如何在 CentOS Stream 8上安装 LibreNMS

冷不防 2023-10-01 10:03 63阅读 0赞

LibreNMS是一个基于PHP，MySQL和SNMP的开源自动发现网络监控工具。

LibreNMS包括对各种网络硬件和操作系统的支持，包括瞻博网络，思科，Linux，Foundry，FreeBSD，Brocade，HP，Windows等等。它是"Observium"监控工具的分支。

### LibreNMS的特点 ###

LibreNMS监控工具的主要功能是：

*  **具有自动发现**功能 - 它将使用CDP，FDP，LLDP，OSPF，BGP，SNMP和ARP自动发现您的整个网络
 *  **API 访问**– LibreNMS 提供了一个完整的 API 来管理、绘制和检索安装中的数据。
 *  **自动更新**\- 使用LibreNMS，您可以通过新功能和错误修复自动保持最新状态。
 *  **可自定义的警报**\- 高度灵活的警报系统，通过电子邮件，IRC，松弛等进行通知。
 *  通过随网络增长的水平扩展**支持分布式轮询**
 *  **计费系统**– 根据使用情况或传输量轻松生成网络上端口的带宽账单。
 *  **Android和iOS应用程序**\- 有一个原生的iPhone / Android应用程序可用，提供核心功能。
 *  **多种身份验证方法**：MySQL，HTTP，LDAP，Radius，Active Directory
 *  集成支持[NfSen][]，[收集][Link 1]，[吸烟][Link 2]， [RANCID][]，[氧化][Link 3]

请按照以下步骤在RHEL / CentOS 8上安装和配置LibreNMS。在开始此安装之前，请确保您已[在 RHEL / CentOS 8 上安装了 EPEL 存储库][RHEL _ CentOS 8 _ EPEL]。

### 步骤 1：安装所需的依赖项 ###

我们始终使用应用程序所需的依赖项开始安装。使用下面的指南将 EPEL 存储库添加到 RHEL / CentOS 8。

[如何在 RHEL / CentOS 8 上安装 EPEL 存储库][RHEL _ CentOS 8 _ EPEL]

打开终端并运行以下命令以安装所需的依赖项。

dnf -y install yum-utils
    dnf -y install zip unzip git cronie wget fping net-snmp net-snmp-utils  jwhois mtr rrdtool  nmap

### 步骤2：安装PHP和Apache ###

安装Apache Web服务器，PHP和LibreNMS所需的扩展。

yum install @httpd @php php-{cli,common,curl,gd,mbstring,mysqlnd,process,snmp,xml,zip}

启动 Apache 和 PHP FPM 服务。

systemctl enable --now php-fpm httpd

检查服务状态。

systemctl status php-fpm httpd
 
 ● php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
 Active: active (running) since Sat 2018-12-29 11:30:09 EAT; 9s ago
 Main PID: 353 (php-fpm)
 Status: "Ready to handle connections"
 Tasks: 6 (limit: 11510)
 Memory: 25.2M
 CGroup: /system.slice/php-fpm.service
 ├─353 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf)
 ├─359 php-fpm: pool www
 ├─360 php-fpm: pool www
 ├─361 php-fpm: pool www
 ├─362 php-fpm: pool www
 └─363 php-fpm: pool www
 Dec 29 11:30:09 rhel8.local systemd[1]: Starting The PHP FastCGI Process Manager…
 Dec 29 11:30:09 rhel8.local systemd[1]: Started The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.
 ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
 Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.d
 └─php-fpm.conf
 Active: active (running) since Sat 2018-12-29 11:30:10 EAT; 8s ago
 Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
 Main PID: 365 (httpd)
 Status: "Started, listening on: port 443, port 80"
 Tasks: 213 (limit: 11510)
 Memory: 33.4M
 CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
 ├─365 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
 ├─367 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
 ├─368 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
 ├─369 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
 └─370 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
 Dec 29 11:30:10 rhel8.local systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server…
 Dec 29 11:30:10 rhel8.local httpd[365]: Server configured, listening on: port 443, port 80
 Dec 29 11:30:10 rhel8.local systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.

验证 PHP 版本和加载的模块。

php -v
    PHP 7.2.24 (cli) (built: Oct 22 2019 08:28:36) ( NTS )
    Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
    Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
    
    php -m

在文件中设置 PHP 时区。`/etc/php.ini`

grep date.timezone /etc/php.ini
    
    date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai

允许防火墙上的 http 和 https 端口。

firewall-cmd --add-service={http,https} --permanent
    firewall-cmd --reload

裁判：

[如何在RHEL 8上安装带有mod\_ssl和mod\_http2的Apache][RHEL 8_mod_ssl_mod_http2_Apache]

[如何在RHEL / CentOS 8上安装PHP][RHEL _ CentOS 8_PHP]

### 步骤 3：安装和配置数据库服务器 ###

使用以下指南在RHEL / CentOS 8上安装MariaDB数据库服务器。

您可以选择使用MySQL或MariaDB数据库服务器。如果您没有安装任何一个，下面的指南应该会有所帮助。

[如何在RHEL 8 / CentOS 8上安装MariaDB][RHEL 8 _ CentOS 8_MariaDB]

