linux命令手册

迈不过友情╰ 2023-10-06 17:54 16阅读 0赞

## 关机/重启/注销 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>常用命令</th> 
   <th>作用</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>shutdown -h now</td> 
   <td>即刻关机</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>shutdown -h 10</td> 
   <td>10分钟后关机</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>shutdown -h 11:00</td> 
   <td>11：00关机</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>shutdown -h +10</td> 
   <td>预定时间关机（10分钟后）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>shutdown -c</td> 
   <td>取消指定时间关机</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>shutdown -r now</td> 
   <td>重启</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>shutdown -r 10</td> 
   <td>10分钟之后重启</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>shutdown -r 11:00</td> 
   <td>定时重启</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>reboot</td> 
   <td>重启</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>init 6</td> 
   <td>重启</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>init 0</td> 
   <td>⽴刻关机</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>telinit 0</td> 
   <td>关机</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>poweroff</td> 
   <td>⽴刻关机</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>halt</td> 
   <td>关机</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sync</td> 
   <td>buff数据同步到磁盘</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>logout</td> 
   <td>退出登录Shell</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 系统信息和性能查看 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>常用命令</th> 
   <th>作用</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>uname -a</td> 
   <td>查看内核/OS/CPU信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>uname -r</td> 
   <td>查看内核版本</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>uname -m</td> 
   <td>查看处理器架构</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>arch</td> 
   <td>查看处理器架构</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>hostname</td> 
   <td>查看计算机名</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>who</td> 
   <td>显示当前登录系统的⽤户</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>who am i</td> 
   <td>显示登录时的⽤户名</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>whoami</td> 
   <td>显示当前⽤户名</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cat /proc/version</td> 
   <td>查看linux版本信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cat /proc/cpuinfo</td> 
   <td>查看CPU信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cat /proc/interrupts</td> 
   <td>查看中断</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cat /proc/loadavg</td> 
   <td>查看系统负载</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>uptime</td> 
   <td>查看系统运⾏时间、⽤户数、负载</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>env</td> 
   <td>查看系统的环境变量</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>lsusb -tv</td> 
   <td>查看系统USB设备信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>lspci -tv</td> 
   <td>查看系统PCI设备信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>lsmod</td> 
   <td>查看已加载的系统模块</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo</td> 
   <td>查看内存总量</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>grep MemFree /proc/meminfo</td> 
   <td>查看空闲内存量</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>free -m</td> 
   <td>查看内存⽤量和交换区⽤量</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>date</td> 
   <td>显示系统⽇期时间</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cal 2021</td> 
   <td>显示2021⽇历表</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>top</td> 
   <td>动态显示cpu/内存/进程等情况</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>vmstat 1 20</td> 
   <td>每1秒采⼀次系统状态，采20次</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>iostat</td> 
   <td>查看io读写/cpu使⽤情况</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>查看io读写/cpu使⽤情况</td> 
   <td>查询cpu使⽤情况（1秒⼀次，共10次）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sar -d 1 10</td> 
   <td>查询磁盘性能</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 磁盘和分区 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>常用命令</th> 
   <th>作用</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>fdisk -l</td> 
   <td>查看所有磁盘分区</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>swapon -s</td> 
   <td>查看所有交换分区</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>df -h</td> 
   <td>查看磁盘使⽤情况及挂载点</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>df -hl</td> 
   <td>同上</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>du -sh /dir</td> 
   <td>查看指定某个⽬录的⼤⼩</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>du -sk * | sort -rn</td> 
   <td>从⾼到低依次显示⽂件和⽬录⼤⼩</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2</td> 
   <td>挂载hda2盘</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>mount -t ntfs /dev/sdc1 /mnt/usbhd1</td> 
   <td>指定⽂件系统类型挂载（如ntfs）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>mount -o loop xxx.iso /mnt/cdrom</td> 
