过滤器&监听器

古城微笑少年丶 2023-10-02 19:21 2阅读 0赞

## 过滤器 ##

### java web的三种组件 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][046f6b8c3baf4805813b48acc4127c9b.png]

### 过滤器的基本概念 ###

#### 过滤器介绍 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][713f071407384ad2ae0f8fef3418d35f.png]  
过滤器检查是否带红包,带红包方可进场参加婚礼,否则禁止入内

#### 过滤器使用场景 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][1aec9480b9604132b12a5b409aff4f68.png]

### 编写第一个过滤器 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][dcd41c9b7b6d48618e06e9775babd45b.png]  
**Demo1Filter**

package com.itheima.filter;
    
    import javax.servlet.*;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * 开发过滤器步骤:
     * 1.编写一个类实现javax.servlet.Filter接口
     * 2.重写接口中的所有方法,其中doFilter就是过滤方法
     * 3.通过xml或注解@WebFilter进行配置
     */
    @WebFilter("/demo1")    //demo1不是访问地址而是拦截地址,如果访问的资源经过demo1,那么就进行过滤
    public class Demo1Filter implements Filter {
        
    
        @Override
        public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        
    
        }
    
        /**
         *
         * @param req 请求对象 ServletRequest 是HttpServletRequest的父接口
         * @param resp 响应对象 ServletRequest 是HttpServletRequest的父接口
         * 在 tomcat里面,请求和响应生成的就是同一个对象
         * @param chain 过滤器链 放行或拦截
         */
        @Override
        public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        
            System.out.println("过滤器请求时候执行");
            chain.doFilter(req,resp);
            System.out.println("过滤器响应时候执行");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void destroy() {
        
    
        }
    }

**Demo1Servlet**

package com.itheima.servlet;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    
    @WebServlet("/demo1")
    public class Demo1Servlet extends HttpServlet {
        
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
            //1.设置响应类型和编码
            response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
            //2.获取打印流
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
            //在浏览器输出
            out.println("到达web资源,访问servlet");
    
            //同时也在服务器的控制台输出
            System.out.println("到达web资源,访问servlet");
    
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
            this.doPost(request, response);
    
        }
    }

服务器端&浏览器端输出结果  
![在这里插入图片描述][7cf3392866964286836d682e097f84ce.png]

### 过滤器的执行流程 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][5b6a980dc8a849f1a856c4caf50becee.png]

### 过滤器的生命周期 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][83cf31d887d547a2a63090f364275bbb.png]  
Servlet是在用户第一次访问的时候创建  
过滤器实在服务器启动时候创建  
例如:上学路口拦妹子

### FilterConfig接口 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][84a2ac2c49be402dac0721de00eacb7c.png]

#### 案例练习 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][efb2552467ff4cd89d67f07c52b73075.png]

package com.itheima.filter;
    
    import javax.servlet.*;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.Enumeration;
    
    
    public class Demo2ConfigFilter implements Filter {
        
        /**
         * 如果要读取xml的配置文件的信息,要是用FilterConfig接口中的方法
         * 前提:要是用xml的配置方式,而不是注解
         * @param config
         * @throws ServletException
         */
        public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
        
            //读取init-param的参数名和参数值
            //通过名字获取一个值
            String encoding = config.getInitParameter("encoding");
            System.out.println("编码是:"+encoding);
            //获取所有参数的名字
            Enumeration<String> parameterNames = config.getInitParameterNames();
            //遍历所有的参数名字
            while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
        
                //获取参数名
                String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
                //获取值
                String value = config.getInitParameter(name);
                //打印
                System.out.println("参数名:"+name+",值是:"+value);
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
            System.out.println("过滤器请求时候执行");
            chain.doFilter(request, response);
            System.out.println("过滤器响应时候执行");
        }
    
        public void destroy() {
        
    
        }
    }

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
             version="4.0">
        
        <filter>
            
            <filter-name>demo2</filter-name>
            
            <filter-class>com.itheima.filter.Demo2ConfigFilter</filter-class>
    
            <init-param>
                <param-name>encoding</param-name>
                <param-value>GBK</param-value>
            </init-param>
            <init-param>
                <param-name>country</param-name>
                <param-value>China</param-value>
            </init-param>
        </filter>
    
    
    
        
        <filter-mapping>
            
            <filter-name>demo2</filter-name>
            
            <url-pattern>/demo1</url-pattern>
        </filter-mapping>
    </web-app>

### 映射的访问路径 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][3d48126387fa48c49987bd6bd8dcb9d4.png]

/**
     * 匹配路径
     * 1.精确匹配:过滤地址与资源地址完全相同:@WebFilter("/demo1")
     * 2.目录匹配:过滤某个路径下的所有资源:@WebFilter("/demo1/*")
     * 3.过滤所有地址:@WebFilter("/*")
     * 4.扩展名匹配:过滤某一类资源:@WebFilter("*.do")
     * 5.如果同时出现以/开头和以扩展名结尾,并且有通配符的路径,会出现异常:@WebFilter("/*.do")
     *   如果没有通配符的情况下是可以的:@WebFilter("/index.jsp")
     *
     * 匹配多个路径:路径是一个字符串的数组,所以可以同时指定多个路径
     * 注解的属性:
     *      value:可以省略:    @WebFilter(value={"/demo1","/demo2"})
     *      urlPatterns:与value的功能是一样的:URLPatterns={"/demo1","/demo2"}
     *      filterName:过滤器的名字,不能出现相同的名字
     */

