C++实验三：类的多态性的实现——工资报表

刺骨的言语ヽ痛彻心扉 2023-10-01 12:51 3阅读 0赞

### 一、实验目的 ###

1.理解重载运算符的意义。

2.掌握使用成员函数、友员函数重载运算符的特点。

3.掌握重载运算符函数的调用方法。

4.掌握动态联编的概念。

5.掌握虚函数和纯虚函数的使用方法。

### 二、实验原理介绍 ###

设计性实验

具体原理请见实验内容和步骤

实现对抽象类的继承，通过operator函数调用的形式,实现运算符的重载

### 三、实验设备介绍 ###

软件需求: 支持C++程序编辑、编译和运行的软件

硬件需求: 处理器i3、内存2G以上计算机一台。

### 四、实验内容 ###

某公司的员工有经理Manager、技术人员Technicist和营销人员SalsePerson，他们的薪金计算方法如下：

经理按月计酬，方法是：基本工资\+奖金；技术人员按月计酬，方法是：基本工资；营销人员按月计酬，方法是：基本工资\+销售利润\*5%。其中基本工资为8000元再加上工龄工资。工龄工资就是雇员在该公司工作的工龄每增加一年，月工资就增加200元。

每类人员都有职工编号、姓名、性别、入职时间、职位、基本工资等数据；各类人员使用统一接口get\_pay()计算各类人员的月薪，重载<<运算符实现员工信息的输出。其次，设计一个统计并输出该公司员工当月薪金情况的报表类Report，该类提供insert接口向Report类的容器中添加员工信息，并提供print接口用于展示以职位为单位的每个员工的职工编号、姓名、性别、入职时间以及当月该员工的薪酬，并统计出该职位员工薪酬的最高值和最低值。为了提供更方便的查找功能，请为Report类重载\[\]运算符，下标值为职位，能根据职位信息查找出所有符合该职位的员工。在主函数中对实现的类进行测试，首先，创建各类人员对象，通过Report类的insert接口向报表中添加这些人员信息，然后通过Report类的print接口输出当月员工薪酬情况报表并将报表写入文件中，文件以当天日期作为文件名。存储员工对象的容器请选用合适的STL容器。

### 五 、程序清单 ###

//date.h:
    #pragma once
    #include <iostream>
    #include<cstdlib>
    #include<string>
    #include<cstdio>
    #include<ctime>
    using namespace std;
    class CDate {
    private:
    	int d, m, y;
    	static const string df_s;
    	static const string df_l;
    	static CDate* default_date;
    public:
    	CDate(int dd, int mm, int yy);
    	CDate();
    	void add_year(int n);
    	void add_month(int n);
    	void add_day(int n);
    	string format(string df);
    	int get_day() const;
    	int get_month() const;
    	int get_year() const;
    	static void set_default(int, int, int);
    	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, CDate d);
    };

//date.cpp:
    #include "date.h"
    #pragma warning( disable : 4996 )
    CDate::CDate(int dd, int mm, int yy)    //初始化
    {
        if ((mm >= 1 && mm <= 12) && (dd >= 1 && dd <= 31))
        {
            m = mm; d = dd; y = yy;
        }
        else {
            m = 0; d = 0; y = 0;
            cout << "the date created is wrong" << endl;
        }
    }
    CDate::CDate()     //初始化
    {
        if (default_date != 0) {
            d = default_date->d;
            m = default_date->m;
            y = default_date->y;
        }
        else
        {
            time_t now;
            time(&now);
            struct tm* t_now;
            t_now = localtime(&now);
            y = t_now->tm_year + 1900;
            m = t_now->tm_mon + 1;
            d = t_now->tm_mday;
        }
    }
    void CDate::add_year(int n)               //加n年
    {
        y += n;
    }
    void CDate::add_month(int n)              //加n月
    {
        m += n;
    }
    void CDate::add_day(int n)                //加n天
    {
        d += n;
    }
    string CDate::format(string df)
    {
        char c_df[20];
        if (df == df_s)
        {
            sprintf(c_df, "%d-%d-%d", y, m, d);
            return string(c_df);
        }
        if (df == df_l)
        {
            sprintf(c_df, "%d年%d月%d日", y, m, d);
            return string(c_df);
        }
        return string("");
    }
    int CDate::get_year() const
    {
        return y;
    }
    int CDate::get_month() const
    {
        return m;
    }
    int CDate::get_day() const
    {
        return d;
    }
    CDate* CDate::default_date = 0;
    const string CDate::df_s = "ddd";
    const string CDate::df_l = "DDD";
    void CDate::set_default(int d, int m, int y) {
        CDate::default_date = new CDate(d, m, y);
    }
    ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, CDate d)
    {
        os << d.format("DDD");
        return os;
    }