[如何在RHEL 8 / CentOS 8上安装MySQL 8.0][RHEL 8 _ CentOS 8_MySQL 8.0]

安装数据库服务器后，为 LibreNMS 监控工具创建数据库和用户。

mysql -u root -p
    CREATE DATABASE librenms CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;
    CREATE USER 'librenms'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'StrongDBPassword';
    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON librenms.* TO 'librenms'@'localhost';
    FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
    exit

编辑文件并在该部分中添加以下行：`my.cnf``[mysqld]`

vi /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf

在该部分中，请添加：`[mysqld]`

innodb_file_per_table=1
    lower_case_table_names=0

重新启动 mariadb 服务

systemctl enable mysqld
    systemctl restart mysqld

服务状态应显示"正在运行"。

systemctl status mysqld
    
    ● mysqld.service - MySQL 8.0 database server
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: active (running) since Sat 2021-12-18 01:40:53 EST; 37s ago
      Process: 36068 ExecStopPost=/usr/libexec/mysql-wait-stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
      Process: 36202 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/mysql-check-upgrade (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
      Process: 36119 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysql-prepare-db-dir mysqld.service (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
      Process: 36095 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysql-check-socket (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
     Main PID: 36156 (mysqld)
       Status: "Server is operational"
        Tasks: 38 (limit: 23373)
       Memory: 357.4M
       CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
               mq36156 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr
    
    12月 18 01:40:52 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: mysqld.service: Succeeded.
    12月 18 01:40:52 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped MySQL 8.0 database server.
    12月 18 01:40:52 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL 8.0 database server...
    12月 18 01:40:53 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL 8.0 database server.

### 第4步：在RHEL / CentOS 8上安装和配置LibreNMS ###

添加 librenms 用户

useradd librenms -d /opt/librenms -M -r
    usermod -a -G librenms apache

来自Github的Clone LibreNMS项目

cd /opt
    git clone https://github.com/librenms/librenms.git
    chown librenms:librenms -R /opt/librenms

安装 PHP 依赖项

su - librenms
    ./scripts/composer_wrapper.php install --no-dev

成功安装的输出应类似于以下内容：

![librenms install php dependencies][]

复制并配置 SNMP 配置模板：

cp /opt/librenms/snmpd.conf.example /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
    vi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

通过替换来设置社区字符串`RANDOMSTRINGGOESHERE`

com2sec readonly  default  MyInternalNetwork

下载分发版本标识符脚本

curl -o /usr/bin/distro https://raw.githubusercontent.com/librenms/librenms-agent/master/snmp/distro
    chmod +x /usr/bin/distro

然后启动并启用服务`snmpd`

systemctl enable snmpd
    systemctl restart snmpd
    systemctl status snmpd

#### 配置 Apache ####

为 LibreNMS 创建一个新的 Apache 配置文件。

vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/librenms.conf

添加以下配置，根据需要进行编辑：`ServerName`

<VirtualHost *:80>
 DocumentRoot /opt/librenms/html/
 ServerName librenms.example.com
 
 AllowEncodedSlashes NoDecode
 <Directory "/opt/librenms/html/">
 Require all granted
 AllowOverride All
 Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews
 </Directory>
 </VirtualHost>

配置 SELinux 策略

允许 Apache 在 上提供文件`/opt/librenms/html/`

semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t '/opt/librenms/logs(/.*)?'
    semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/opt/librenms/logs(/.*)?'
    restorecon -RFvv /opt/librenms/logs/
    semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t '/opt/librenms/rrd(/.*)?'
    semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/opt/librenms/rrd(/.*)?'
    restorecon -RFvv /opt/librenms/rrd/
    semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t '/opt/librenms/storage(/.*)?'
    semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/opt/librenms/storage(/.*)?'
    restorecon -RFvv /opt/librenms/storage/
    semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t '/opt/librenms/bootstrap/cache(/.*)?'
    semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/opt/librenms/bootstrap/cache(/.*)?'
    restorecon -RFvv /opt/librenms/bootstrap/cache/
    setsebool -P httpd_can_sendmail=1

允许平

使用以下内容创建文件。`http_fping.tt`

module http_fping 1.0;
    
    require {
    type httpd_t;
    class capability net_raw;
    class rawip_socket { getopt create setopt write read };
    }
    
    #============= httpd_t ==============
    allow httpd_t self:capability net_raw;
    allow httpd_t self:rawip_socket { getopt create setopt write read };

然后运行这些命令

checkmodule -M -m -o http_fping.mod http_fping.tt
    semodule_package -o http_fping.pp -m http_fping.mod
    semodule -i http_fping.pp

