Spring Security 密码编码

桃扇骨 2023-09-27 08:44 12阅读 0赞

本页将介绍 Spring Security 密码编码示例。在 Spring Security 中，`PasswordEncoder`实现了该接口以提供不同类型的密码编码器，例如`Argon2PasswordEncoder`等`BCryptPasswordEncoder`。在 Spring Security 5.0 中，默认密码编码器是`DelegatingPasswordEncoder`。  
  
要在 中配置密码编码器`DaoAuthenticationProvider`，它提供了`setPasswordEncoder`方法。  
对于 LDAP 身份验证提供程序，我们可以使用`passwordEncoder`以下内部类的方法。

LdapAuthenticationProviderConfigurer.PasswordCompareConfigurer

在 XML 配置中，要使用密码编码器，请为密码编码器创建一个 bean，并使用`<password-encoder>`元素内的`<authentication-provider>`元素对其进行分配。  
在此页面上，我们将通过示例讨论使用不同类型的密码编码器。

**内容**

*  [使用的技术][Link 1]
 *  [密码编码器][Link 2]
 *  [BCryptPasswordEncoder][]
 *  [Argon2PasswordEncoder][]
 *  [Pbkdf2PasswordEncoder][]
 *  [SCryptPasswordEncoder][]
 *  [委托密码编码器][Link 3]
 *  [输出][Link 4]
 *  [参考][Link 5]
 *  [下载源代码][Link 6]

#### 使用的技术 ####

找出我们示例中使用的技术。  
1.Java 11  
2.Spring 5.2.1.RELEASE 3.Spring  
Boot 2.2.1.RELEASE 4.Maven  
3.5.2

### 密码编码器 ###

Spring Security 提供`PasswordEncoder`的接口具有不同的密码编码实现。有以下`PasswordEncoder`方法。  
**1.**

String encode(CharSequence rawPassword)

编码原始密码。  
**2.**

boolean  matches(CharSequence rawPassword, String encodedPassword)

验证编码的密码。  
**3.**

default boolean	 upgradeEncoding(String encodedPassword)

检查编码的密码是否应该再次编码。  
  
找到`PasswordEncoder`接口的实现。  
1. Argon2PasswordEncoder, 2. BCryptPasswordEncoder  
3. DelegatingPasswordEncoder, 4. LdapShaPasswordEncoder  
5. Md4PasswordEncoder, 6. MessageDigestPasswordEncoder  
7. NoOpPasswordEncoder, 8. Pbkdf2PasswordEncoder  
9. SCryptPasswordEncoder, 10. StandardPasswordEncoder  
  
找到使用不同密码编码器显示编码和匹配密码的测试类。  
**PasswordEncoderTest.java**

package com.concretepage;
    import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
    import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
    import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
    import org.springframework.security.crypto.argon2.Argon2PasswordEncoder;
    import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
    import org.springframework.security.crypto.factory.PasswordEncoderFactories;
    import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
    import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.Pbkdf2PasswordEncoder;
    import org.springframework.security.crypto.scrypt.SCryptPasswordEncoder;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;
    
    @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
    @ContextConfiguration
    public class PasswordEncoderTest {
    	@Test
    	public void testBCrypt() {
    		BCryptPasswordEncoder encoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    		String result = encoder.encode("ram123");
    		assertTrue(encoder.matches("ram123", result));		
    	}
    	@Test
    	public void testArgon2() {
    		Argon2PasswordEncoder encoder = new Argon2PasswordEncoder();
    		String result = encoder.encode("ram123");
    		assertTrue(encoder.matches("ram123", result));		
    	}
    	@Test
    	public void testPbkdf2() {
    		Pbkdf2PasswordEncoder encoder = new Pbkdf2PasswordEncoder();
    		String result = encoder.encode("ram123");
    		assertTrue(encoder.matches("ram123", result));		
    	}
    	@Test
    	public void testSCrypt() {
    		SCryptPasswordEncoder encoder = new SCryptPasswordEncoder();
    		String result = encoder.encode("ram123");
    		assertTrue(encoder.matches("ram123", result));		
    	}	
    	@Test
    	public void testDelegatingPasswordEncoder() {
    		PasswordEncoder encoder = PasswordEncoderFactories.createDelegatingPasswordEncoder(); 
    		String result = encoder.encode("ram123");
    		System.out.println(result);
    		assertTrue(encoder.matches("ram123", result));		
    	}	
    }