//Employee.h:
    #ifndef CLASS_H_INCLUDED
    #define CLASS_H_INCLUDED  
    #include<windows.h>
    #include<iostream>
    #include<string>
    #include<list>
    #include<vector>
    #include<map>
    #include "date.h"
    using namespace std;
    class Employee {
    protected:
        string name;
        string ID;
        string sex;
        string job;
        CDate date;
        double basicmoney;
    public:
        Employee(string ID, string name, string sex, CDate date, string job, double basicmoney);
        string getjob() { return job; }
        string getname() { return name; }
        string getID() { return ID; }
        string getsex() { return sex; }
        double getbasicmoney() { return basicmoney; }
        CDate getdate() { return date; }
        virtual double getpay(int m) = 0;
    };
    class Manager :public Employee {
    private:
        map<int, int> price;
    public:
        Manager(string ID, string name, string sex, CDate date, string job, double basicmoney, map<int, int>price) :Employee(ID, name, sex, date, job, basicmoney) {
            this->price = price;
        }
        double getpay(int m);
    };
    class Technicist :public Employee {
    public:
        Technicist(string ID, string name, string sex, CDate date, string job, double basicmoney) :Employee(ID, name, sex, date, job, basicmoney) {}
        double getpay(int m);
    };
    class SalesPerson :public Employee {
    private:
        map<int, int> sales;
    public:
        SalesPerson(string ID, string name, string sex, CDate date, string job, double basicmoney, map<int, int>sales) :Employee(ID, name, sex, date, job, basicmoney) {
            this->sales = sales;
        }
        double getpay(int m);
    };
    #endif

//Employee.cpp: 
    #include "Employee.h"
    #include <iostream>
    #include <algorithm>
    using namespace std;  
    Employee::Employee(string ID, string name, string sex, CDate date, string job, double basicmoney) {
    this->ID = ID;  
    this->name = name; 
        this->sex = sex; 
        this->date = date;
        this->basicmoney = basicmoney; 
        this->job = job;
    }
    double Manager::getpay(int m) {
        return price[m] + basicmoney;
    }
    double Technicist::getpay(int m) {
        return basicmoney;
    }
    double SalesPerson::getpay(int m) {
        return basicmoney + sales[m] * 0.05;
    }

//Report.h:
    #include "Employee.h"
    class Report {
    private:
        list <Employee*> members;
        list <Employee*> operator[](string job);
        double min_pay(list<Employee*> emp_list, int month);
        double max_pay(list<Employee*> emp_list, int month);
        void print(list<Employee*> emp_list, int month);
    public:
        ~Report();
        void insert(Employee* p);
        void print(int n);
    };

//Report.cpp:
    #include "Employee.h"
    #include "Report.h"
    #include <algorithm>
    list <Employee*> Report::operator[](string job) {
        list<Employee*> cp;
        list<Employee*>::iterator it;
        for (it = members.begin(); it != members.end(); it++) {
            if ((*it)->getjob() == job)
                cp.push_back(*it);
        }
        return cp;
    }
    void Report::print(int month) {
        cout << "                   第" << month << "月职工收入报表" << endl;
        cout << "---------------------------------------------------" << endl;
        cout << "职位：技术" << endl;
        cout << "工号\t" << "姓名\t" << "性别\t" << "入职时间\t" << "收入" << endl;
        list<Employee*> emp_ls;
        emp_ls = (*this)["技术"];
        print(emp_ls, month);
        cout << "最低薪酬：" << min_pay(emp_ls, month) << endl;
        cout << "最高薪酬：" << max_pay(emp_ls, month) << endl;
        cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;
        cout << "职位：经理" << endl;
        cout << "工号\t" << "姓名\t" << "性别\t" << "入职时间\t" << "收入" << endl;
        emp_ls = (*this)["经理"];
        print(emp_ls, month);
        cout << "最低薪酬：" << min_pay(emp_ls, month) << endl;
        cout << "最高薪酬：" << max_pay(emp_ls, month) << endl;
        cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;
        cout << "职位：销售" << endl;
        cout << "工号\t" << "姓名\t" << "性别\t" << "入职时间\t" << "收入" << endl;
        emp_ls = (*this)["销售"];
        print(emp_ls, month);
        cout << "最低薪酬：" << min_pay(emp_ls, month) << endl;
        cout << "最高薪酬：" << max_pay(emp_ls, month) << endl;
        cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;
    }
    double Report::min_pay(list<Employee*> emp_list, int month) {
        vector<double> pay;
        list<Employee*>::iterator it;
        for (it = emp_list.begin(); it != emp_list.end(); it++) {
            pay.push_back((*it)->getpay(month));
        }
        return *min_element(pay.begin(), pay.end());
    }
    double Report::max_pay(list<Employee*> emp_list, int month) {
        vector<double> pay;
        list<Employee*>::iterator it;
        for (it = emp_list.begin(); it != emp_list.end(); it++) {
            pay.push_back((*it)->getpay(month));
        }
        return *max_element(pay.begin(), pay.end());
    }
    void Report::print(list<Employee*> emp_list, int month) {
        list<Employee*>::iterator it;
        for (it = emp_list.begin(); it != emp_list.end(); it++) {
            cout << (*it)->getID() << "\t" << (*it)->getname() << "\t";
            cout << (*it)->getsex() << "\t";
            cout << (*it)->getdate().format("ddd") << "\t";
            cout << (*it)->getpay(month) << endl;
        }
    }
    void Report::insert(Employee* p) {
        members.push_back(p);
    }
    Report::~Report() {
        list<Employee*>::iterator it;
        for (it = members.begin(); it != members.end(); it++) {
            delete* it;
        }
    }