如果一切正常，请重新启动 httpd 服务

systemctl restart httpd

配置 cron 作业

cp /opt/librenms/librenms.nonroot.cron /etc/cron.d/librenms

复制日志旋转配置

LibreNMS 将日志保存在 .随着时间的推移，它们会变大并旋转出来。`/opt/librenms/logs`

要轮换旧日志，您可以使用提供的 logrotate 配置文件：

cp /opt/librenms/misc/librenms.logrotate /etc/logrotate.d/librenms

设置适当的权限

chown -R librenms:librenms /opt/librenms
    setfacl -d -m g::rwx /opt/librenms/logs
    setfacl -d -m g::rwx /opt/librenms/rrd /opt/librenms/logs /opt/librenms/bootstrap/cache/ /opt/librenms/storage/
    setfacl -R -m g::rwx /opt/librenms/rrd /opt/librenms/logs /opt/librenms/bootstrap/cache/ /opt/librenms/storage/

#### 启动 LibreNMS Web Installer ####

在 Web 浏览器上打开[http://librenms.example.com/install.php][http_librenms.example.com_install.php]以完成安装。

![watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16][]确认所有通过，然后单击"下一阶段"`Pre-Install Checks`

`2.`按照之前创建的配置数据库凭据。它将开始导入数据库架构并填充数据。

![watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 1][]如果导入成功，您应该会收到如下消息。

![watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 2][]

`3.`在下一页上，系统将要求你配置管理员用户帐户。

![watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 3][]`4.`接下来是配置文件的生成，如果创建失败，您可能需要使用给定的内容手动创建文件。文件路径应为`/opt/librenms/config.php`

![watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 4][]

**/opt/librenms/.env**

APP_KEY=base64:Z51B/JxHT+PjQ7fXqphkBF6aogGXueZsBM3Et7Wcdw0=
    
    DB_HOST=localhost
    DB_DATABASE=librenms
    DB_USERNAME=librenms
    DB_PASSWORD=StrongDBPassword
    
    #APP_URL=
    NODE_ID=61bd87a183b4f
    VAPID_PUBLIC_KEY=BBuOQggcYIK8TdlY4BmGHkelGocw7N9MbR46pl7sLySdvrevGqqejJIn1W3nyTr4lmG-xAtB2T9xNLVg4REkFJs
    VAPID_PRIVATE_KEY=nnPs-5tEX-doyQTF8qsaXvNx9NRz5qaoPvdK025ozC4

将文件的所有权更改为 librenms 用户：

sudo chown librenms:librenms /opt/librenms/config.php

`5.`单击**"完成安装**"按钮以完成LibreNMS安装。您应该会看到一个管理员登录页面。登录并选择`Validate Installation`

![watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 5][]LibreNMS 仪表板应如下所示。

![watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 6][]阅读[LibreNMS 文档][LibreNMS]，了解高级设置和配置。

以librenms用户运行validate.php验证配置，并修复问题。

# su - librenms

[librenms@bogon ~]$ ./validate.php

# pip3 install python-dotenv

# pip3 install -r /opt/librenms/requirements.txt

![watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 7][]

![watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 8][]

[NfSen]: http://nfsen.sourceforge.net/
[Link 1]: https://collectd.org/
[Link 2]: http://oss.oetiker.ch/smokeping/
[RANCID]: http://www.shrubbery.net/rancid/
[Link 3]: https://github.com/ytti/oxidized/
[RHEL _ CentOS 8 _ EPEL]: https://computingforgeeks.com/how-to-install-epel-repository-on-rhel-8-centos-8/
[RHEL 8_mod_ssl_mod_http2_Apache]: https://computingforgeeks.com/install-apache-with-ssl-http2-on-rhel-centos/
[RHEL _ CentOS 8_PHP]: https://computingforgeeks.com/how-to-install-php-7-2-7-1-on-rhel-8/
[RHEL 8 _ CentOS 8_MariaDB]: https://computingforgeeks.com/how-to-install-mariadb-database-server-on-rhel-8/
[RHEL 8 _ CentOS 8_MySQL 8.0]: https://computingforgeeks.com/how-to-install-mysql-8-0-on-rhel-8/
[librenms install php dependencies]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/2bf33a577e4441a7e852b1007a8de210.png
[http_librenms.example.com_install.php]: https://computingforgeeks.com/
[watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/d3c1fd803db64efeafb9cb6ad167b487.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg==,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16
[watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/d6f65956844348f8a6223c2ba052612b.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg==,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16
[watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/53fb140e98694c44b8cd333f7dda0c03.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg==,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16
[watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/b0903bba8b674750a943bf8883037aaf.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg==,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16
[watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/d52f5bac0e7f4c8183bb180950be9cae.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg==,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16
[watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 5]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/0dbfae487f36423498db1bd9c7e7ff41.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg==,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16
[watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 6]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/fadd47b1cc4044b3b32feb5970d188f2.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg==,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16
[LibreNMS]: https://docs.librenms.org/
[watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 7]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/68ceba9240fa4d9489fb40e0e521184c.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg==,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16
[watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 8]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/dd594dac423b45098c1468601f3beae1.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBAYWxsd2F5Mg==,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16