找到测试结果的打印屏幕。

![63e630d31dee84251b9c7be26786aece.jpeg][]

### BCryptPasswordEncoder ###

这`BCryptPasswordEncoder`是使用**BCrypt**强哈希函数的`PasswordEncoder`接口的实现。要实例化，我们可以选择传递**BCrypt**版本和强度。强度值越大，对密码进行哈希处理的工作就越多。我们使用如下 编码和匹配密码。`BCryptPasswordEncoder``BCryptPasswordEncoder`

BCryptPasswordEncoder encoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    String result = encoder.encode("ram123");
    assertTrue(encoder.matches("ram123", result));

在我们的 Spring Security Java 配置中，要启用特定的密码编码器，只需为该密码编码器创建一个 bean。

@Configuration
    @EnableWebSecurity
    public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    	@Override
    	protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
    		auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
    		.withUser("lakhan")
    		.password("$2a$10$q5pHs1fyVDbQSnBu3Il/meAONlMYFT1RhGlT2OC6IXX5.bp2JBZU6")
    		.roles("USER");
    	}
    	@Bean
    	public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
    		BCryptPasswordEncoder passwordEncoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    		return passwordEncoder;
    	}	
            ------
    }

在 XML 配置中找到要创建的 bean，并使用`<password-encoder>`element 分配它。

<authentication-manager>
    	<authentication-provider>
    		<password-encoder ref="passwordEncoder"/>
    		<user-service>
    			<user name="lakhan"
    				 password="$2a$10$q5pHs1fyVDbQSnBu3Il/meAONlMYFT1RhGlT2OC6IXX5.bp2JBZU6" 
    				 authorities="ROLE_USER" />		        
    		</user-service>	
    	</authentication-provider>
    </authentication-manager>
    
    <beans:bean name="passwordEncoder" 
    	  class="org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder"/>

### Argon2PasswordEncoder ###

这`Argon2PasswordEncoder`是使用**Argon2**散列函数的`PasswordEncoder`接口的实现。要实例化，我们可以选择传递盐的长度、生成的哈希长度、CPU 成本参数、内存成本参数和并行化参数。要使用，我们需要解决 Bouncy castle 依赖。 `Argon2PasswordEncoder``Argon2PasswordEncoder`

<dependency>
    	<groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId>
    	<artifactId>bcprov-jdk15on</artifactId>
    	<version>1.64</version>
    </dependency>

`Argon2PasswordEncoder`我们可以使用如下 编码和匹配密码。

Argon2PasswordEncoder encoder = new Argon2PasswordEncoder();
    String result = encoder.encode("ram123");
    assertTrue(encoder.matches("ram123", result));

在 Spring Security Java 配置中，要启用`Argon2PasswordEncoder`，只需创建它的 bean。

@Configuration
    @EnableWebSecurity
    public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    	@Override
    	protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
    		auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
    		.withUser("ram")
    		.password("$argon2id$v=19$m=4096,t=3,p=1$JudTbnHxqeGVs608XXVcTA$WB7CJvel59tcXBbsXhyq60et7wutd1DYSFufFX9uhtM")
    		.roles("USER");
    	}
    	@Bean
    	public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
    		Argon2PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder = new Argon2PasswordEncoder();
    		return passwordEncoder;
    	}	
            ------
    }

在 XML 配置中找到要创建的 bean，并使用`<password-encoder>`element 分配它。

<beans:bean name="passwordEncoder" 
              class="org.springframework.security.crypto.argon2.Argon2PasswordEncoder"/>

### Pbkdf2PasswordEncoder ###

这是使用**PBKDF2**散列函数`Pbkdf2PasswordEncoder`的接口的实现。要实例化，我们可以选择传递要包含在密码哈希、迭代次数和哈希大小中的秘密值。使用 查找对密码进行编码和匹配的示例。 `PasswordEncoder``Pbkdf2PasswordEncoder``Pbkdf2PasswordEncoder`

Pbkdf2PasswordEncoder encoder = new Pbkdf2PasswordEncoder();
    String result = encoder.encode("ram123");
    assertTrue(encoder.matches("ram123", result));

