【Java爬虫】007-网页内容解析：HTML解析与XML解析

ゝ一世哀愁。 2023-10-05 09:22 104阅读 0赞

# 一、CSS选择器 #

前面笔记已经涉及很多，不再作过多赘述，有此文章三篇，叙述极为详实，以做参考：

[这30个CSS选择器，你必须熟记（上）；][30_CSS]

[这30个CSS选择器，你必须熟记（中）；][30_CSS 1]

[这30个CSS选择器，你必须熟记（下）；][30_CSS 2]

### 书摘： ###

**基础选择器：**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

**属性选择器：**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

**组合选择器：**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

**伪选择器：**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

# 二、Xpath语法 #

前面笔记已经涉及很多，不再作过多赘述，有此文章一篇，叙述极为详实，以做参考：

[xPath 用法总结整理；][xPath]

### 书摘： ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

# 三、Jsoup解析HTML #

前面笔记已经涉及很多，不再作过多赘述，前面笔记如下：

[【Java爬虫】002-Jsoup学习笔记][Java_002-Jsoup]

### 仅在此补充支持Xpath语法的JsoupXpath： ###

### Maven坐标： ###

<dependency>
        <groupId>cn.wanghaomiao</groupId>
        <artifactId>JsoupXpath</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.2</version>
    </dependency>

### 代码示例： ###

package com.qian.test;
    
    import java.util.List;
    import org.seimicrawler.xpath.JXDocument;
    import org.seimicrawler.xpath.JXNode;
    public class JsoupXpathTest1 {
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		//基于URL创建JXDocument
    		JXDocument jxd = JXDocument.createByUrl("http://www.w3school.com.cn/b.asp");
    		//Xpath语句
    		String str = "//*[@id='course']/ul/li/a";  
    		//获取节点集合
    		List<JXNode> list = jxd.selN(str);
    		//遍历节点
    		for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
    			JXNode node = list.get(i);
    			System.out.println("标题为:" + node.asElement().text() + 
    					"\tURL为:" + node.asElement().attr("href"));
    		}
    	}
    }

# 四、HtmlCleaner解析HTML #

## 1、概述 ##

HtmlCleaner是另外一款基于Java开发的HTML文档解析器，支持Xpath语法提取HTML中的节点和元素；

## 2、Maven坐标 ##

<dependency>
        <groupId>net.sourceforge.htmlcleaner</groupId>
        <artifactId>htmlcleaner</artifactId>
        <version>2.24</version>
    </dependency>

## 3、HtmlCleaner类与TagNode类 ##

使用HtmlCleaner解析HTML文档时，需要使用到两个类：org.htmlcleaner.HtmlCleaner以及org.htmlcleaner.TagNode。HtmlCleaner类提供了实例化HtmlCleaner的方法和将指定类型输入（如String类型的HTML字符串、String类型的URL等）转化成节点（TagNode）的方法，如下表为部分方法和说明：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

TagNode类提供了一系列操作节点的方法，如下表所示：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

## 4、代码示例 ##

package com.crawler.htmlcleaner;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import org.htmlcleaner.HtmlCleaner;
    import org.htmlcleaner.TagNode;
    import org.htmlcleaner.XPatherException;
    import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
    import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;
    public class HtmlcleanerTest1 {
    	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, XPatherException {
    		//使用Jsoup获取html文件
    		Document doc = Jsoup.connect("http://www.********.com.cn/b.asp").
    				timeout(5000).get(); 
    		//转化成String格式
    		String html =doc.html();  
    		//实例化HtmlCleaner
    		HtmlCleaner cleaner = new HtmlCleaner(); 
    		//转化成TagNode
    		TagNode node = cleaner.clean(html); 
    		//通过Xpath定位标题的位置,这里使用//h1和/h1的结果是一样的
            Object[]  ns = node.evaluateXPath("//div[@id='********']//h1");  
            System.out.println("HTML中的标题是:\t" + ((TagNode)ns[0]).getText());  
            Object[]  ns1 = node.evaluateXPath("//*[@id='********']/h1"); 
            System.out.println("HTML中的标题是:\t" + ((TagNode)ns1[0]).getText());  
            //这里使用//a表示不考虑位置,如果使用/a获取不到内容
            Object[]  ns2 = node.evaluateXPath("//*[@id='course']/ul//a");  
            for(Object on : ns2) {   //遍历获取课程名以及课程地址
                TagNode n = (TagNode) on;  
                System.out.println("课程名为:\t" + n.getText() + 
                		"\t地址为:\t" + n.getAttributeByName("href"));  
            } 
            //获取每个课程名称以及其对应的简介
            Object[]  ns3 = node.evaluateXPath("//*[@id='maincontent']//div");
            for (int i = 1; i < ns3.length; i++) {
            	TagNode n = (TagNode) ns3[i]; 
            	//获取课程名称
            	String courseName = n.findElementByName("h2", true).getText().toString();
            	//循环遍历所有的p节点获取课程简介
    			Object[] objarrtr = n.evaluateXPath("//p");
    			String summary = "";
    			for(Object on : objarrtr) { 
    				summary += ((TagNode) on).getText().toString();
    			} 
    			System.out.println(courseName + "\t" + summary);
    		}
    	}
    }

