笔记内容为[尚硅谷SpringCloud][SpringCloud] AlibabaSentinel部分

**目录**

一、Sentinel

1、官网

2、Sentinel是什么

3、下载

4、特性

5、使用

二、安装Sentinel控制台

1、sentinel组件由2部分构成

2、安装步骤

1.下载

2.运行命令

3.访问sentinel管理界面

三、初始化演示工程

四、流控规则

1、基本介绍

解释说明

2、流控模式

1.直接(默认)

2.关联

3.链路

3、流控效果

1.直接->快速失败(默认的流控处理)

2.预热

3.排队等待

五、降级规则

1、基本介绍

2、降级策略实战

1.RT

2.异常比例

3.异常数

六、热点key限流

1、基本介绍

2、测试代码

3、配置

4、参数例外项

配置

七、系统规则

各项配置参数说明

八、@SentinelResource

1、按资源名称限流+后续处理

2、按照Url地址限流+后续处理

3、客户自定义限流处理逻辑

4、更多注解属性说明

九、服务熔断功能

1、Ribbon系列

2、Feign系列

3、熔断框架比较

十、规则持久化

步骤

--------------------

# 一、Sentinel #

--------------------

## 1、官网 ##

[https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel][https_github.com_alibaba_Sentinel]

中文:[https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D][https_github.com_alibaba_Sentinel_wiki_E4_BB_8B_E7_BB_8D]

## 2、Sentinel是什么 ##

类似之前学过的Hystrix

![a7ca1fdafcf84ab497f09b51b63f8596.png][]

## 3、下载 ##

[Releases · alibaba/Sentinel · GitHub][Releases _ alibaba_Sentinel _ GitHub]

![8764b7c5abc7432a86d07f83daabeb63.png][]

## 4、特性 ##

![24241953be4a4e9e862e0bfd908da500.png][]

## 5、使用 ##

查看官网：[Spring Cloud Alibaba Reference Documentation][]

**服务使用中的各种问题**

*  服务雪崩
 *  服务降级
 *  服务熔断
 *  服务限流

# 二、安装Sentinel控制台 #

--------------------

## 1、sentinel组件由2部分构成 ##

后台+前台8080

![6b3df9c161b94f959f21fc8413aece81.png][]

## 2、安装步骤 ##

### 1.下载 ###

[Releases · alibaba/Sentinel · GitHub][Releases _ alibaba_Sentinel _ GitHub]

下载到本地sentinel-dashboard-1.7.0.jar

### 2.运行命令 ###

前提：java8环境正常，8080端口不能被占用

命令：java -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.7.0.jar

![c7beecab43b84c56b96c9774b5bea712.png][]

### 3.访问sentinel管理界面 ###

[http://localhost:8080][http_localhost_8080]，登录账号密码均为sentinel

![6e4f185803e84544a3b670c3fa493c76.png][]

# 三、初始化演示工程 #

--------------------

**1、启动Nacos8848成功**

[http://localhost:8848/nacos/\#/login][http_localhost_8848_nacos_login]

**2、Module**

cloudalibaba-sentinel-service8401

**3、POM**

![74c6d98944914ef3a72e955c650292b5.png][]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <parent>
            <artifactId>cloud190805</artifactId>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>cloudalibaba-sentinel-service8401</artifactId>
    
    
    
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
                <artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
                <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
                <version>4.6.3</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
    
        </dependencies>
    
    </project>

**4、YML**

server:
      port: 8401
    
    spring:
      application:
        name: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            #Nacos服务注册中心地址
            server-addr: localhost:8848
        sentinel:
          transport:
            #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
            dashboard: localhost:8080
            #默认8719端口，假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口
            port: 8719
    
    management:
      endpoints:
        web:
          exposure:
            include: '*'

**5、主启动**

package com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
    import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
    
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class MainApp8401
    {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(MainApp8401.class, args);
        }
    }

