微信公众号开发Java版

ゝ一世哀愁。 2023-10-09 16:30 29阅读 0赞

源码地址：

*  [https://github.com/ishuaige/myWxMp][https_github.com_ishuaige_myWxMp]
 *  [https://gitee.com/niumazlb/myWxMp][https_gitee.com_niumazlb_myWxMp]

## 一.申请微信开发者账号 ##

1.  注册账号
2.  申请测试号
    
     *  这里接口配置信息暂时不填，后面再填

![image-20230408212010357][]

## 二.开发平台与Java端绑定 ##

1.  **基本开发环境**
    
     *  springboot 2.7.2
     *  mysql 8.0

<dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.0</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
                <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
                <version>5.8.8</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>3.5.2</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>

1.  **引入微信公众号开发依赖**

<dependency>
        <groupId>com.github.binarywang</groupId>
        <artifactId>wx-java-mp-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>4.4.0</version>
    </dependency>

1.  **配置微信公众号测试号相关参数**
    
     *  app-id和secret为第一步中测试号提供的appid和appsecret
     *  token为接口配置信息中的Token，自定义就好

wx:
      mp:
        app-id: your-app-id
        secret: your-appsecret
        token: your-token
        aes-key:

![image-20230408212436363][]

1.  **配置类，配置WxMpService**

/**
     * 常量类，读取配置文件application.properties中的配置
     */
    @Component
    public class ConstantPropertiesUtil implements InitializingBean {
        
    
        @Value("${wx.mp.app-id}")
        private String appid;
    
        @Value("${wx.mp.secret}")
        private String appsecret;
    
        @Value("${wx.mp.token}")
        private String token;
    
        @Value("${wx.mp.aes-key}")
        private String aes_key;
    
        public static String ACCESS_KEY_ID;
        public static String ACCESS_KEY_SECRET;
        public static String TOKEN;
        public static String AES_KEY;
    
        @Override
        public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        
            ACCESS_KEY_ID = appid;
            ACCESS_KEY_SECRET = appsecret;
            TOKEN = token;
            AES_KEY = aes_key;
        }
    }

/**
     * @author niumazlb
     */
    @Configuration
    @Data
    public class WeChatMpConfig {
        
    
        @Autowired
        private ConstantPropertiesUtil constantPropertiesUtil;
    
        @Bean
        public WxMpService wxMpService(){
        
            WxMpService wxMpService = new WxMpServiceImpl();
            wxMpService.setWxMpConfigStorage(wxMpConfigStorage());
            return wxMpService;
        }
        @Bean
        public WxMpConfigStorage wxMpConfigStorage(){
        
            WxMpDefaultConfigImpl wxMpConfigStorage = new WxMpDefaultConfigImpl();
            wxMpConfigStorage.setAppId(ConstantPropertiesUtil.ACCESS_KEY_ID);
            wxMpConfigStorage.setSecret(ConstantPropertiesUtil.ACCESS_KEY_SECRET);
            wxMpConfigStorage.setToken(ConstantPropertiesUtil.TOKEN);
            wxMpConfigStorage.setAesKey(ConstantPropertiesUtil.AES_KEY);
            return wxMpConfigStorage;
        }
    }

1.  搭建微信公众号服务
    
     *  check 接口，用于微信开发者平台检测接入我们的Java端，**如果检验通过，原样返回开发者平台发过来的echostr**即可。
     *  [接入概述 | 微信开放文档 (qq.com)][_ _ _qq.com]

/**
     * 微信公众号相关接口
     *
     * @author niumazlb
     */
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("/")
    @Slf4j
    @CrossOrigin
    public class WxMpController {
        
        @Resource
        private WxMpService wxMpService;
    
        @GetMapping
        public String check(String timestamp, String nonce, String signature, String echostr) {
        
            log.info("check,timestamp:{},nonce:{},signature:{},echostr:{}", timestamp, nonce, signature, echostr);
            if (wxMpService.checkSignature(timestamp, nonce, signature)) {
        
                log.info("check success,echostr:{}", echostr);
                return echostr;
            } else {
        
                return "";
            }
        }
    }

## 三.配置内网穿透 ##

什么是内网穿透？说白了就是让其他人能够在网上访问到你电脑本地的接口。

我使用的是natapp，网上有很多教程，遇到大问题可以去搜一搜。

[NATAPP-内网穿透 基于ngrok的国内高速内网映射工具][NATAPP-_ _ngrok]

配置完成后，**可以在一些api工具中测试一下这个域名，看看请求能不能成功发送到本地**

*  在微信开发者平台填入相关信息
 *  能够成功配置，即表示接入成功！就可以开发后续功能了

![image-20230408213436984][]

### 踩坑 ###

如果这里内网穿透你使用的是自定义域名，并且域名在**除了阿里云的其他厂商备案**，那么你在发请求到该域名时，会被阿里云安全拦截！导致配置失败！

*  要么在阿里云再备案一次，较麻烦
 *  花点小钱在natapp买一个二级域名就可以了，推荐

![image-20230408213650546][]

