【OpenStack（Train版）安装部署（十八）】之Neutron的API测试，网络情况查看

电玩女神 2023-10-07 17:13 17阅读 0赞

#### 文章目录 ####

*   *  本文章由公号【开发小鸽】发布！欢迎关注！！！
     *  1. neutron网络情况查看
     *   *  （1） 虚拟网桥与虚拟网卡
         *  （2） 查看当前节点的网卡和网桥情况
         *  （3） 创建两个虚拟机查看网络情况
         *  （4）virbr0的理解
     *  2.neutron网络服务的API测试
     *   *  （1） 查看所有network信息
         *  （2）查看单个network信息
         *  （3）创建单个网络
         *  （4） 获取所有的port端口
         *  （5） 获取所有的subnet子网

### 本文章由公号【开发小鸽】发布！欢迎关注！！！ ###

**老规矩–妹妹镇楼：**

![20200721223424816.JPG][]

### 1. neutron网络情况查看 ###

#### （1） 虚拟网桥与虚拟网卡 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5byA5Y-R5bCP6bi9_size_13_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16]

如上所示，Centos节点上的网卡eth0，创建一个虚拟网桥br0，要创建两个虚拟机，且让每个虚拟机和当前的节点之间能够通信，则为每个虚拟机创建一个虚拟网卡连接到虚拟网桥br0上。

#### （2） 查看当前节点的网卡和网桥情况 ####

查看网卡情况，可以看到有当前节点的物理网卡ens33，虚拟网桥brq，本地lo，：

[root@controller ~]# ifconfig
    brq9d470a6f-3b: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            inet 192.168.112.146  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.112.255
            inet6 fe80::dcc4:eff:feb9:1b57  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
            ether 00:0c:29:95:a4:6a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 10434  bytes 2970470 (2.8 MiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 7774  bytes 2290154 (2.1 MiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            inet 192.168.112.146  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.112.255
            inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe95:a46a  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
            ether 00:0c:29:95:a4:6a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 17249  bytes 7462967 (7.1 MiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 9717  bytes 4165068 (3.9 MiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
            inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
            inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
            loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
            RX packets 61509  bytes 21583175 (20.5 MiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 61509  bytes 21583175 (20.5 MiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    tap3c7aba5e-5c: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            ether 0a:c0:9a:04:fc:b9  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 5  bytes 446 (446.0 B)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 2083  bytes 200612 (195.9 KiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
            ether 52:54:00:7a:d3:fe  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

查看虚拟网桥连接情况，可以看到虚拟网桥brq上只有一个ens33物理网卡以及一个tap设备：

[root@controller ~]# brctl show
    bridge name	bridge id		STP enabled	interfaces
    brq9d470a6f-3b		8000.000c2995a46a	no		ens33
    							tap3c7aba5e-5c
    virbr0		8000.5254007ad3fe	yes		virbr0-nic

#### （3） 创建两个虚拟机查看网络情况 ####

启动两个虚拟机，在Compute节点查看网桥情况：

[root@computer ~]# brctl show
    bridge name	bridge id		STP enabled	interfaces
    brq9d470a6f-3b		8000.000c2987e697	no		ens33
    							tap1af5545c-d1
    							tape48d13df-31

可以看到，在虚拟网桥brq上连接了三个接口，一个是物理网卡ens33，另外两个就是虚拟机的网卡。因此可以推断出Compute节点和创建的两个虚拟机在同一个网桥下是可以通信的。

连接到其中一个虚拟机192.168.112.214，测试与另一个虚拟机、Compute节点、Controller节点的连通性，可以看到都是可以连通的：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5byA5Y-R5bCP6bi9_size_18_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16]

可是我们从本地的Win机上向某一个cirros虚拟机通信时却发现ping不通，这是为啥呢？我们的Controller节点和Compute节点都是通过Vmware 创建的，使用的网络是NAT网络，NAT网络从外部是无法向内部访问的。

#### （4）virbr0的理解 ####

virbr0是KVM默认创建的一个Bridge，它的作用是为连接其上的虚拟网卡提供NAT访问外网的功能，virbr0默认分配的IP是192.168.122.1，并为连接其上的其他虚拟网卡提供DHCP服务。也就是说使用NAT的虚拟机可以访问外网，与外网通信的虚拟机的IP地址被转换为了宿主机的IP地址，但是外网无法直接访问虚拟机

### 2.neutron网络服务的API测试 ###

#### （1） 查看所有network信息 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][4f92def6b45245ba8ca4bbc340f36fc6.png]

填写如下的request参数：  
![在这里插入图片描述][b26e02b8c1c24bba80035cd9cdb10a9d.png]