**6、业务类FlowLimitController**

package com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba.controller;
    
    import com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba.service.OrderService;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    
    @RestController
    public class FlowLimitController
    {
    
        @GetMapping("/testA")
        public String testA()
        {
            return "------testA";
        }
    
        @GetMapping("/testB")
        public String testB()
        {
            return "------testB";
        }
    }

启动Sentinel8080 cmd ：java -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.7.0.jar

启动微服务8401

启动8401微服务后查看sentienl控制台，发现什么都没有

![015666cdebbb4cc8a10ee90d5a206938.png][]

**Sentinel采用的懒加载说明**

执行一次访问即可（[http://localhost:8401/testA][http_localhost_8401_testA] 和 [http://localhost:8401/testB][http_localhost_8401_testB]）

效果

![656cddd30d0b4dcd9da7dc78f69dabe4.png][]

**结论：**sentinel8080正在监控微服务8401

# 四、流控规则 #

--------------------

## 1、基本介绍 ##

![273c0aa2afc04dbfb01d5b4ad58f58f6.png][]

### **解释说明** ###

![f18c5b77cd0548e49b0a2de5a15c19c0.png][]

## 2、流控模式 ##

### 1.直接(默认) ###

直接->快速失败（系统默认）

配置及说明

![707dcc368b74471db2188460725a8d7c.png][]

![a044737ecab84d8c8ffc8501e268d43f.png][]

### 2.关联 ###

当关联的资源达到阈值时，就限流自己

当与A关联的资源B达到阀值后，就限流A自己、**B惹事，A挂了**

**配置A**

![3e85cd50cea544b595e29d3c97732e1a.png][]

**postman模拟并发密集访问testB**

访问testB成功

![db62ddaeb5a54fea9bb15e9c3caaf7a1.png][]

postman里新建多线程集合组

![32f6fcf3de03446a85909d4750bc2a01.png][]

将访问地址添加进新新线程组

![f39b0707cf154cada9e026d3dba2cda9.png][]

Run（大批量线程高并发访问B，导致A失效了）

![cda1f9fb6f514fc7adbefee8a45c2c94.png][]

运行后发现testA挂了，点击访问http://localhost:8401/testA，结果Blocked by Sentinel (flow limiting)

### 3.链路 ###

多个请求调用了同一个微服务（可以想象当作VIP通道）

![d801beda596846b7875437ac3bcb3187.png][]

## 3、流控效果 ##

### 1.直接->快速失败(默认的流控处理) ###

![2ac61a15ba014f89b8f51cd1a78fa849.png][]

### 2.预热 ###

公式：阈值除以coldFactor(默认值为3),经过预热时长后才会达到阈值

官网：[流量控制 · alibaba/Sentinel Wiki · GitHub][_ alibaba_Sentinel Wiki _ GitHub]

![a5ccaf6bf5b74e1c839bc696ec57bbda.png][]

默认coldFactor为3，即请求 QPS 从 threshold / 3 开始，经预热时长逐渐升至设定的 QPS 阈值。

限流 冷启动：[限流 冷启动 · alibaba/Sentinel Wiki · GitHub][_ _ alibaba_Sentinel Wiki _ GitHub]

![ec66a8018b08425492958d62bd9e5c27.png][]

**WarmUp配置**

![f4dea565aa0c45d69decb7254a809e23.png][]

多次点击http://localhost:8401/testB、刚开始不行，后续慢慢OK

> **应用场景**
> 
> 如：秒杀系统在开启的瞬间，会有很多流量上来，很有可能把系统打死，预热方式就是把为了保护系统，可慢慢的把流量放进来，慢慢的把阀值增长到设置的阀值。

### 3.排队等待 ###

![8f933fa5bb7747859172017843f24132.png][]

**官网：**[https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6][_ alibaba_Sentinel Wiki _ GitHub]

![1dece22dab2447d1ab1a2211810d6fc0.png][]

![2f19d6764deb4814b193825a7cfbc472.png][]