### 三种拦截方式 ###

#### 过滤器的拦截行为 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][a95d551221ad47acbedc399aaf5095aa.png]

#### 过滤多个地址 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][3878f91ffdc44a2181d964b2e92101b9.png]

匹配多个路径:路径是一个字符串的数组,所以可以同时指定多个路径

*  注解的属性:
 *      value:可以省略:    @WebFilter(value={"/demo1","/demo2"})
 *      urlPatterns:与value的功能是一样的:URLPatterns={"/demo1","/demo2"}
 *      filterName:过滤器的名字,不能出现相同的名字
 *      1.DispatcherType.FORWARD 拦截服务器的转发
 *      dispatcherTypes = DispatcherType.FORWARD
 *      2.DispatcherType.REQUEST 拦截浏览器的请求和服务器的转发
 *      dispatcherTypes = {DispatcherType.FORWARD,DispatcherType.REQUEST}
 *      3.DispatcherType.INCLUDE 拦截服务器的包含

#### 注解的方式拦截 ####

*  filterName:过滤器的名字,不能出现相同的名字
 *      1.DispatcherType.FORWARD 拦截服务器的转发
 *      dispatcherTypes = DispatcherType.FORWARD
 *      2.DispatcherType.REQUEST 拦截浏览器的请求和服务器的转发
 *      dispatcherTypes = {DispatcherType.FORWARD,DispatcherType.REQUEST}
 *      3.DispatcherType.INCLUDE 拦截服务器的包含

#### 配置方式拦截 ####

<filter-mapping>
        
        <filter-name>demo2</filter-name>
        
        <url-pattern>/demo1</url-pattern>
        
        <dispatcher>INCLUDE</dispatcher>
        <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>
        <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
    </filter-mapping>

![在这里插入图片描述][cafb35a850e54bf1a5c6ad0e59365b8f.png]

### 过滤器案例 ###

#### 使用过滤器过滤全局汉字乱码的问题 ####

![9dfc672ef65e455fadfb9d1b5604e107.png][]  
**login.html**

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>登录 </title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <form action="login" method="post">
      登录名:<input type="text" name="user"><br/>
      <input type="submit" value="登录">
    </form>
    </body>
    </html>

**register.html**

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>用户注册</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h2>用户注册</h2>
    <form action="register" method="post">
      注册名:<input type="text" name="name">
      <input type="submit" value="注册">
    </form>
    </body>
    </html>

**CharacterEncodingFilter**

package com.itheima.servlet;
    
    import javax.servlet.*;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    @WebFilter(filterName = "CharacterEncodingFilter", urlPatterns = "/*")
    public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
        
        public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
        
        }
    
        @Override
        public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
            //指定编码utf-8
            request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
            //必须放行
            chain.doFilter(request, response);
        }
    
        public void destroy() {
        
        }
    }

**LoginServlet**

package com.itheima.servlet;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    
    @WebServlet("/login")
    public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
        
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
            //获取用户提交的参数
            String user =request.getParameter("user");
            //1.设置响应类型和编码
            response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
            //2.获取打印流
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
            out.println("登录成功,用户名是:"+user);
    
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
            this.doPost(request, response);
    
        }
    }

**RegisterServlet**

package com.itheima.servlet;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    
    @WebServlet("/register")
    public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
        
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
            //获取用户提交的参数
            String name =request.getParameter("name");
            //1.设置响应类型和编码
            response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
            //2.获取打印流
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
            out.println("注册成功:"+name);
    
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
            this.doPost(request, response);
    
        }
    }

#### 用户权限的过滤 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][523dc0d6234246c4935ece4109774fed.png]

##### 分析 #####

![在这里插入图片描述][2da9350293244387a01cbc1bb89d323e.png]  
项目布局  
![在这里插入图片描述][43524bfabf1f4d7a834a09275515a5e2.png]  
login.jsp(登录页面)

<%--
      Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
      User: Administrator
      Date: 2022-05-10
      Time: 0:06
      To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
    --%>
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>用户登录</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <form action="login" method="post">
        用户名:<input type="text" name="user"><br/>
        密码:<input type="text" name="pass"><br/>
        <input type="submit" value="登录">${msg}
    </form>
    </body>
    </html>

LoginServlet

package com.itheima.controller;
    
    import javax.servlet.*;
    import javax.servlet.http.*;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    @WebServlet("/login")
    public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
        
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
            //获取用户输入的账户和密码
            String user = request.getParameter("user");
            String pass = request.getParameter("pass");
            //判断账户密码是否正确
            if("NewBoy".equals(user)&&"1234".equals(pass)){
        
