JAVA WEB篇1——初识JAVAWEB

淩亂°似流年 2023-10-03 16:17 22阅读 0赞

## JAVA WEB篇1——初识JAVAWEB ##

JavaWeb主要指使用Java语言进行动态Web资源开发技术的统称，是解决相关Web互联网领域的技术总和

### 1、Http协议 ###

*  HTTP协议（HyperText Transfer Protocol，超文本传输协议）是由W3C（万维网联盟）组织制定 的一种应用层协议，是用来规范浏览器与Web服务器之间如何通讯的数据格式，主要涉及浏览器 的发请求格式和服务器的响应格式
 *  HTTP协议通常承载于TCP协议之上，而承载于TLS或SSL协议层之上的协议就是常说的HTTPS协 议
 *  HTTP默认的端口号为80，HTTPS默认的端口号为443

#### 1.1、Http请求格式 ####

请求行
    	请求类型 请求的路径 协议的版本(1.1)
    请求头
    	主机 请求长度 请求的浏览器相关信息
    空白行
    	（一个空行）
    请求体
    	也叫请求数据，可以添加任意的其他数据

POST /task01_demo01/demo1.html HTTP/1.1
    Host: localhost:8088
    Content-Length: 21
    Cache-Control: max-age=0
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64)
    name=scott&pwd=123456

#### 1.2、Http响应数据 ####

响应行
    	协议的版本(1.0 1.1) 状态码 (200 成功 404 路径错误 500 服务错误) 状态信息
    响应头
    	说明客户端要使用的一些附加信息，格式（key:value）
    空白行
    	（一个空行）
    响应体
    	服务器返回给客户端的文本信息

### 2、Tomcat ###

#### 2.1、下载 ####

[Tomcat官网https://tomcat.apache.org/download-90.cgi][Tomcat_https_tomcat.apache.org_download-90.cgi]

[Tomcat 百度云：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1iEEptTiPXPLls3wBpSUg1g][Tomcat _https_pan.baidu.com_s_1iEEptTiPXPLls3wBpSUg1g]提取码：gv2h

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

解压到想安装的目录

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

添加环境变量

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

添加CATALINA\_BASE变量

CATALINA_BASE
    D:\apache-tomcat-9.0.31

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

添加CATALINA\_HOME变量

CATALINA_HOME
    D:\apache-tomcat-9.0.31

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

添加到PATH变量

%CATALINA_HOME%\bin;%CATALINA_HOME%\lib

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

#### 2.2、卸载 ####

删除目录，变量即可

#### 2.3、启动 ####

双击运行即可

#### 2.4、问题 ####

##### 2.4.1、乱码 #####

打开配置文件

apache-tomcat-9.0.31\conf\logging.properties

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]

修改配置

# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    # contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    # this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    # The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    # (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    # the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    #
    #     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    #
    # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    # limitations under the License.
    
    handlers = 1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, 2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, 3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, 4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler
    
    .handlers = 1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler
    
    ############################################################
    # Handler specific properties.
    # Describes specific configuration info for Handlers.
    ############################################################
    
    1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = FINE
    1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
    1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.prefix = catalina.
    1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.encoding = UTF-8
    
    2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = FINE
    2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
    2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.prefix = localhost.
    2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.encoding = UTF-8
    
    3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = FINE
    3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
    3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.prefix = manager.
    3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.encoding = UTF-8
    
    4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = FINE
    4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
    4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.prefix = host-manager.
    4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.encoding = UTF-8
    
    java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.level = FINE
    java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.formatter = org.apache.juli.OneLineFormatter
    java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.encoding = GBK
    
    
    ############################################################
    # Facility specific properties.
    # Provides extra control for each logger.
    ############################################################
    
    org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].level = INFO
    org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].handlers = 2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler
    
    org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/manager].level = INFO
    org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/manager].handlers = 3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler
    
    org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/host-manager].level = INFO
    org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/host-manager].handlers = 4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler
    
    # For example, set the org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase logger to log
    # each component that extends LifecycleBase changing state:
    #org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.level = FINE
    
    # To see debug messages in TldLocationsCache, uncomment the following line:
    #org.apache.jasper.compiler.TldLocationsCache.level = FINE
    
    # To see debug messages for HTTP/2 handling, uncomment the following line:
    #org.apache.coyote.http2.level = FINE
    
    # To see debug messages for WebSocket handling, uncomment the following line:
    #org.apache.tomcat.websocket.level = FINE

##### 2.4.2、黑窗一闪而过 #####

没有正确配置JAVA\_HOME环境变量

#### 2.5、启动报错 ####

##### 2.5.1、暴力 #####

找到占用的端口号，并且找到对应的进程，杀死该进程

netstat -ano

##### 2.5.2、温柔：修改自身的端口号 #####

进入conf/server.xml

一般会将tomcat的默认端口号修改为80,80端口号是http协议的默认端口号,在访问时，就不用输入端口号

#### 2.6、配置项目 ####

##### 2.6.1、直接将项目放到webapps目录下即可。 #####

/hello：项目的访问路径–>虚拟目录

**简化部署：将项目打成一个war包，再将war包放置到webapps目录下，war包会自动解压缩**

##### 2.6.2、配置conf/server.xml文件 #####

在标签体中配置

```

docBase:项目存放的路径 path：虚拟目录 \`\`\`

##### 2.6.3、在conf\\Catalina\\localhost创建任意名称的xml文件。在文件中编写 #####

<Context docBase="D:\hello" />
    虚拟目录：xml文件的名称

### 3、IDEA集成Tomcat ###

#### 3.1、打开IDEA，run—>edit configurations ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]

#### 3.2、添加tomcat server ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]

#### 3.3、创建项目 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]

[Tomcat_https_tomcat.apache.org_download-90.cgi]: https://tomcat.apache.org/download-90.cgi
[Tomcat _https_pan.baidu.com_s_1iEEptTiPXPLls3wBpSUg1g]: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1iEEptTiPXPLls3wBpSUg1g
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/8057f515c2db41ecbd67a48ff1e9f813.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/61cfa87d49684ef0a5fd5cbcd87ceaa4.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/18588932a07445bfb0291f250a093f3a.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/38209ed80fa8417daac1a027a42ef2c0.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/cae41859ad754b229d6bcc29dc2fe21d.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/4e424f95bf8345399985860fb2e494e4.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/cfad433b6a0542e7826157001ddf6aa6.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210718103823723.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210718103834635.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210718103847272.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210718103856763.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210718103913581.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210718103939959.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210718103953774.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2021071810400578.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d5ZmdoaA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70