//Main.cpp:
    #include <iostream>
    #include "Employee.h"
    #include<map> 
    #include "Report.h"
    int main() {
        while (1) {
            cout << "请输入生成报表的月份" << endl
                 << "退出请输入0" << endl;
            int month;
            cin >> month;
            if (month <= 0 || month > 12)exit(0);
            Report report;
            report.insert(new Technicist("0003", "朱黎明", "女", CDate(11, 8, 2001), "技术", 14000));
            report.insert(new Technicist("0004", "刘改云", "女", CDate(8, 7, 2003), "技术", 11500));
            report.insert(new Technicist("0008", "田静", "女", CDate(6, 7, 2014), "技术", 6000));
            report.insert(new Technicist("00010", "许州", "男", CDate(27, 7, 2012), "技术", 8200));
            map<int, int> b;
            b[1] = 1000; b[2] = 2000; b[3] = 1000; b[4] = 1000; b[5] = 2000; b[6] = 1000;
            b[7] = 1000; b[8] = 2000; b[9] = 1000; b[10] = 1000; b[11] = 2000; b[12] = 1000;
            report.insert(new Manager("0001", "王华", "女", CDate(2, 4, 2011), "经理", 7000, b));
            b[1] = 500; b[2] = 1000; b[3] = 1000; b[4] = 1000; b[5] = 2000; b[6] = 1000;
            b[7] = 5000; b[8] = 2000; b[9] = 2000; b[10] = 1000; b[11] = 1000; b[12] = 1000;
            report.insert(new Manager("0002", "李明", "男", CDate(4, 10, 2009), "经理", 9000, b));
            b[1] = 1000; b[2] = 0; b[3] = 3000; b[4] = 1000; b[5] = 2000; b[6] = 1000;
            b[7] = 1000; b[8] = 2000; b[9] = 1000; b[10] = 1000; b[11] = 5000; b[12] = 1000;
            report.insert(new Manager("0006", "刘向阳", "男", CDate(1, 11, 2010), "经理", 5000, b));
            b[1] = 2000; b[2] = 2000; b[3] = 1000; b[4] = 1000; b[5] = 500; b[6] = 1000;
            b[7] = 2000; b[8] = 1000; b[9] = 5000; b[10] = 1000; b[11] = 500; b[12] = 1000;
            report.insert(new Manager("0009", "王浩", "女", CDate(10, 2, 2008), "经理", 10000, b));
            map<int, int> sales;
            sales[1] = 200000; sales[2] = 100000; sales[3] = 500000; sales[4] = 200000; sales[5] = 100000; sales[6] = 500000;
            sales[7] = 200000; sales[8] = 100000; sales[9] = 500000; sales[10] = 200000; sales[11] = 100000; sales[12] = 500000;
            report.insert(new SalesPerson("0005", "李志武", "女", CDate(10, 11, 2007), "销售", 5000, sales));
            sales[1] = 100000; sales[2] = 100000; sales[3] = 400000; sales[4] = 200000; sales[5] = 200000; sales[6] = 100000;
            sales[7] = 200000; sales[8] = 100000; sales[9] = 200000; sales[10] = 200000; sales[11] = 400000; sales[12] = 500000;
            report.insert(new SalesPerson("0007", "徐立春", "男", CDate(3, 9, 2010), "销售", 5000, sales));
            sales[1] = 200000; sales[2] = 0; sales[3] = 500000; sales[4] = 200000; sales[5] = 100000; sales[6] = 500000;
            sales[7] = 100000; sales[8] = 400000; sales[9] = 400000; sales[10] = 200000; sales[11] = 500000; sales[12] = 200000;
            report.insert(new SalesPerson("00011", "方雪婷", "女", CDate(3, 9, 2015), "销售", 3000, sales));
            report.print(month);
            
        }
        return 0;
    }

### 六 、运行结果 ###

将想要得到工资报表的月份输入，输入1会得到1月份的员工收入报表，然后输入2，也将会得到2月份的员工收入报表，只有输入0才会退出程序。

![watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bmz5p2o54yq_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16][]

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### 七 、实验总结 ###

本次实验知识涉及范围广，通过编写程序做实验的学习，我了解了STL容器的运用，也充分学到了继承和重载的知识，重载运算符，与成员函数、友员函数重载运算符的使用，以及虚函数和纯虚函数的使用方法，编写程序虽然困难，但最终也是逐一解决。所以本次实验学习到了很多知识，收益很多。

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[watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bmz5p2o54yq_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/9f04e9406569488fbdb79ce8b44a4470.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBA5bmz5p2o54yq,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16