要`Pbkdf2PasswordEncoder`在 Spring Security Java 配置中使用，只需创建它的 bean。

@Configuration
    @EnableWebSecurity
    public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    	@Override
    	protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
    		auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
    		.withUser("bharat")
    		.password("77a366e9ba2d6830b64d1b86eb7462996f3102d2b76562de3e56e5f13543a02486e1ee553cef18de")
    		.roles("USER");
    	}
    	@Bean
    	public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
    		Pbkdf2PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder = new Pbkdf2PasswordEncoder();
    		return passwordEncoder;
    	}	
            ------
    }

在 XML 配置中找到要创建的 bean，并使用`<password-encoder>`element 分配它。

<beans:bean name="passwordEncoder" 
              class="org.springframework.security.crypto.password.Pbkdf2PasswordEncoder"/>

### SCryptPasswordEncoder ###

这`SCryptPasswordEncoder`是`PasswordEncoder`使用**SCrypt**散列函数的接口的实现。要实例化`SCryptPasswordEncoder`，我们可以选择传递 CPU 成本、内存成本、并行化参数、算法的密钥长度和盐长度。要使用`SCryptPasswordEncoder`，我们需要解决 Bouncy castle 依赖。使用 查找对密码进行编码和匹配的示例`SCryptPasswordEncoder`。

SCryptPasswordEncoder encoder = new SCryptPasswordEncoder();
    String result = encoder.encode("ram123");
    assertTrue(encoder.matches("ram123", result));

要`SCryptPasswordEncoder`在 Spring Security Java 配置中使用，只需创建它的 bean。

@Configuration
    @EnableWebSecurity
    public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    	@Override
    	protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
    		auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
    		.withUser("shatru")
    		.password("$e0801$VoXA+5ot9fXbuLaOj5izqgd3JrOtBjvsqpbwssgHIA3omPpNB8t+FYtnsVpxx5DJjAvFtrA/klDstepB320TSw==$CLsjnAxzzNof2jkDrSBeoCTvuxO8qi67FRDY0vrCZwY=")
    		.roles("USER");
    	}
    	@Bean
    	public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
    		SCryptPasswordEncoder passwordEncoder = new SCryptPasswordEncoder();
    		return passwordEncoder;
    	}	
            ------
    }

在 XML 配置中找到要创建的 bean，并使用`<password-encoder>`element 分配它。

<beans:bean name="passwordEncoder" 
              class="org.springframework.security.crypto.scrypt.SCryptPasswordEncoder"/>

### 委托密码编码器 ###

这`DelegatingPasswordEncoder`是 Spring Security 5.0 中的默认密码编码器。基于前缀标识符的`DelegatingPasswordEncoder`委托给另一个。`PasswordEncoder`例如，  
**1。**

{noop}ram123

将`DelegatingPasswordEncoder`将此密码委托给`NoOpPasswordEncoder`.  
**2.**

{bcrypt}$2a$10$q5pHs1fyVDbQSnBu3Il/meAONlMYFT1RhGlT2OC6IXX5.bp2JBZU6

将`DelegatingPasswordEncoder`将此密码委托给`BCryptPasswordEncoder`.  
**3.**

{pbkdf2}77a366e9ba2d6830b64d1b86eb7462996f3102d2b76562de3e56e5f13543a02486e1ee553cef18de

将`DelegatingPasswordEncoder`将此密码委托给`Pbkdf2PasswordEncoder`.  
  
找到一个完整的例子。  
**SecurityConfig.java**

package com.concretepage;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
    import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
    import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
    import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
    
    @Configuration
    @EnableWebSecurity
    public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    	@Override
    	protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
    		http.authorizeRequests()
    		   .antMatchers("/**").access("hasRole('USER')")
    		   .and().formLogin();
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
    		auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("ram")
    		.password("{noop}ram123") //ram123
    		.roles("USER")
    		.and()
    		.withUser("lakhan")
    		.password("{bcrypt}$2a$10$q5pHs1fyVDbQSnBu3Il/meAONlMYFT1RhGlT2OC6IXX5.bp2JBZU6") //lakhan123
    		.roles("USER");
    	}
    }