# 五、HTMLParser解析HTML #

## 1、概述 ##

HTMLParser也是一款非常高效的HTML解析器，其支持CSS选择器提取HTML中的节点。HTMLParser的版本已经不再更新，但并不影响使用；

## 2、Maven坐标 ##

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.htmlparser</groupId>
        <artifactId>htmlparser</artifactId>
        <version>2.1</version>
    </dependency>

## 3、相关方法 ##

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

## 4、代码演示 ##

### 示例代码一： ###

package com.crawler.htmlparser;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import org.htmlparser.Node;
    import org.htmlparser.NodeFilter;
    import org.htmlparser.Parser;
    import org.htmlparser.filters.NodeClassFilter;
    import org.htmlparser.lexer.Lexer;
    import org.htmlparser.tags.LinkTag;
    import org.htmlparser.util.NodeList;
    import org.htmlparser.util.ParserException;
    import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
    import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;
    public class HTMLParserTest1 {
    	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ParserException {
    		//使用Jsoup获取html文件
    		Document doc = Jsoup.connect("http://www.********.com.cn/b.asp")
    				.timeout(5000).get(); 
    		//转化成String格式
    		String html =doc.html();  
    		//使用Lexer构造
    		Lexer lexer = new Lexer(html);
    		Parser parser = new Parser(lexer);
    		//过滤页面中的链接标签
    		NodeFilter filter = new NodeClassFilter(LinkTag.class);
    		//获取匹配到的节点
    		NodeList list = parser.extractAllNodesThatMatch(filter);
    		//遍历每一个节点,获取链接以及标题
    		for(int i=0; i<list.size();i++){
    			Node node = (Node)list.elementAt(i); 
    			System.out.println("链接为：" + ((LinkTag) node).getLink() 
    					+ "\t标题为:" + node.toPlainTextString() );
    		}
    	}
    }

### 示例代码二： ###

package com.crawler.htmlparser;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    import org.htmlparser.Node;
    import org.htmlparser.NodeFilter;
    import org.htmlparser.Parser;
    import org.htmlparser.filters.AndFilter;
    import org.htmlparser.filters.HasAttributeFilter;
    import org.htmlparser.filters.HasParentFilter;
    import org.htmlparser.filters.TagNameFilter;
    import org.htmlparser.tags.LinkTag;
    import org.htmlparser.util.NodeList;
    import org.htmlparser.util.ParserException;
    
    public class HTMLParserTest2 {
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ParserException {
    		//实例化Parser，用网页的 url 作为参数
    		Parser parser = new Parser("http://www.********.com.cn/b.asp");
    		//设置网页的编码(GBK)
    		parser.setEncoding("gbk");
    		//过滤页面中的标签
    		NodeFilter filtertag= new TagNameFilter("ul");
    		//父节点包含ul
    		NodeFilter filterParent = new HasParentFilter(filtertag); 
    		//包含li标签,并且li节点中包含id属性
    		NodeFilter filtername = new TagNameFilter("li");  
    		NodeFilter filterId= new HasAttributeFilter("id");
    		//过滤器的并操作
    		NodeFilter filter = new AndFilter(filterParent,filtername); 
    		NodeFilter filterfinal = new AndFilter(filter,filterId); 
    		//选择匹配到的内容
    		NodeList list = parser.extractAllNodesThatMatch(filterfinal);  
    		//循环遍历
    		for(int i=0; i<list.size();i++){
    			//获取li的第一个子节点
    			Node node = (Node)list.elementAt(i).getFirstChild(); 
    			System.out.println( "链接为：" + ((LinkTag) node).getLink() 
    					+"\t标题为:" + node.toPlainTextString() );
    		}
    	}
    }