测试

![c1cbaa4e5a5e4bc08bf83797c56a41bb.png][]

# 五、降级规则 #

--------------------

官网：[熔断降级 · alibaba/Sentinel Wiki · GitHub][_ alibaba_Sentinel Wiki _ GitHub 1]

## 1、基本介绍 ##

> RT（平均响应时间，秒级）
> 
>  平均响应时间 超出阈值 且  在时间窗口内通过的请求>=5，两个条件同时满足后触发降级
> 
>  窗口期过后关闭断路器
> 
>  RT最大4900（更大的需要通过-Dcsp.sentinel.statistic.max.rt=XXXX才能生效）
> 
> 异常比列（秒级）
> 
>  QPS >= 5 且异常比例（秒级统计）超过阈值时，触发降级；时间窗口结束后，关闭降级
> 
> 异常数（分钟级）
> 
>  异常数（分钟统计）超过阈值时，触发降级；时间窗口结束后，关闭降级

![706bb97af7644ee587f3f6d410c5c17c.png][]

> Sentinel 熔断降级会在调用链路中某个资源出现不稳定状态时（例如调用超时或异常比例升高），对这个资源的调用进行限制，让请求快速失败，避免影响到其它的资源而导致级联错误。
> 
> 当资源被降级后，在接下来的降级时间窗口之内，对该资源的调用都自动熔断（默认行为是抛出 DegradeException）。

Sentinel的断路器是没有半开状态的

半开的状态系统自动去检测是否请求有异常，没有异常就关闭断路器恢复使用，有异常则继续打开断路器不可用。具体可以参考Hystrix

## 2、降级策略实战 ##

### 1.RT ###

![22fdcf2f8989482db8c91318228b4afc.png][]

![6cc6f00d0c264c6393834b1000d8bc64.png][]

测试

@GetMapping("/testD")
    public String testD()
    {
        //暂停几秒钟线程
        try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
        log.info("testD 测试RT");
        return "------testD";
    }

配置

![886b04eef6c14fdf903d49cc6ac7a3ba.png][]

jmeter压测

![594fca6a32ac4cd0a9a07815787c7af9.png][]

结论：

永远一秒钟打进来10个线程（大于5个了）调用testD，我们希望200毫秒处理完本次任务，

如果超过200毫秒还没处理完，在未来1秒钟的时间窗口内，断路器打开(保险丝跳闸)微服务不可用，保险丝跳闸断电了

后续我停止jmeter，没有这么大的访问量了，断路器关闭(保险丝恢复)，微服务恢复OK

### 2.异常比例 ###

![325f684e0d384e93bfbddcb8574c35c2.png][]

![0da055f54bb241bea18520d2b273fe9c.png][]

测试

@GetMapping("/testD")
    public String testD()
    {
        log.info("testD 测试RT");
        int age = 10/0;
        return "------testD";
    }

配置

![c9a81903bdf040469d6a4556b022344c.png][]

jmeter

![19b4fb96fdcb40218fe55896232f14a1.png][]

结论

![28421147f65f4da5842184f74ac4a8da.png][]

### 3.异常数 ###

![311b0db73b214cf6a1db795a6b4545a7.png][]

![fd6bbd61631e4593a6c431cc26cdb1ed.png][]

异常数是按照分钟统计的

测试

@GetMapping("/testE")
    public String testE()
    {
        log.info("testE 测试异常比例");
        int age = 10/0;
        return "------testE 测试异常比例";
    }

配置

![30f80987bd1a433fad68f2e1174a75c8.png][]

jmeter

![25c9f7f4108e4f5e989512170a0fca30.png][]

# 六、热点key限流 #

--------------------

## 1、基本介绍 ##

![55e4c6d7fa3445daa61e012a939fe182.png][]

官网：[https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/热点参数限流][https_github.com_alibaba_Sentinel_wiki]

![d81c5ad9ff4e4aa1857fc332b6dd6694.png][]