                //密码正确,创建会话域
                HttpSession session = request.getSession();
                //创建会话域对象
                session.setAttribute("user",user);
                //重定向到添加页面
                response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/admin/add.jsp");
    
            }else {
        
                //密码不正确,向请求域中存信息
                request.setAttribute("msg","账户或者密码错误");
                //转发到登录页面
                request.getRequestDispatcher(request.getContextPath()+"login.jsp").forward(request,response);
            }
    
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
            this.doPost(request, response);
    
        }
    }

list.jsp

<%--
      Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
      User: Administrator
      Date: 2022-05-10
      Time: 0:33
      To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
    --%>
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>显示用户列表</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h2>显示用户列表</h2>
    登录或者未登录都可以访问
    </body>
    </html>

add.jsp

<%--
      Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
      User: Administrator
      Date: 2022-05-10
      Time: 0:15
      To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
    --%>
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>添加</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>添加用户</h1>
    必须登录后才可以访问
    <a href="logout.jsp">退出</a>
    </body>
    </html>

update.jsp

<%--
      Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
      User: Administrator
      Date: 2022-05-10
      Time: 0:16
      To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
    --%>
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>修改</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h2>修改用户</h2>
    必须登录后才可以访问
    </body>
    </html>

logout.jsp

<%--
      Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
      User: Administrator
      Date: 2022-05-10
      Time: 0:36
      To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
    --%>
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>退出</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <%
        //销毁会话
        session.invalidate();
    %>
    <h2>您已成功退出</h2>
    <a href="../login.jsp">重新登陆</a>
    </body>
    </html>

#### 案例:过滤敏感词汇 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][9ddd83c1c76a4b5ea4190c53b83bf517.png]

![在这里插入图片描述][8db6effed9a64245a7a29690e86fcff9.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][e8bd2202864442628d50529a401fecca.png]

### 过滤链FilterChain的使用 ###

#### FilterChain介绍 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][8a9e0384a19740dca65beb19468af74f.png]

#### 案例:过滤器链 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][4deb6fbed45743a89a08967d08161f3b.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][2f7d2abeb66e45008068d8986691a4cc.png]

##### 注解的方式: #####

多个过滤器过滤同一个访问地址

![在这里插入图片描述][0752a38046a14e8b87ca1d59b403b2a9.png]

如果使用注解的方式配置过滤器,按类名的字母的顺序来确定先后顺序

##### 配置的方式 #####

多个过滤器过滤同一个访问地址  
![在这里插入图片描述][23205c4fd2684432b34e6a73b5cadf50.png]

按照配置文件的先后顺序来

#### 小结 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][75122e6806b7445bb3c1f06c8c49c577.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][d991c98604ab4c3ab94ecf2129952277.png]

## 监听器 ##

### 监听器的概述 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][403f76618eb542f98bfa2f80358d2e3a.png]

### ServletContextListener监听器 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][50df2ac358af492593ae29d0aa836c51.png]

#### 注解的方式创建上下文域监听器 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][b8214e0ef3d445e1a693ae331bd34319.png]

#### 配置的方式监听上下文域 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][f2b7a83195c343b7b55a050eaafb1692.png]  
只需要写类名即可

#### 区分使用 ####

总结写的类使用注解,引用第三方工具类的使用配置.

### ServletContextAttributeListener监听器 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][64edfc3b58ed4801b5295200f091f784.png]  
写的是修改前的数据  
![在这里插入图片描述][e21bbf30b1e04519971ac461937aed6a.png]

### 小结 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][c8c0464ec5dc48b095d0f38149515629.png]

### 案例:统计网站当前在线人数 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][6611407a8526403daab8b946a022b1c8.png]

#### 案例分析 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][9b5ad335d21b49e3bb660e7661fce3c8.png]  
CounterListener  
![在这里插入图片描述][e8d1f5dedff84a9eb2a5ec258d965385.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][dcfe57c298174b1785ad85f84ff941a4.png]  
count.jsp  
![在这里插入图片描述][366bf60cd62a4c638217b26d60738540.png]  
logout.jsp  
![在这里插入图片描述][0766fa23f5ff4c40a794758f8bdeba85.png]

## 总结 ##

### 能够说出过滤器的作用 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][b5f76d7f81934f9eb5188ecef29ae279.png]

### 能够编写过滤器 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][a2ece711d4d04e0cab720fdb143c38c1.png]

### 能够说出过滤器生命周期的相关方法 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][b0f90941ee9e481c891def55cca08ff9.png]

### 能够通过路径判断指定的过滤器是否起作用 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][2fe2ae9c4f9844638627ebfde40be7a8.png]

### 常用的拦截方式 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][47b3703413a74030b01b3cf571dbb144.png]

### 能够说出什么过滤器链 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][0e293becd3d84f4a96975e4d1d28c77c.png]

### 监听器 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][7fd21d108ff24337b486c89e669741ab.png]

[046f6b8c3baf4805813b48acc4127c9b.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/046f6b8c3baf4805813b48acc4127c9b.png
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