Python3使用openpyxl读写Excel文件

心已赠人 2023-10-09 10:15 41阅读 0赞

Python中常用的操作Excel的三方包有xlrd,xlwt和openpyxl等，xlrd支持读取.xls和.xlsx格式的Excel文件，只支持读取，不支持写入。xlwt只支持写入.xls格式的文件，不支持读取。  
openpyxl不支持.xls格式，但是支持.xlsx格式的读取写入，并且支持写入公式等。

原始数据文件apis.xlsx内容：

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>name</th> 
   <th>method</th> 
   <th>url</th> 
   <th>data</th> 
   <th>json</th> 
   <th>result</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>get接口</td> 
   <td>get</td> 
   <td><a href="https://httpbin.org/get?a=1&amp;b=2" rel="nofollow">https://httpbin.org/get?a=1&amp;b=2</a></td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>post表单接口</td> 
   <td>post</td> 
   <td><a href="https://httpbin.org/post" rel="nofollow">https://httpbin.org/post</a></td> 
   <td>{name: Kevin,age:1}</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>post-json接口</td> 
   <td>post</td> 
   <td><a href="https://httpbin.org/post" rel="nofollow">https://httpbin.org/post</a></td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>{name: Kevin,age: 21}</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 读取数据 ##

### 读取所有数据 ###

import openpyxl
    
    # 打开excel
    excel = openpyxl.load_workbook('apis.xlsx')  # 有路径应带上路径
    # 使用指定工作表
    sheet = excel.active  # 当前激活的工作表
    # sheet = excel.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1')
    # 读取所有数据
    print(list(sheet.values))  # sheet.values 生成器
    print(sheet.max_column)  # 最大列数
    print(sheet.max_row)  # 最大行数

显示结果：

[('name', 'method', 'url', 'headers', 'data', 'json', 'result'), ('get接口', 'get', 'https://httpbin.org/get?a=1&b=2', None, None, None, None), ('post表单接口', 'post', 'https://httpbin.org/post', 'cookie: token=123', '{name: Kevin,age: 21}', None, None), ('post-json接口', 'post', 'https://httpbin.org/post', None, None, '{name: Kevin,age: 21}', None)]
    7
    4

### 按行读取 ###

代码接上例

...
    # 按行读取
    for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=1, min_col=1, max_col=3, max_row=3): 
        print(row)
    # 读取标题行
    for row in sheet.iter_rows(max_row=1):
        title_row = [cell.value for cell in row]
    print(title_row)
    # 读取标题行以外数据
    for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=2):
        row_data = [cell.value for cell in row]
        print(row_data)

打印结果：

(<Cell 'Sheet1'.A1>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B1>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C1>)
    (<Cell 'Sheet1'.A2>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B2>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C2>)
    (<Cell 'Sheet1'.A3>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B3>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C3>)
    ['name', 'method', 'url', 'headers', 'data', 'json', 'result']
    ['get接口', 'get', 'https://httpbin.org/get?a=1&b=2', None, None, None, None]
    ['post表单接口', 'post', 'https://httpbin.org/post', 'cookie: token=123', '{name: Kevin,age: 21}', None, None]
    ['post-json接口', 'post', 'https://httpbin.org/post', None, None, '{name: Kevin,age: 21}', None]

### 读取单元格数据 ###

代码接上例

...
    # 读取单元格数据
    print(sheet['A1'].value)
    print(sheet.cell(1,1).value)  # 索引从1开始

打印结果：

name
    name

## 写入文件 ##

代码接上例

# 写入单元格
    sheet['F2'] = 'PASS'
    result_col = title_row.index('result')+1  # 'result'所在的列号
    sheet.cell(3, result_col).value = 'PASS'
    # 整行写入
    new_row = ['post-xml接口', 'post', 'https://httpbin.org/post']
    sheet.append(new_row)
    # 保存文件，也可覆盖原文件
    excel.save("apis2.xlsx")

写入结果：

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>name</th> 
   <th>method</th> 
   <th>url</th> 
   <th>data</th> 
   <th>json</th> 
   <th>result</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>get接口</td> 
   <td>get</td> 
   <td><a href="https://httpbin.org/get?a=1&amp;b=2" rel="nofollow">https://httpbin.org/get?a=1&amp;b=2</a></td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>PASS</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>post表单接口</td> 
   <td>post</td> 
   <td><a href="https://httpbin.org/post" rel="nofollow">https://httpbin.org/post</a></td> 
   <td>{name: Kevin,age:1}</td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>PASS</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>post-json接口</td> 
   <td>post</td> 
   <td><a href="https://httpbin.org/post" rel="nofollow">https://httpbin.org/post</a></td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>{name: Kevin,age: 21}</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>post-xml接口</td> 
   <td>post</td> 
   <td><a href="https://httpbin.org/post" rel="nofollow">https://httpbin.org/post</a></td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

> 更多操作可参考官方文档： [https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/][https_openpyxl.readthedocs.io_en_stable]

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/superhin/p/11503933.html

[https_openpyxl.readthedocs.io_en_stable]: https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/