## 2、测试代码 ##

@SentinelResource

@GetMapping("/testHotKey")
    @SentinelResource(value = "testHotKey",blockHandler = "dealHandler_testHotKey")
    public String testHotKey(@RequestParam(value = "p1",required = false) String p1, 
    
                             @RequestParam(value = "p2",required = false) String p2){
        return "------testHotKey";
    }
    public String dealHandler_testHotKey(String p1,String p2,BlockException exception)
    {
        return "-----dealHandler_testHotKey";
    }

## 3、配置 ##

![2474532ea0734bbf992231cb512abab7.png][]

> 限流模式只支持QPS模式，固定写死了。（这才叫热点）
> 
> @SentinelResource注解的方法参数索引，0代表第一个参数，1代表第二个参数，以此类推
> 
> 单机阀值以及统计窗口时长表示在此窗口时间超过阀值就限流。
> 
> 上面的抓图就是第一个参数有值的话，1秒的QPS为1，超过就限流，限流后调用dealHandler\_testHotKey支持方法。

![7c8765c1db344c9aaaeebb99d4e55c51.png][]

![607a6d3e94f64e2c959ccd3dc7b6416b.png][]

**测试**

![661aca8ec92b45c196afd25497628d8b.png][]

## 4、参数例外项 ##

上述案例演示了第一个参数p1，当QPS超过1秒1次点击后马上被限流

![796c7a1ec2b74af7b314f852d4bd3a96.png][]

### 配置 ###

![3b2126b64b9e4d198c208baea28c726d.png][]

![fe91cee780c6457590542bd900ddc4ef.png][]

> @SentinelResource
> 
> 处理的是Sentinel控制台配置的违规情况，有blockHandler方法配置的兜底处理；
> 
> RuntimeException
> 
> int age = 10/0,这个是java运行时报出的运行时异常RunTimeException，@SentinelResource不管
> 
> 总结
> 
> @SentinelResource主管配置出错，运行出错该走异常走异常

# 七、系统规则 #

--------------------

官网：[系统自适应限流 · alibaba/Sentinel Wiki · GitHub][_ alibaba_Sentinel Wiki _ GitHub 2]

## 各项配置参数说明 ##

![4d8b58a3913e4f9eb16f587eb42c286a.png][]

# 八、@SentinelResource #

--------------------

## 1、按资源名称限流+后续处理 ##

启动Nacos成功：[http://localhost:8848/nacos/\#/login][http_localhost_8848_nacos_login]

启动Sentinel成功：java -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.7.0.jar

**Module**

1.新建cloudalibaba-sentinel-service8401

2.POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <parent>
            <artifactId>mscloud03</artifactId>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>cloudalibaba-sentinel-service8401</artifactId>
    
    
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
                <version>${project.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
                <artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
                <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
                <version>4.6.3</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
    
        </dependencies>
    
    </project>

3.YML

4.业务类RateLimitController

5.主启动

**配置流控规则**

![ee5c2097c1a8434bb17f9c1a646dba81.png][]

图形配置和代码关系（表示1秒钟内查询次数大于1，就跑到我们自定义的处流，限流）

![703d600d50654df596cab53f0f83ef79.png][]

![a9d5d79e12f2460aa0eafd9e37403705.png][]

![ff2cb0ae36d94b51bb7d914ead798e1d.png][]

**额外问题：**此时关闭问服务8401看看，Sentinel控制台，流控规则消失了-临时（见第十的规则持久化）

## 2、按照Url地址限流+后续处理 ##

通过访问的URL来限流，会返回Sentinel自带默认的限流处理信息

业务类RateLimitController

访问：[http://localhost:8401/rateLimit/byUrl][http_localhost_8401_rateLimit_byUrl]

**Sentinel控制台配置**

![4c23dc5b59554255bf4d3ae2ddf9945c.png][]

![01a7da26cc0745b0a9896c65a3da5d4d.png][]

![60bb4612d33a4acdb79f56812f2b9072.png][]