   <td>挂 载 iso ⽂ 件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>umount -v /dev/sda1</td> 
   <td>通过设备名卸载</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>umount -v /mnt/mymnt</td> 
   <td>通过挂载点卸载</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>fuser -km /mnt/hda1</td> 
   <td>强制卸载(慎⽤)</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## ⽤户和⽤户组 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>常用命令</th> 
   <th>作用</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>useradd codesheep</td> 
   <td>创建⽤户</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>userdel -r codesheep</td> 
   <td>删除⽤户</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>usermod -g group_name user_name</td> 
   <td>修改⽤户的组</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>usermod -aG group_name user_name</td> 
   <td>将⽤户添加到组</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>usermod -s /bin/ksh -d /home/codepig –g dev codesheep</td> 
   <td>修改⽤户codesheep的登录Shell、主⽬录以及⽤户组</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>groups test</td> 
   <td>查看test⽤户所在的组</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>groupadd group_name</td> 
   <td>创建⽤户组</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>groupdel group_name</td> 
   <td>删除⽤户组</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>groupmod -n new_name old_name</td> 
   <td>重命名⽤户组</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>su - user_name</td> 
   <td>su - user_name</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>passwd</td> 
   <td>修改⼝令</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>passwd codesheep</td> 
   <td>修改某⽤户的⼝令</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>w</td> 
   <td>查看活动⽤户</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>id codesheep</td> 
   <td>查看指定⽤户codesheep信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>last</td> 
   <td>查看⽤户登录⽇志</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>crontab -l</td> 
   <td>查看当前⽤户的计划任务</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd</td> 
   <td>查看系统所有⽤户</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cut -d: -f1 /etc/group</td> 
   <td>查看系统所有组</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## ⽹络和进程管理 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>常用命令</th> 
   <th>作用</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ifconfig</td> 
   <td>查看⽹络接⼝属性</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ifconfig eth0</td> 
   <td>查看某⽹卡的配置</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>route -n</td> 
   <td>查看路由表</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>netstat -lntp</td> 
   <td>查看所有监听端⼝</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>netstat -antp</td> 
   <td>查看已经建⽴的TCP连接</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>netstat -lutp</td> 
   <td>查看TCP/UDP的状态信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ifup eth0</td> 
   <td>启⽤eth0⽹络设备</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ifdown eth0</td> 
   <td>禁⽤eth0⽹络设备</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>iptables -L</td> 
   <td>查看iptables规则</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0</td> 
   <td>配置ip地址</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>dhclient eth0</td> 
   <td>以dhcp模式启⽤eth0</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>route add -net 0/0 gw Gateway_IP</td> 
   <td>配置默认⽹关</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>route add -net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 192.168.1.1</td> 
   <td>配置静态路由到达⽹络’192.168.0.0/16’</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>route del 0/0 gw Gateway_IP</td> 
   <td>删除静态路由</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>hostname</td> 
   <td>查看主机名</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>host <a href="http://www.baidu.com" rel="nofollow">www.baidu.com</a></td> 
   <td>解析主机名</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>nslookup <a href="http://www.baidu.com" rel="nofollow">www.baidu.com</a></td> 
   <td>查询DNS记录，查看域名解析是否正常</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ps -ef</td> 
   <td>查看所有进程</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ps -ef | grep codesheep</td> 
   <td>过滤出你需要的进程</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kill -s name</td> 
   <td>kill指定名称的进程</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kill -s pid</td> 
   <td>kill指定pid的进程</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>top</td> 
   <td>实时显示进程状态</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>vmstat 1 20</td> 
   <td>每1秒采⼀次系统状态，采20次</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>iostat</td> 
   <td>iostat</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sar -u 1 10</td> 
   <td>查询cpu使⽤情况（1秒⼀次，共10次）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sar -d 1 10</td> 
   <td>查询磁盘性能</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 常⻅系统服务命令 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>常用命令</th> 