找到等效的 XML 配置。  
**security-config.xml**

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
    	xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
    	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    	http://www.springframework.org/schema/security
    	http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security.xsd">
    	<http>
    		<intercept-url  pattern="/**" access="hasRole('USER')" />
    		<form-login /> 
    	</http>
    	<authentication-manager>
    		<authentication-provider>
    		    <user-service>
    		        <user name="ram"
    		             password="{noop}ram123" 
    		             authorities="ROLE_USER" />
    		        <user name="lakhan"
    		             password="{bcrypt}$2a$10$q5pHs1fyVDbQSnBu3Il/meAONlMYFT1RhGlT2OC6IXX5.bp2JBZU6" 
    		             authorities="ROLE_USER" />			        		        
    		    </user-service>	
    		</authentication-provider>
    	</authentication-manager>
    </beans:beans>

**pom.xml**

<parent>
    	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    	<version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
    	<relativePath />
    </parent>
    <properties>
    	<context.path>spring-app</context.path>
    	<java.version>11</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
    	<dependency>
    		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    	</dependency>
    	<dependency>
    		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
    	</dependency>
    	<dependency>
    		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    	</dependency>
    	<dependency>
    		<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
    		<artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
    		<version>5.3.2</version>
    		<scope>test</scope>
    	</dependency>
    	<dependency>
    		<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
    		<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
    		<version>5.3.2</version>
    		<scope>test</scope>
    	</dependency>
    	<dependency>
    		<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
    		<artifactId>junit-jupiter-params</artifactId>
    		<version>5.3.2</version>
    		<scope>test</scope>
    	</dependency>
    	<dependency>
    		<groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId>
    		<artifactId>junit-platform-launcher</artifactId>
    		<version>1.3.2</version>
    		<scope>test</scope>
    	</dependency>
    	<dependency>
    		<groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId>
    		<artifactId>bcprov-jdk15on</artifactId>
    		<version>1.64</version>
    	</dependency>
    </dependencies>

**AppController.java**

package com.concretepage;
    import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
    
    @Controller
    public class AppController {
    	@GetMapping("/app")
    	public @ResponseBody String helloUser(Authentication authentication) {
    		return "Welcome! " + authentication.getName();
    	}
    }

**Main.java**

package com.concretepage;
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class Main {
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
    	}
    }

### 输出 ###

下载项目并使用命令提示符从项目的根文件夹运行以下命令。

mvn spring-boot:run

访问网址。

http://localhost:8080/app

输入凭据**lakhan/lakhan123**

![60771a6d649892679f2f33c0a9af40e3.jpeg][]

我们将看到如下欢迎页面。

![6caeafa619e91db759c445e81093c6f1.jpeg][]

#### 参考 ####

[Spring 安全参考][Spring]

#### 下载源代码 ####

[spring-security-password-encoding.zip][]

[Link 1]: https://www.concretepage.com/spring-5/spring-security-password-encoding#Technologies
[Link 2]: https://www.concretepage.com/spring-5/spring-security-password-encoding#PasswordEncoder
[BCryptPasswordEncoder]: https://www.concretepage.com/spring-5/spring-security-password-encoding#BCrypt
[Argon2PasswordEncoder]: https://www.concretepage.com/spring-5/spring-security-password-encoding#Argon2
[Pbkdf2PasswordEncoder]: https://www.concretepage.com/spring-5/spring-security-password-encoding#Pbkdf2
[SCryptPasswordEncoder]: https://www.concretepage.com/spring-5/spring-security-password-encoding#SCrypt
[Link 3]: https://www.concretepage.com/spring-5/spring-security-password-encoding#Delegating
[Link 4]: https://www.concretepage.com/spring-5/spring-security-password-encoding#Output
[Link 5]: https://www.concretepage.com/spring-5/spring-security-password-encoding#reference
[Link 6]: https://www.concretepage.com/spring-5/spring-security-password-encoding#download
[63e630d31dee84251b9c7be26786aece.jpeg]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/63e630d31dee84251b9c7be26786aece.jpeg
[60771a6d649892679f2f33c0a9af40e3.jpeg]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/60771a6d649892679f2f33c0a9af40e3.jpeg
[6caeafa619e91db759c445e81093c6f1.jpeg]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/6caeafa619e91db759c445e81093c6f1.jpeg
[Spring]: https://docs.spring.io/spring-security/site/docs/current/reference/htmlsingle/
[spring-security-password-encoding.zip]: https://www.concretepage.com/spring-5/download/spring-security-password-encoding.zip