**上面兜底方案面临的问题**

> 1.  系统默认的，没有体现我们自己的业务要求。
> 2.  依照现有条件，我们自定义的处理方法又和业务代码耦合在一块，不直观。
> 3.  每个业务方法都添加一个兜底的，那代码膨胀加剧。
> 4.  全局统一的处理方法没有体现。

## 3、客户自定义限流处理逻辑 ##

创建CustomerBlockHandler类用于自定义限流处理逻辑

1.自定义限流处理类CustomerBlockHandler

package com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba.myhandler;
    
    import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
    import com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba.entities.CommonResult;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    public class CustomerBlockHandler
    {
        public static CommonResult handleException(BlockException exception){
            return new CommonResult(2020,"自定义的限流处理信息......CustomerBlockHandler");
        }
    }

![f1613c4dbc304b7387b6cf58480fb648.png][]

2.RateLimitController

![d9c3bf327f2742e6abcdaf9f29d2f05a.png][]

启动微服务后先调用一次[http://localhost:8401/rateLimit/customerBlockHandler][http_localhost_8401_rateLimit_customerBlockHandler]

3.Sentinel控制台配置

![d42017db162e46ae978cca7902990b05.png][]

测试后我们自定义的出来了

![a0104e3704a54261a7c400caf78b3984.png][]

## 4、更多注解属性说明 ##

![55196333408a46b597520c39827419d7.png][]

![122dc08ab46e49b59135e3bc63028b07.png][]

![84c089bb273d4cb999d43c8b97a6b97f.png][]

# 九、服务熔断功能 #

--------------------

sentinel整合ribbon+openFeign+fallback

## 1、Ribbon系列 ##

**1.启动nacos和sentinel**

**2.提供者9003/9004**

新建cloudalibaba-provider-payment9003/9004两个一样的做法

POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <parent>
            <artifactId>mscloud03</artifactId>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>cloudalibaba-provider-payment9003</artifactId>
    
    
    
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
                <version>${project.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </project>

YML（记得修改不同的端口号）

server:
      port: 9003
    
    spring:
      application:
        name: nacos-payment-provider
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置Nacos地址
    
    management:
      endpoints:
        web:
          exposure:
            include: '*'

主启动

package com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    public class PaymentMain9003
    {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
                SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain9003.class, args);
        }
    }

业务类

package com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba.controller;
    
    import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
    import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import java.util.HashMap;
    @RestController
    public class PaymentController
    {
        @Value("${server.port}")
        private String serverPort;
    
        public static HashMap<Long,Payment> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
        static
        {
            hashMap.put(1L,new Payment(1L,"28a8c1e3bc2742d8848569891fb42181"));
            hashMap.put(2L,new Payment(2L,"bba8c1e3bc2742d8848569891ac32182"));
            hashMap.put(3L,new Payment(3L,"6ua8c1e3bc2742d8848569891xt92183"));
        }
    
        @GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
        public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
        {
            Payment payment = hashMap.get(id);
            CommonResult<Payment> result = new CommonResult(200,"from mysql,serverPort:  "+serverPort,payment);
            return result;
        }
    
    
    }

测试地址：[http://localhost:9003/paymentSQL/1][http_localhost_9003_paymentSQL_1]

**3.消费者84**

新建cloudalibaba-consumer-nacos-order84

POM

![8aa1a6ce2c34440597906171dacc3a7d.png][]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <parent>
            <artifactId>mscloud03</artifactId>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>cloudalibaba-consumer-nacos-order84</artifactId>
    
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
                <version>${project.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </project>

YML

server:
      port: 84
    
    
    spring:
      application:
        name: nacos-order-consumer
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: localhost:8848
        sentinel:
          transport:
            #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
            dashboard: localhost:8080
            #默认8719端口，假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口
            port: 8719
    
    
    #消费者将要去访问的微服务名称(注册成功进nacos的微服务提供者)
    service-url:
      nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider

