Python3 内置http.client,urllib.request及三方库requests发送请求对比

今天药忘吃喽~ 2023-10-09 10:11 25阅读 0赞

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### HTTP,GET请求,无参 ###

GET [http://httpbin.org/get][http_httpbin.org_get]

Python3 http.client

import http.client
    
    # 1. 建立HTTP连接
    conn = http.client.HTTPConnection("httpbin.org")
    # 2. 发送GET请求，制定接口路径
    conn.request("GET", '/get')
    # 3. 获取相应
    res = conn.getresponse()
    # 4. 解析相应.进行解码
    print(res.read().encode("utf-8")) # 自己解码

Python3 urllib.request

import urllib
    
    res = urllib.request.urlopen("http://httpbin.org/get")
    print(res.read().decode("utf-8"))  # 自己解码

Python3 requests

import requests
    
    res = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get")
    print(res.text) # 自动按默认utf-8解码

### HTTPS,GET请求,带中文参数 ###

GET [http://httpbin.org/get?name=张三&age=12][http_httpbin.org_get_name_age_12]

Python3 http.client

import http.client
    import urllib.parse
    
    conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection("httpbin.org")
    url = urllib.parse.quote("/get?name=张三&age=12", safe=':/?=&') # 进行url编码
    conn.request("GET", url)
    res = conn.getresponse()
    print(res.read().decode("utf-8")) # 自己解码

Python3 urllib.request

import urllib
    import urllib.parse
    
    url = urllib.parse.quote("https://httpbin.org/get?name=张三&age=12", safe=':/?=&') # 进行url编码
    res = urllib.request.urlopen("url")
    print(res.read().decode("utf-8"))  # 自己解码

Python3 requests

import requests
    
    res = requests.get("https://httpbin.org/get?name=张三&age=12") # 自动编码
    print(res.text) # 自动按默认utf-8解码

### Post x-www-form-urlencoded传统表单请求 ###

POST [http://httpbin.org/post][http_httpbin.org_post] 请求数据: name=张三&age=12

Python3 http.client

import http.client
    import urllib.parse
    
    conn = http.client.HTTPConnection("httpbin.org")
    data = urllib.parse.urlencode({"name":"张三", "age": 12}).encode("utf-8") # 对数据进行url编码及utf-8编码
    conn.request("POST", '/post', data)
    res = conn.getresponse()
    print(res.read().decode("utf-8"))

Python3 urllib.request

import urllib
    import urllib.parse
    import urllib.request
    
    data = urllib.parse.urlencode({"name":"张三", "age": 12}).encode("utf-8") # 对数据进行url编码及utf-8编码
    req = urllib.request.Request("http://httpbin.org/post", data=data)
    res = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
    print(res.read().decode("utf-8"))

Python3 requests

import requests
    
    data = {"name":"张三", "age": 12}
    res = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=data) # 自动编码
    print(res.text)

### Post application/json请求 ###

POST [http://httpbin.org/post][http_httpbin.org_post] 请求数据: \{"name": "张三","age": 12\}

Python3 http.client

import http.client
    import urllib.parse
    import json
    
    conn = http.client.HTTPConnection("httpbin.org")
    data = '{"name":"张三", "age": 12}'.encode('utf-8') # 或data = json.dumps({"name":"张三", "age": 12})
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
    conn.request("POST", '/post', data, headers)
    res = conn.getresponse()
    print(res.read().decode("utf-8"))

Python3 urllib.request

import urllib
    import urllib.parse
    import urllib.request
    import json
    
    data = '{"name":"张三", "age": 12}'.encode('utf-8') # 或data = json.dumps({"name":"张三", "age": 12})
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
    req = urllib.request.Request("http://httpbin.org/post", data=data, headers=headers)
    res = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
    print(res.read().decode("utf-8"))

Python3 requests

import requests
    
    data = {"name":"张三", "age": 12}
    res = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", json=data)
    print(res.json())  # 转为字典格式

或

import requests
    import json
    
    data = {"name":"张三", "age": 12}
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
    res = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=json.dumps(data), headers=headers)
    print(res.json())  # 转为字典格式

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/superhin/p/11455240.html

[http_httpbin.org_get]: http://httpbin.org/get
[http_httpbin.org_get_name_age_12]: http://httpbin.org/get?name=%E5%BC%A0%E4%B8%89&age=12
[http_httpbin.org_post]: http://httpbin.org/post