得到如下的response，主要包括status，子网subnets，项目id，network名称：

{
        
        "networks": [
            {
        
                "provider:physical_network": "provider",（实现此网络/网段的物理网络）
                "ipv6_address_scope": null,
                "revision_number": 2,
                "port_security_enabled": true,（网络的端口安全状态）
                "mtu": 1500,（用于解决碎片的最大传输单元 (MTU) 值）
                "id": "9d470a6f-3b69-4105-b0eb-f6ef70a9dec3",
                "router:external": false,
                "availability_zone_hints": [],（可用空间的候选）
                "availability_zones": [
                    "nova"
                ],
                "ipv4_address_scope": null,
                "shared": true,（共享）
                "project_id": "a7d812868cb74f1a978035530f55f1d0",
                "status": "ACTIVE",
                "subnets": [
                    "6702625f-2d76-4074-8c7c-6a87a6b82525"（子网的id）
                ],
                "description": "",
                "tags": [],
                "updated_at": "2021-09-08T17:27:57Z",
                "provider:segmentation_id": null,（物理网络上隔离网段的ID。该network_type属性定义了细分模型。例如，如果network_type值为 vlan，则此 ID 为 vlan 标识符。如果network_type值为 gre，则此 ID 为 gre 键。）
                "name": "WAN",
                "admin_state_up": true,（网络的管理状态，即启动 ( true) 或关闭 ( false)）
                "tenant_id": "a7d812868cb74f1a978035530f55f1d0",
                "created_at": "2021-09-08T16:39:27Z",
                "provider:network_type": "flat"（此网络映射到的物理网络类型。例如，flat，vlan，vxlan，或gre。有效值取决于网络后端。）
            }
        ]
    }

#### （2）查看单个network信息 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][495cadda2a9148e6a10398024f338e12.png]

设置如下的request参数：  
![在这里插入图片描述][6735bedd2768418f80c1ee834a59b584.png]

得到如下的response：

{
        
        "network": {
        
            "status": "ACTIVE",
            "router:external": false,
            "availability_zone_hints": [],
            "availability_zones": [
                "nova"
            ],
            "description": "",
            "subnets": [
                "6702625f-2d76-4074-8c7c-6a87a6b82525"
            ],
            "shared": true,
            "tenant_id": "a7d812868cb74f1a978035530f55f1d0",
            "created_at": "2021-09-08T16:39:27Z",
            "tags": [],
            "ipv6_address_scope": null,
            "mtu": 1500,
            "updated_at": "2021-09-08T17:27:57Z",
            "admin_state_up": true,
            "revision_number": 2,
            "ipv4_address_scope": null,
            "port_security_enabled": true,
            "project_id": "a7d812868cb74f1a978035530f55f1d0",
            "id": "9d470a6f-3b69-4105-b0eb-f6ef70a9dec3",
            "name": "WAN"
        }
    }

#### （3）创建单个网络 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][f6662c24bb1042ef8d9616eff43ab0e4.png]

#### （4） 获取所有的port端口 ####

port可以看做是虚拟交换机上的一个端口，port上定义了MAC地址和IP地址，当实例的虚拟网卡VIF绑定到port时，port会将MAC和IP分配给VIF中，相当于一个虚拟网卡对应一个port（MAC和IP），一个实例可以配置多个VIF虚拟网卡。  
![在这里插入图片描述][558b2f6536214ddc9bae64a72ffd240d.png]

传入参数：  
![在这里插入图片描述][4d15182071004daea184fca09fb4d8fd.png]

得到响应是所有的port端口，端口的IP地址，MAC地址，子网id，网络id，可以看到所有的实例分配的port都被显示出来了：

{
        
        "ports": [
            {
        
                "allowed_address_pairs": [],
                "extra_dhcp_opts": [],
                "updated_at": "2021-10-10T01:21:01Z",
                "device_owner": "compute:nova",
                "revision_number": 7,
                "port_security_enabled": true,
                "binding:profile": {
        },
                "fixed_ips": [
                    {
        
                        "subnet_id": "6702625f-2d76-4074-8c7c-6a87a6b82525",
                        "ip_address": "192.168.112.214"
                    }
                ],
                "id": "1af5545c-d178-48ca-82c9-540bd4e8bbd4",
                "security_groups": [
                    "f71074ff-7cbe-45d9-abba-e62ead7daae7"
                ],
                "binding:vif_details": {
        
                    "connectivity": "l2",
                    "port_filter": true
                },
                "binding:vif_type": "bridge",
                "mac_address": "fa:16:3e:5e:b3:58",
                "project_id": "a7d812868cb74f1a978035530f55f1d0",
                "status": "ACTIVE",
                "binding:host_id": "computer",
                "description": "",
                "tags": [],
                "device_id": "739bd9ea-4b50-46ca-98ba-e0ae01d86119",
                "name": "",
                "admin_state_up": true,
                "network_id": "9d470a6f-3b69-4105-b0eb-f6ef70a9dec3",
                "tenant_id": "a7d812868cb74f1a978035530f55f1d0",
                "created_at": "2021-10-09T15:59:19Z",
                "binding:vnic_type": "normal"
            },
            {
        