主启动

package com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
    
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class OrderNacosMain84
    {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
                SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosMain84.class, args);
        }
    }

业务类

ApplicationContextConfig

package com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba.config;
    
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    
    @Configuration
    public class ApplicationContextConfig
    {
        @Bean
        @LoadBalanced
        public RestTemplate getRestTemplate()
        {
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    }

CircleBreakerController

![f4b596a8fa1449dfa7606ea21b00f129.png][]

![cd44c4741bf04876ad9ceb549685c467.png][]

**fallback和blockHandler都配置**

编码

package com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba.controller;
    
    import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.annotation.SentinelResource;
    import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
    import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
    import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    import java.sql.SQLException;
    import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
    
    @RestController
    @Slf4j
    public class CircleBreakerController
    {
        public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
    
        @Resource
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
        @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
         @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler")
        public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
        {
            CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
            if (id == 4) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException ("非法参数异常....");
            }else if (result.getData() == null) {
                throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录");
            }
            return result;
        }
        public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable  Long id,Throwable e) {
            Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
            return new CommonResult<>(444,"fallback,无此流水,exception  "+e.getMessage(),payment);
        }
        public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable  Long id,BlockException blockException) {
            Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
            return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException  "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
        }
    
    }

![2ce6663cf5774edb9a34f00be93a28ae.png][]

sentinel需配置

![f5783d6662be41a2a42245d6437259a6.png][]

结果

![5a90e9be29b64c8ab84dd676065af6f6.png][]

**忽略属性**

![15693db3f922416f9ddb220393434c75.png][]

程序异常打到前台了，对用户不友好

![c5acc36c1fc04b3e97b4a77afc886d9e.png][]

## 2、Feign系列 ##

![254c5e982d4c4b029fd11424390feaba.png][]

2.POM

![570ea29fb4ca4d3497aaeabeeef4283b.png][]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <parent>
            <artifactId>mscloud03</artifactId>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>cloudalibaba-consumer-nacos-order84</artifactId>
    
    
    
    
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
                <version>${project.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </project>

3.YML（激活Sentinel对Feign的支持）

![a9d5e87864fb4e3abb26b4683ed317e8.png][]

server:
      port: 84
    
    
    spring:
      application:
        name: nacos-order-consumer
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            #Nacos服务注册中心地址
            server-addr: localhost:8848
        sentinel:
          transport:
            #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
            dashboard: localhost:8080
            #默认8719端口，假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口
            port: 8719
    
    management:
      endpoints:
        web:
          exposure:
            include: '*'
    # 激活Sentinel对Feign的支持
    feign:
      sentinel:
        enabled: true

4.业务类

带@FeignClient注解的业务接口（定义接口）

![56245d5c0d82421b81cf6f64c3752f80.png][]

package com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba.service;
    
    import com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba.entities.CommonResult;
    import com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba.entities.Payment;
    import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    
    /**
     * 使用 fallback 方式是无法获取异常信息的，
     * 如果想要获取异常信息，可以使用 fallbackFactory参数
     */
    @FeignClient(value = "nacos-payment-provider",fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)//调用中关闭9003服务提供者
    public interface PaymentService
    {
        @GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
        public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
    }

fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class（实现类）

package com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba.service;
    
    import com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba.entities.CommonResult;
    import com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba.entities.Payment;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    @Component
    public class PaymentFallbackService implements PaymentService
    {
        @Override
        public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(Long id)
        {
            return new CommonResult<>(444,"服务降级返回,没有该流水信息",new Payment(id, "errorSerial......"));
        }
    }

5.Controller

![1fc41fe242cc45fa9904ba9d56b9166f.png][]

package com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba.controller;
    
    import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.annotation.SentinelResource;
    import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
    import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
    import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    
    @RestController
    @Slf4j
    public class CircleBreakerController
    {
        public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
    
