Go语言获取操作系统用户信息

桃扇骨 2023-10-03 10:06 20阅读 0赞

# `一、os包结构介绍` #

>  *  Go语言标准库中os包提供了不依赖平台的操作系统接口
>  *  设计为Unix风格的，而错误处理是go风格的,失败的调用会返回错误值而非错误码。通常错误值里包含更多信息
>  *  os包及子包功能

-- os 包
      --os/exec 包,负责执行外部命令.
      --os/signal对输入信息的访问
      --os/user 通过名称或ID	查询用户账户

> 在os/user中提供了User结构体,表示操作系统用户
> 
>  *  Uid 用户id
>  *  Gid 所属组id
>  *  Username 用户名
>  *  Name 所属组名
>  *  HomeDir 用户对应文件夹路径

// User represents a user account.
    type User struct {
        
    	// Uid is the user ID.
    	// On POSIX systems, this is a decimal number representing the uid.
    	// On Windows, this is a security identifier (SID) in a string format.
    	// On Plan 9, this is the contents of /dev/user.
    	Uid string
    	// Gid is the primary group ID.
    	// On POSIX systems, this is a decimal number representing the gid.
    	// On Windows, this is a SID in a string format.
    	// On Plan 9, this is the contents of /dev/user.
    	Gid string
    	// Username is the login name.
    	Username string
    	// Name is the user's real or display name.
    	// It might be blank.
    	// On POSIX systems, this is the first (or only) entry in the GECOS field
    	// list.
    	// On Windows, this is the user's display name.
    	// On Plan 9, this is the contents of /dev/user.
    	Name string
    	// HomeDir is the path to the user's home directory (if they have one).
    	HomeDir string
    }

> 在os/user中的Group表示用户所属组
> 
>  *  Gid 组的id
>  *  Name 组的名称

// Group represents a grouping of users.
    //
    // On POSIX systems Gid contains a decimal number representing the group ID.
    type Group struct {
        
    	Gid  string // group ID
    	Name string // group name
    }

> 整个os/user包中内容比较少,提供了两个错误类型和获取当前用户,查找用户

type UnknownUserError
      func (e UnknownUserError) Error() string
    type UnknownUserIdError
      func (e UnknownUserIdError) Error() string
    type User
      func Current() (*User, error)
      func Lookup(username string) (*User, error)
      func LookupId(uid string) (*User, error)

# `二、代码示例` #

> 可以获取当前用户或查找用户后获取用户信息

//获取当前登录用户
     //u,_:=user.Current()
     /*
     Lookup()参数是用户名,按照用户名查找指定用户对象
     注意:必须使用完整名称不可以只写zhang
      */
     u, _ := user.Lookup(`LAPTOP-M7D47U95\zhang`)
     fmt.Println(u.Name)
     fmt.Println(u.Gid)
     fmt.Println(u.HomeDir)
     fmt.Println(u.Uid)
     fmt.Println(u.Username)