## 四.设置公众号菜单 ##

在公众号中我们常常能看到一些按钮，通过点击按钮能够满足不同的需求

![image-20230409100719143][]

我们也能通过代码来更加个性化的定制我们的菜单（**只有认证用户可使用接口定制菜单**）

编写controller

*  可以通过wxMenuButton.setSubButtons(List<WxMenuButton> subButtons);方法来设置某个菜单的子菜单
 *  可以通过wxMenuButton.setUrl(String url)方法来设置点击菜单跳转的url

/**
         * 设置公众号菜单
         *
         * @return
         * @throws WxErrorException
         */
        @GetMapping("/setMenu")
        public String setMenu() throws WxErrorException {
        
            log.info("setMenu");
            WxMenu wxMenu = new WxMenu();
            // 菜单一
            WxMenuButton wxMenuButton1 = new WxMenuButton();
            wxMenuButton1.setType(MenuButtonType.CLICK);
            wxMenuButton1.setName("今日课程");
            wxMenuButton1.setKey(WxMpConstant.CLICK_COURSE_KEY);
    
            // 菜单二
            WxMenuButton wxMenuButton2 = new WxMenuButton();
            wxMenuButton2.setType(MenuButtonType.CLICK);
            wxMenuButton2.setName("作业");
            wxMenuButton2.setKey(WxMpConstant.CLICK_HOMEWORK_KEY);
    
            // 设置主菜单
            wxMenu.setButtons(Arrays.asList(wxMenuButton1, wxMenuButton2));
            wxMpService.getMenuService().menuCreate(wxMenu);
            return "ok";
        }

## 五.消息的接收与处理 ##

### 流程图 ###

*  可以看出我们Java后端需要编写
    
     *  一个接口用来接收微信发给我们的消息，校验签名
     *  配置路由来路由不同类型的消息
     *  对于每种消息的处理器

![image-20230408214940752][]

### 消息处理器编写接口 ###

我们只需要实现WxMpMessageHandler就可以编写一个微信消息的处理器，下面给出几个示例：

/**
     * 事件处理器
     **/
    @Component
    public class EventHandler implements WxMpMessageHandler {
        
        @Override
        public WxMpXmlOutMessage handle(WxMpXmlMessage wxMpXmlMessage, Map<String, Object> map, WxMpService wxMpService,WxSessionManager wxSessionManager) throws WxErrorException {
        
            // 拿到点击的按钮的key
            String eventKey = wxMpXmlMessage.getEventKey();
            //返回的内容
            String content = "";
            switch (eventKey) {
        
                case 某个key:
    				// 做些什么
                    break;
            }
            // 调用接口，返回消息
            return WxMpXmlOutMessage.TEXT().content(content)
                    .fromUser(wxMpXmlMessage.getToUser())
                    .toUser(wxMpXmlMessage.getFromUser())
                    .build();
        }
    }

/**
     * 消息处理器
     **/
    @Component
    @Slf4j
    public class MessageHandler implements WxMpMessageHandler {
        
    
        @Override
        public WxMpXmlOutMessage handle(WxMpXmlMessage wxMpXmlMessage, Map<String, Object> map,WxMpService wxMpService, WxSessionManager wxSessionManager) throws WxErrorException {
        
    		// 拿到用户发的消息
            String content = wxMpXmlMessage.getContent();
    		// 返回的消息
            String res = "我是复读机哇："+content;
            
    		//...做些什么...
            return WxMpXmlOutMessage.TEXT().content(res)
                    .fromUser(wxMpXmlMessage.getToUser())
                    .toUser(wxMpXmlMessage.getFromUser())
                    .build();
        }
    }

/**
     * 关注处理器
     *
     * @author niumazlb
     */
    @Component
    public class SubscribeHandler implements WxMpMessageHandler {
        
    
        @Override
        public WxMpXmlOutMessage handle(WxMpXmlMessage wxMpXmlMessage, Map<String, Object> map, WxMpService wxMpService, WxSessionManager wxSessionManager) throws WxErrorException {
        
            final String content = "感谢关注";
            // 调用接口，返回验证码
            return WxMpXmlOutMessage.TEXT().content(content)
                    .fromUser(wxMpXmlMessage.getToUser())
                    .toUser(wxMpXmlMessage.getFromUser())
                    .build();
        }
    }

### 注册路由 ###

将刚刚写的处理器注册到路由中

/**
     * 微信公众号路由
     */
    @Configuration
    public class WxMpMsgRouter {
        
    
        @Resource
        private WxMpService wxMpService;
    
        @Resource
        private EventHandler eventHandler;
    
        @Resource
        private MessageHandler messageHandler;
    
        @Resource
        private SubscribeHandler subscribeHandler;
    