        @Resource
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
        @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
        //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback") //没有配置
        //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback") //fallback只负责业务异常
        //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler") //blockHandler只负责sentinel控制台配置违规
        @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler",
                exceptionsToIgnore = {IllegalArgumentException.class})
        public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
        {
            CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
    
            if (id == 4) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
            }else if (result.getData() == null) {
                throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
            }
    
            return result;
        }
        //本例是fallback
        public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable  Long id,Throwable e) {
            Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
            return new CommonResult<>(444,"兜底异常handlerFallback,exception内容  "+e.getMessage(),payment);
        }
        //本例是blockHandler
        public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable  Long id,BlockException blockException) {
            Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
            return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException  "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
        }
    
        //==================OpenFeign
        @Resource
        private PaymentService paymentService;
    
        @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/openfeign/{id}")
        public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
        {
            if(id == 4)
            {
                throw new RuntimeException("没有该id");
            }
            return paymentService.paymentSQL(id);
        }
    
    }

6.主启动

添加@EnableFeignClients启动Feign的功能

package com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
    import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
    
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableFeignClients
    public class OrderNacosMain84
    {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
                SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosMain84.class, args);
        }
    }

![8056d26ca1a744d09565cb28ffd945aa.png][]

## 3、熔断框架比较 ##

![4de9f8c89de54cbbbba6dbe2f76de960.png][]

# 十、规则持久化 #

--------------------

一旦我们重启应用，sentinel规则将消失，生产环境需要将配置规则进行持久化

> 将限流配置规则持久化进Nacos保存，只要刷新8401某个rest地址，sentinel控制台的流控规则就能看到，只要Nacos里面的配置不删除，针对8401上sentinel上的流控规则持续有效

## 步骤 ##

1.修改cloudalibaba-sentinel-service8401

2.POM引入持久化依赖

<dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
        <artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
    </dependency>

3.YML

添加Nacos数据源配置

![417ed4fdd92944aca6f2a4b41aff4086.png][]

server:
      port: 8401
    
    spring:
      application:
        name: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: localhost:8848 #Nacos服务注册中心地址
        sentinel:
          transport:
            dashboard: localhost:8080 #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
            port: 8719
          datasource:
            ds1:
              nacos:
                server-addr: localhost:8848
                dataId: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
                groupId: DEFAULT_GROUP
                data-type: json
                rule-type: flow
    
    management:
      endpoints:
        web:
          exposure:
            include: '*'
    
    feign:
      sentinel:
        enabled: true # 激活Sentinel对Feign的支持

4.添加Nacos业务规则配置

![1ea9480ff6c24bc49cbe0376316cd020.png][]

![6e80e3c8551b4785b67bd5b00fda1787.png][]

5.启动8401后刷新sentinel发现业务规则有了

![e82cc6cee85b4280b10b58016e37e294.png][]

6.快速访问测试接口

![7d15befbcf134131b7b102ebb6bf9174.png][]

7.停止8401再看sentinel

![17acdb887d6349a69b808d8b6ff55a5c.png][]

![c63ba5597c8d42faa4a0af1e3a88739c.png][]

结束！

[SpringCloud]: https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=%E5%B0%9A%E7%A1%85%E8%B0%B7SpringCloud&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020
[https_github.com_alibaba_Sentinel]: https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel
[https_github.com_alibaba_Sentinel_wiki_E4_BB_8B_E7_BB_8D]: https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D
[a7ca1fdafcf84ab497f09b51b63f8596.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/a7ca1fdafcf84ab497f09b51b63f8596.png
[Releases _ alibaba_Sentinel _ GitHub]: https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/releases
[8764b7c5abc7432a86d07f83daabeb63.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/8764b7c5abc7432a86d07f83daabeb63.png
[24241953be4a4e9e862e0bfd908da500.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/24241953be4a4e9e862e0bfd908da500.png
[Spring Cloud Alibaba Reference Documentation]: https://spring-cloud-alibaba-group.github.io/github-pages/greenwich/spring-cloud-alibaba.html#_spring_cloud_alibaba_sentinel
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