                "allowed_address_pairs": [],
                "extra_dhcp_opts": [],
                "updated_at": "2021-10-10T11:12:17Z",
                "device_owner": "network:dhcp",
                "revision_number": 50,
                "port_security_enabled": false,
                "binding:profile": {
        },
                "fixed_ips": [
                    {
        
                        "subnet_id": "6702625f-2d76-4074-8c7c-6a87a6b82525",
                        "ip_address": "192.168.112.200"
                    }
                ],
                "id": "3c7aba5e-5ce8-49ea-9ad9-5baaf450facf",
                "security_groups": [],
                "binding:vif_details": {
        
                    "connectivity": "l2",
                    "port_filter": true
                },
                "binding:vif_type": "bridge",
                "mac_address": "fa:16:3e:90:74:f8",
                "project_id": "a7d812868cb74f1a978035530f55f1d0",
                "status": "ACTIVE",
                "binding:host_id": "controller",
                "description": "",
                "tags": [],
                "device_id": "dhcpd3377d3c-a0d1-5d71-9947-f17125c357bb-9d470a6f-3b69-4105-b0eb-f6ef70a9dec3",
                "name": "",
                "admin_state_up": true,
                "network_id": "9d470a6f-3b69-4105-b0eb-f6ef70a9dec3",
                "tenant_id": "a7d812868cb74f1a978035530f55f1d0",
                "created_at": "2021-09-08T17:27:58Z",
                "binding:vnic_type": "normal"
            },
            {
        
                "allowed_address_pairs": [],
                "extra_dhcp_opts": [],
                "updated_at": "2021-10-10T01:21:26Z",
                "device_owner": "compute:nova",
                "revision_number": 7,
                "port_security_enabled": true,
                "binding:profile": {
        },
                "fixed_ips": [
                    {
        
                        "subnet_id": "6702625f-2d76-4074-8c7c-6a87a6b82525",
                        "ip_address": "192.168.112.201"
                    }
                ],
                "id": "e48d13df-31ed-4ee0-bd53-46b996d4c15a",
                "security_groups": [
                    "f71074ff-7cbe-45d9-abba-e62ead7daae7"
                ],
                "binding:vif_details": {
        
                    "connectivity": "l2",
                    "port_filter": true
                },
                "binding:vif_type": "bridge",
                "mac_address": "fa:16:3e:52:90:21",
                "project_id": "a7d812868cb74f1a978035530f55f1d0",
                "status": "ACTIVE",
                "binding:host_id": "computer",
                "description": "",
                "tags": [],
                "device_id": "09e84068-de17-4bb4-9bd5-6104357deb00",
                "name": "",
                "admin_state_up": true,
                "network_id": "9d470a6f-3b69-4105-b0eb-f6ef70a9dec3",
                "tenant_id": "a7d812868cb74f1a978035530f55f1d0",
                "created_at": "2021-10-09T15:59:07Z",
                "binding:vnic_type": "normal"
            }
        ]
    }

#### （5） 获取所有的subnet子网 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][e4eb197d809e4691aeafc4059b7a9601.png]

传入参数：

![在这里插入图片描述][6f750b07f9394ae2b7ec02e9810ab041.png]

得到响应，子网的所属网络id，租户id，子网的分配IP范围，网关IP，子网的cidr：

{
        
        "subnets": [
            {
        
                "service_types": [],
                "description": "",
                "enable_dhcp": true,
                "tags": [],
                "network_id": "9d470a6f-3b69-4105-b0eb-f6ef70a9dec3",
                "tenant_id": "a7d812868cb74f1a978035530f55f1d0",
                "created_at": "2021-09-08T17:27:57Z",
                "dns_nameservers": [
                    "223.5.5.5"
                ],
                "updated_at": "2021-09-08T17:27:57Z",
                "ipv6_ra_mode": null,
                "allocation_pools": [
                    {
        
                        "start": "192.168.112.200",
                        "end": "192.168.112.230"
                    }
                ],
                "gateway_ip": "192.168.112.254",
                "revision_number": 0,
                "ipv6_address_mode": null,
                "ip_version": 4,
                "host_routes": [],
                "cidr": "192.168.112.0/24",
                "project_id": "a7d812868cb74f1a978035530f55f1d0",
                "id": "6702625f-2d76-4074-8c7c-6a87a6b82525",
                "subnetpool_id": null,
                "name": "subnet-wan"
            }
        ]
    }

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