        @Bean
        public WxMpMessageRouter getWxMsgRouter() {
        
            WxMpMessageRouter router = new WxMpMessageRouter(wxMpService);
            // 消息
            router.rule()
                    .async(false)
                    .msgType(XmlMsgType.TEXT) //文本消息
                    .handler(messageHandler)
                    .end();
            // 关注
            router.rule()
                    .async(false)
                    .msgType(XmlMsgType.EVENT) //事件消息
                    .event(EventType.SUBSCRIBE) // 关注事件
                    .handler(subscribeHandler)
                    .end();
            // 点击"课程"按钮
            router.rule()
                    .async(false)
                    .msgType(XmlMsgType.EVENT) 
                    .event(EventType.CLICK) //点击事件
                    .eventKey(WxMpConstant.CLICK_COURSE_KEY) // 点击按钮的key
                    .handler(eventHandler)
                    .end();
            // 点击"作业"按钮
            router.rule()
                    .async(false)
                    .msgType(XmlMsgType.EVENT)
                    .event(EventType.CLICK)
                    .eventKey(WxMpConstant.CLICK_HOMEWORK_KEY)
                    .handler(eventHandler)
                    .end();
    
            return router;
        }
    }

### 编写接口 ###

*  先校验参数的正确性
 *  判断加密类型
 *  路由消息
 *  返回信息

@Resource
        private WxMpMessageRouter router;
    
        /**
         * 接收微信发来的消息
         * @param request
         * @param response
         * @param requestBody
         * @return
         */
        @PostMapping("/")
        public String receiveMessage(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @RequestBody String requestBody) {
        
            response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
            response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
            // 校验消息签名，判断是否为公众平台发的消息
            String signature = request.getParameter("signature");
            String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");
            String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");
            if (!wxMpService.checkSignature(timestamp, nonce, signature)) {
        
                throw new BusinessException(ErrorCode.FORBIDDEN_ERROR, "非法的请求！");
            }
            // 加密类型
            String encryptType = StringUtils.isBlank(request.getParameter("encrypt_type")) ? "raw" : request.getParameter("encrypt_type");
            String out = null;
            // 明文消息
            if ("raw".equals(encryptType)) {
        
                WxMpXmlMessage inMessage = WxMpXmlMessage.fromXml(requestBody);
                log.info("message content = {}", inMessage.getContent());
                // 路由消息并处理
                WxMpXmlOutMessage outMessage = router.route(inMessage);
                if (outMessage == null) {
        
                    return "";
                } else {
        
                    out = outMessage.toXml();
                }
            }
            // aes 加密消息
            if ("aes".equals(encryptType)) {
        
                // 解密消息
                String msgSignature = request.getParameter("msg_signature");
                WxMpXmlMessage inMessage = WxMpXmlMessage
                        .fromEncryptedXml(requestBody, wxMpService.getWxMpConfigStorage(), timestamp,
                                nonce,
                                msgSignature);
                log.info("message content = {}", inMessage.getContent());
                // 路由消息并处理
                WxMpXmlOutMessage outMessage = router.route(inMessage);
                if (outMessage == null) {
        
                    return "";
                } else {
        
                    out = outMessage.toXml();
                }
            }
            log.info("\n组装回复信息：{}", out);
            return out;
        }

### 测试 ###

在测试号中发送消息，后端打好断点，可以看到发过来的消息

![image-20230409100121963][]

消息也成功的路由到处理器中

![image-20230409100323124][]

同样的，点击按钮也可以触发响应的处理器。

## 六.群发消息 ##

[一、前言 | 微信开放文档 (qq.com)][_ _ _qq.com 1]

这里提供一个群发消息的方法,**群发消息也需要微信认证才行**

public void sendAllMsg(String text) {
        
            String accessToken = this.getAccessToken();
            String reqUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/mass/sendall?access_token=" + accessToken;
            Map<String, Object> param = new HashMap<>();
            param.put("msgtype", "text");
    
            Map<String, Object> content = new HashMap<>();
            content.put("content", text);
            param.put("text", content);
    
            Map<String, Object> filter = new HashMap<>();
            filter.put("is_to_all", true);
            filter.put("tag_id", "");
            param.put("filter", filter);
    
            String json = JSONUtil.toJsonStr(param);
            String body = HttpRequest.post(reqUrl)
                    .body(json)
                    .execute()
                    .body();
    
            log.info("群发消息返回：{}", body);
    
        }

[https_github.com_ishuaige_myWxMp]: https://github.com/ishuaige/myWxMp
[https_gitee.com_niumazlb_myWxMp]: https://gitee.com/niumazlb/myWxMp
[image-20230408212010357]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/e8a252539178ad41251454bea488cc34.png
[image-20230408212436363]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/a3ca1ea3a6a70e68984bef0c2d3e0198.png
[_ _ _qq.com]: https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Basic_Information/Access_Overview.html
[NATAPP-_ _ngrok]: https://natapp.cn/#download
[image-20230408213436984]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/49646193fe7eb49724139446f0938094.png
[image-20230408213650546]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/24187ba7b982c1f9e2d065e9a9dfd801.png
[image-20230409100719143]: https://niumapicgo.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/images/image-20230409100719143.png
[image-20230408214940752]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/0fe9609927c95a81ce73a54e73fee502.png
[image-20230409100121963]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/4918df69e9caa35726457ab389b16a8d.png
[image-20230409100323124]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/30b7f1c30e787b205d6439ca1ae3b1cd.png
[_ _ _qq.com 1]: https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Message_Management/Batch_Sends_and_Originality_Checks.html