   <th>作用</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>chkconfig --list</td> 
   <td>列出系统服务</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>service &lt;服务名&gt; status</td> 
   <td>查看某个服务</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>service &lt;服务名&gt; start</td> 
   <td>启动某个服务</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>service &lt;服务名&gt; stop</td> 
   <td>终⽌某个服务</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>service &lt;服务名&gt; restart</td> 
   <td>重启某个服务</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>systemctl status &lt;服务名&gt;</td> 
   <td>查看某个服务</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>systemctl start &lt;服务名&gt;</td> 
   <td>启动某个服务</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>systemctl stop &lt;服务名&gt;</td> 
   <td>终⽌某个服务</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>systemctl restart &lt;服务名&gt;</td> 
   <td>重启某个服务</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>systemctl enable &lt;服务名&gt;</td> 
   <td>关闭⾃启动</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>systemctl disable &lt;服务名&gt;</td> 
   <td>关闭⾃启动</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## ⽂件和⽬录操作 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>常用命令</th> 
   <th>作用</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cd &lt;⽬录名&gt;</td> 
   <td>进⼊某个⽬录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cd …</td> 
   <td>回上级⽬录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cd …/…</td> 
   <td>回上两级⽬录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cd</td> 
   <td>进个⼈主⽬录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cd -</td> 
   <td>回上⼀步所在⽬录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>pwd</td> 
   <td>显示当前路径</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ls</td> 
   <td>查看⽂件⽬录列表</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ls -F</td> 
   <td>查看⽬录中内容（显示是⽂件还是⽬录）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ls -l</td> 
   <td>查看⽂件和⽬录的详情列表</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ls -a</td> 
   <td>查看隐藏⽂件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ls -lh</td> 
   <td>查看⽂件和⽬录的详情列表（增强⽂件⼤⼩易读性）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ls -lSr</td> 
   <td>查看⽂件和⽬录列表（以⽂件⼤⼩升序查看）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tree</td> 
   <td>查看⽂件和⽬录的树形结构</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>mkdir &lt;⽬录名&gt;</td> 
   <td>创建⽬录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>mkdir dir1 dir2</td> 
   <td>同时创建两个⽬录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2</td> 
   <td>创建⽬录树</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rm -f file1</td> 
   <td>删除’file1’⽂件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rmdir dir1</td> 
   <td>删除’dir1’⽬录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rm -rf dir1</td> 
   <td>删除’dir1’⽬录和其内容</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rm -rf dir1 dir2</td> 
   <td>同时删除两个⽬录及其内容</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>mv old_dir new_dir</td> 
   <td>重命名/移动⽬录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cp file1 file2</td> 
   <td>复制⽂件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cp dir/* .</td> 
   <td>复制某⽬录下的所有⽂件⾄当前⽬录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cp -a dir1 dir2</td> 
   <td>复制⽬录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cp -a /tmp/dir1 .</td> 
   <td>复制⼀个⽬录⾄当前⽬录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ln -s file1 link1</td> 
   <td>创建指向⽂件/⽬录的软链接</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ln file1 lnk1</td> 
   <td>创建指向⽂件/⽬录的物理链接</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>find / -name file1</td> 
   <td>从跟⽬录开始搜索⽂件/⽬录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>find / -user user1</td> 
   <td>搜索⽤户user1的⽂件/⽬录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>find /dir -name *.bin</td> 
   <td>在⽬录/dir中搜带有.bin后缀的⽂件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>locate &lt;关键词&gt;</td> 
   <td>快速定位⽂件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>locate *.mp4</td> 
   <td>寻找.mp4结尾的⽂件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>whereis &lt;关键词&gt;</td> 
   <td>显示某⼆进制⽂件/可执⾏⽂件的路径</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>which &lt;关键词&gt;</td> 
   <td>查找系统⽬录下某的⼆进制⽂件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>chmod ugo+rwx dir1</td> 
   <td>设置⽬录所有者(u)、群组(g)及其他⼈(o)的读（r）写(w)执⾏(x)权限</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>chmod go-rwx dir1</td> 
   <td>移除群组(g)与其他⼈(o)对⽬录的读写执⾏权限</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>chown user1 file1</td> 
   <td>改变⽂件的所有者属性</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>chown -R user1 dir1</td> 
   <td>改变⽬录的所有者属性</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>chgrp group1 file1</td> 
   <td>改变⽂件群组</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>chown user1:group1 file1</td> 
