英语语法汇总(3.代词）

灰太狼 2023-09-26 10:48 110阅读 0赞

## 人称代词 ##

*  用在谓语动词前面，作主语
    
     *  you are student
 *  it,可以表示人，一般表示要确定什么人，或表示弄不清楚小孩性别
    
     *  There’s a knock at the door. who is it?
 *  宾语人称，位于宾语位置上名词，充当动词或介词宾语，有直接宾语（动作的承受者）或间接宾语（动作指向的人）
    
     *  I met her in the street
 *  系动词后的be，可使用宾语
    
     *  who is it? It’s me.
 *  同位语结构，保持一致
    
     *  Both Jack and I can swim very well
 *  机械看作her
    
     *  My car is not fast, but she does 50 miles to the gallon
 *  国家人物化
    
     *  Amercia assumed her role as a world power
 *  it,them,the one 作宾语
    
     *  I like it

## 不定代词 ##

*  some,any ,no ,every 和组成的复合词someone，anyone
 *  some一般肯定陈述句，any用于疑问句或否定句
 *  表示建议或请求，仍用some，something
    
     *  May I ask you some questions
 *  any或anything用于陈述句的肯定形式，表示泛指概念，指任何
    
     *  you can choose anything you like here
 *  复合不定代词，something/anything等定于一般后置
    
     *  This is something special
 *  "排除"概念时，经常将else与不定代词，构成everyone else,someone else,anyone else “另外”
    
     *  can you find anyone else?
 *  指代a/an +可数名词，必须用one做宾语
    
     *  the ones on the shelf.是架子上那几个
 *  不可数或复数名词用于非特指，必须用some或any做宾语
    
     *  Have you got any sugar?

## 物主代词 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][97364e40205f4baf9b0cf8ff83005bdb.png_pic_center]

*  物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
 *  形容词性物主代词是限定词，放在名词前
    
     *  his book
 *  thier 克表示动物或物品所有
    
     *  these engines have lost their power
 *  one’s可做非人称形容词性物主代词，但不能做名词性物主代词
    
     *  one’s first duty is to one’s family
 *  所有格代词mine，yours不能用在名词之前，有加重语气的效果
 *  名词性物主代词可以放在句首
    
     *  This is my dog. your is the one.
 *  one’s own表强调所有关系。既可以有形容词性物主代词也有名词性物主代词的作用
    
     *  I’d love to have my own room 我喜欢有一个自己的房间
        
         *  进一步强调，可以加上very.
         *  I’d love to have my very own room 我细化有一个完全属于自己的房间

## 反身代词 ##

*  反身代词属于所有个形容词，构成“形容词性物主代词+self”或“人称代词宾格+self”
 *  ![在这里插入图片描述][cbc78fab63284ae6a8560052bbb8b2c0.png_pic_center]
 *  某些动词如avail，absent，pride等，后面必须跟翻身代词做宾语
    
     *  she prided herself on her ability to speak eight languages.
 *  balme,dry,cut.enjoy,introduce,hurt,amese 后面跟反身代词做宾语
    
     *  we really enjoyed ourselves at the funfair
 *  主语和宾语为同一人，动词后面使用反身代词
    
     *  suan is dressing herself
 *  反身代词与普通名词搭配，其回指主语作用
    
     *  he got such a shock when he saw himself in the mirror
 *  反身代词可以做间接宾语
    
     *  the boss gave himself a rise
 *  反身代词可以用在动词，名词或形容词词组的介词之后，其强调
    
     *  Look after yourself
 *  放在动词和副词之间
    
     *  they gave themselves up
 *  by+反身代词 表独自
    
     *  he lives by himself
 *  反身代词用在but和than之后不表示强调
    
     *  you can blame no one but yourself
 *  反身代词放在名词或代词之后起强调
    
     *  you,yourself,heard the explosion,quite clearly
 *  反身代词可以放在句尾
    
     *  I heard the explosion myself.

## 指示代词 ##

*  this,that,these,those. "this,these"指示近指，与here对应；“that，those”为远指，与there对应，一般与名词一起使用
    
     *  this girl,that boy
 *  指示代词可以单独使用，或者和one使用，做形容词性指示代词。
    
     *  I don’t like this one.(我不喜欢这个)
     *  I like this.
 *  单独使用指示代词时，不指人而指物；但在who。。。？可以指人
    
     *  who is this? who’s that?
     *  I found this watch. I found this.

[97364e40205f4baf9b0cf8ff83005bdb.png_pic_center]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/97364e40205f4baf9b0cf8ff83005bdb.png#pic_center
[cbc78fab63284ae6a8560052bbb8b2c0.png_pic_center]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/cbc78fab63284ae6a8560052bbb8b2c0.png#pic_center