### 示例代码三： ###

package com.crawler.htmlparser;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.URL;
    import java.net.URLConnection;
    import org.htmlparser.Node;
    import org.htmlparser.Parser;
    import org.htmlparser.filters.CssSelectorNodeFilter;
    import org.htmlparser.tags.LinkTag;
    import org.htmlparser.util.NodeList;
    import org.htmlparser.util.ParserException;
    public class HTMLParserTest3 {
    	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ParserException {
    		//使用URLConnection请求数据
    		URL url = new URL("http://www.********.com.cn/b.asp");
    		URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
    		Parser parser = new Parser(conn);
    		//css选择器进行过滤操作
    		CssSelectorNodeFilter divFilter=new CssSelectorNodeFilter ("#course > ul > li");  
    		//选择匹配到的内容
    		NodeList list = parser.extractAllNodesThatMatch(divFilter);  
    		//循环遍历
    		for(int i=0; i<list.size();i++){
    			//获取li的第一个子节点
    			Node node = (Node)list.elementAt(i).getFirstChild(); 
    			System.out.println( "链接为：" + ((LinkTag) node).getLink() 
    					+"\t标题为:" + node.toPlainTextString() );
    		}
    	}
    }

### 示例代码四： ###

package com.crawler.htmlparser;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.URL;
    import java.net.URLConnection;
    
    import org.htmlparser.Node;
    import org.htmlparser.NodeFilter;
    import org.htmlparser.Parser;
    import org.htmlparser.filters.HasChildFilter;
    import org.htmlparser.filters.TagNameFilter;
    import org.htmlparser.util.NodeList;
    import org.htmlparser.util.ParserException;
    
    public class HTMLParserTest4 {
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ParserException {
    		//使用URLConnection请求数据
    		URL url = new URL("http://www.********.com.cn/b.asp");
    		URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
    		Parser parser = new Parser(conn);
    		NodeFilter filtername = new TagNameFilter("li");  //选择的节点为每个li
    		NodeFilter filter = new HasChildFilter(filtername);
    		NodeList nodes = parser.extractAllNodesThatMatch(filter);
    		//循环遍历
    		for(int i=0; i<nodes.size();i++){
    			//获取li的第一个子节点
    			Node node = (Node)nodes.elementAt(i).getFirstChild(); 
    			System.out.println( node.toPlainTextString() );
    		}
    	}
    }

# 六、XML解析 #

## 1、概述 ##

Jsoup既可以解析HTML，也可以解析XML，且XML与HTML极为相似，故仅在此进行代码演示，以为参考；

## 2、代码演示 ##

package com.crawler.xml;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
    import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;
    import org.jsoup.nodes.Element;
    import org.jsoup.select.Elements;
    public class JsoupXML {
    	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    		//获取URL对应的HTML内容
    		String url = "http://db.auto.****.com/cxdata/xml/sales/model/model1001sales.xml";
    		Document doc = Jsoup.connect(url).timeout(5000).get();
    		//Jsoup选择器解析
    		Elements sales_ele = doc.select("sales");
    		for (Element elem:sales_ele) {
    			int salesnum=Integer.valueOf(elem.attr("salesnum"));
            	String date = elem.attr("date");
            	System.out.println("月份:" + date + "\t销量:" + salesnum);
    		}
    	}
    	
    }

[30_CSS]: https://blog.csdn.net/ed7zgee9x/article/details/102812665
[30_CSS 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/ed7zgee9x/article/details/102848593
[30_CSS 2]: https://blog.csdn.net/ed7zgee9x/article/details/102907996
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[xPath]: https://blog.csdn.net/u013332124/article/details/80621638?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522159886299019195265957916%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334..%2522%257D&request_id=159886299019195265957916&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~first_rank_ecpm_v3~pc_rank_v2-9-80621638.first_rank_ecpm_v3_pc_rank_v2&utm_term=Xpath&spm=1018.2118.3001.4187
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[Java_002-Jsoup]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29689343/article/details/106039252
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