   <td>改变⽂件的所有⼈和群组</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## ⽂件查看和处理 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>常用命令</th> 
   <th>作用</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cat file1</td> 
   <td>查看⽂件内容</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cat -n file1</td> 
   <td>查看内容并标示⾏数</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tac file1</td> 
   <td>从最后⼀⾏开始反看⽂件内容</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>more file1</td> 
   <td>more file1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>less file1</td> 
   <td>类似more命令，但允许反向操作</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>head -2 file1</td> 
   <td>查看⽂件前两⾏</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tail -2 file1</td> 
   <td>查看⽂件后两⾏</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tail -f /log/msg</td> 
   <td>实时查看添加到⽂件中的内容</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>grep codesheep hello.txt</td> 
   <td>在⽂件hello.txt中查找关键词codesheep</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>grep ^sheep hello.txt</td> 
   <td>在⽂件hello.txt中查找以sheep开头的内容</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>grep [0-9] hello.txt</td> 
   <td>选择hello.txt⽂件中所有包含数字的⾏</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sed ‘s/s1/s2/g’ hello.txt</td> 
   <td>将hello.txt⽂件中的s1替换成s2</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sed ‘/^$/d’ hello.txt</td> 
   <td>从hello.txt⽂件中删除所有空⽩⾏</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sed ‘/ *#/d; /^$/d’ hello.txt</td> 
   <td>从hello.txt⽂件中删除所有注释和空⽩⾏</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sed -e ‘1d’ hello.txt</td> 
   <td>从⽂件hello.txt 中排除第⼀⾏</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sed -n ‘/s1/p’ hello.txt</td> 
   <td>查看只包含关键词"s1"的⾏</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sed -e ‘s/ *$//’ hello.txt</td> 
   <td>删除每⼀⾏最后的空⽩字符</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sed -e ‘s/s1//g’ hello.txt</td> 
   <td>从⽂档中只删除词汇s1并保留剩余全部</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sed -n ‘1,5p;5q’ hello.txt</td> 
   <td>查看从第⼀⾏到第5⾏内容</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sed -n ‘5p;5q’ hello.txt</td> 
   <td>查看第5⾏</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>paste file1 file2</td> 
   <td>合并两个⽂件或两栏的内容</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>paste -d ‘+’ file1 file2</td> 
   <td>合并两个⽂件或两栏的内容，中间⽤"+"区分</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sort file1 file2</td> 
   <td>排序两个⽂件的内容</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>comm -1 file1 file2</td> 
   <td>⽐较两个⽂件的内容(去除’file1’所含内容)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>comm -2 file1 file2</td> 
   <td>⽐较两个⽂件的内容(去除’file2’所含内容</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>comm -3 file1 file2</td> 
   <td>⽐较两个⽂件的内容(去除两⽂件共有部分)</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 打包和解压 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>常用命令</th> 
   <th>作用</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>zip xxx.zip file</td> 
   <td>压缩⾄zip包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>zip -r xxx.zip file1 file2 dir1</td> 
   <td>将多个⽂件+⽬录压成zip包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>unzip xxx.zip</td> 
   <td>解压zip包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tar -cvf xxx.tar file</td> 
   <td>创建⾮压缩tar包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tar -cvf xxx.tar file1 file2 dir1</td> 
   <td>将多个⽂件+⽬录打tar包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tar -tf xxx.tar</td> 
   <td>查看tar包的内容</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tar -xvf xxx.tar</td> 
   <td>解压tar包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tar -xvf xxx.tar -C /dir</td> 
   <td>将tar包解压⾄指定⽬录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tar -cvfj xxx.tar.bz2 dir</td> 
   <td>创建bz2压缩包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tar -jxvf xxx.tar.bz2</td> 
   <td>解压bz2压缩包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tar -cvfz xxx.tar.gz dir</td> 
   <td>创建gzip压缩包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tar -zxvf xxx.tar.gz</td> 
   <td>解压gzip压缩包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>bunzip2 xxx.bz2</td> 
   <td>解压bz2压缩包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>bzip2 filename</td> 
   <td>压缩⽂件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>gunzip xxx.gz</td> 
   <td>解压gzip压缩包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>gzip filename</td> 
   <td>压缩⽂件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>gzip -9 filename</td> 
   <td>最⼤程度压缩</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## RPM包管理命令 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>常用命令</th> 
   <th>作用</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rpm -qa</td> 
   <td>查看已安装的rpm包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rpm -q pkg_name</td> 
   <td>查询某个rpm包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rpm -q --whatprovides xxx</td> 
   <td>显示xxx功能是由哪个包提供的</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rpm -q --whatrequires xxx</td> 
   <td>显示xxx功能被哪个程序包依赖的</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rpm -q --changelog xxx</td> 
   <td>显示xxx包的更改记录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rpm -qi pkg_name</td> 
   <td>查看⼀个包的详细信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rpm -qd pkg_name</td> 
   <td>查询⼀个包所提供的⽂档</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rpm -qc pkg_name</td> 
   <td>查看已安装rpm包提供的配置⽂件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rpm -ql pkg_name</td> 
   <td>查看⼀个包安装了哪些⽂件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rpm -qf filename</td> 
   <td>查看某个⽂件属于哪个包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rpm -qR pkg_name</td> 
   <td>查询包的依赖关系</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rpm -ivh xxx.rpm</td> 
   <td>安装rpm包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rpm -ivh --test xxx.rpm</td> 
   <td>测试安装rpm包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rpm -ivh --nodeps xxx.rpm</td> 
   <td>安装rpm包时忽略依赖关系</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rpm -e xxx</td> 
   <td>卸载程序包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rpm -Fvh pkg_name</td> 
   <td>升级确定已安装的rpm包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rpm -Uvh pkg_name</td> 
   <td>升级rpm包(若未安装则会安装)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rpm -V pkg_name</td> 
   <td>RPM包详细信息校验</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## YUM包管理命令 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>常用命令</th> 
   <th>作用</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>yum repolist enabled</td> 
   <td>显示可⽤的源仓库</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>yum search pkg_name</td> 
   <td>搜索软件包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>yum install pkg_name</td> 
   <td>下载并安装软件包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>yum install --downloadonly pkg_name</td> 
   <td>只 下 载 不 安 装</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>yum list</td> 
   <td>显示所有程序包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>yum list installed</td> 
   <td>查看当前系统已安装包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>yum list updates</td> 
   <td>查看可以更新的包列表</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>yum check-update</td> 
   <td>查看可升级的软件包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>yum update</td> 
   <td>更新所有软件包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>yum update pkg_name</td> 
   <td>升级指定软件包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>yum deplist pkg_name</td> 
   <td>列出软件包依赖关系</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>yum remove pkg_name</td> 
   <td>删除软件包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>yum clean all</td> 
   <td>清除缓存</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>yum clean packages</td> 
   <td>清除缓存的软件包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>yum clean headers</td> 
   <td>清除缓存的header</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## DPKG包管理命令 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>常用命令</th> 
   <th>作用</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>dpkg -c xxx.deb</td> 
   <td>列出deb包的内容</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>dpkg -i xxx.deb</td> 
   <td>安装/更新deb包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>dpkg -r pkg_name</td> 
   <td>移除deb包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>dpkg -P pkg_name</td> 
   <td>移除deb包(不保留配置)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>dpkg -l</td> 
   <td>查看系统中已安装deb包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>dpkg -l pkg_name</td> 
   <td>显示包的⼤致信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>dpkg -L pkg_name</td> 
   <td>查看deb包安装的⽂件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>dpkg -s pkg_name</td> 
   <td>查看包的详细信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>dpkg –unpack xxx.deb</td> 
   <td>解开deb包的内容</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## APT软件⼯具 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>常用命令</th> 
   <th>作用</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>apt-cache search pkg_name</td> 
   <td>搜索程序包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>apt-cache show pkg_name</td> 
   <td>获取包的概览信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>apt-get install pkg_name</td> 
   <td>安装/升级软件包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>apt-get purge pkg_name</td> 
   <td>卸载软件（包括配置）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>apt-get remove pkg_name</td> 
   <td>卸载软件（不包括配置）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>apt-get update</td> 
   <td>更新包索引信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>apt-get upgrade</td> 
   <td>更新已安装软件包</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>apt-get clean</td> 
   <td>清理缓存</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>