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迈不过友情╰ 2023-10-10 12:52 34阅读 0赞

### [OpenJDK][] / [lambda][] / [lambda][lambda 1] / [hotspot][] ###

#### view src/share/vm/classfile/javaClasses.cpp @ 3354:8f972594effc ####

6924259: Remove String.count/String.offset Summary: Allow a version of String class that doesn't have count and offset fields. Reviewed-by: never, coleenp

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <th>author</th> 
   <td>kvn</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <th>date</th> 
   <td>Mon, 14 May 2012 09:36:00 -0700 (2012-05-15)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <th>parents</th> 
   <td><a href="http://hg.openjdk.java.net/lambda/lambda/hotspot/file/a81f60ddab06/src/share/vm/classfile/javaClasses.cpp" rel="nofollow">a81f60ddab06</a></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <th>children</th> 
   <td><a href="http://hg.openjdk.java.net/lambda/lambda/hotspot/file/8b0a4867acf0/src/share/vm/classfile/javaClasses.cpp" rel="nofollow">8b0a4867acf0</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://hg.openjdk.java.net/lambda/lambda/hotspot/file/e9140bf80b4a/src/share/vm/classfile/javaClasses.cpp" rel="nofollow">e9140bf80b4a</a></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

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/*
     * Copyright (c) 1997, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
     * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
     *
     * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
     * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
     * published by the Free Software Foundation.
     *
     * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
     * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
     * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
     * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
     * accompanied this code).
     *
     * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
     * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
     * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
     *
     * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
     * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
     * questions.
     *
     */
    
    #include "precompiled.hpp"
    #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
    #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
    #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
    #include "code/debugInfo.hpp"
    #include "code/pcDesc.hpp"
    #include "compiler/compilerOracle.hpp"
    #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
    #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
    #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
    #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
    #include "oops/fieldStreams.hpp"
    #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
    #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
    #include "oops/klass.hpp"
    #include "oops/klassOop.hpp"
    #include "oops/methodOop.hpp"
    #include "oops/symbol.hpp"
    #include "oops/typeArrayOop.hpp"
    #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.hpp"
    #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
    #include "runtime/interfaceSupport.hpp"
    #include "runtime/java.hpp"
    #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
    #include "runtime/safepoint.hpp"
    #include "runtime/vframe.hpp"
    #include "utilities/preserveException.hpp"
    #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_linux
    # include "thread_linux.inline.hpp"
    #endif
    #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_solaris
    # include "thread_solaris.inline.hpp"
    #endif
    #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_windows
    # include "thread_windows.inline.hpp"
    #endif
    #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_bsd
    # include "thread_bsd.inline.hpp"
    #endif
    
    #define INJECTED_FIELD_COMPUTE_OFFSET(klass, name, signature, may_be_java)    \
      klass::_##name##_offset = JavaClasses::compute_injected_offset(JavaClasses::klass##_##name##_enum);
    
    #define DECLARE_INJECTED_FIELD(klass, name, signature, may_be_java)           \
      { SystemDictionary::WK_KLASS_ENUM_NAME(klass), vmSymbols::VM_SYMBOL_ENUM_NAME(name##_name), vmSymbols::VM_SYMBOL_ENUM_NAME(signature), may_be_java },
    
    InjectedField JavaClasses::_injected_fields[] = {
      ALL_INJECTED_FIELDS(DECLARE_INJECTED_FIELD)
    };
    
    int JavaClasses::compute_injected_offset(InjectedFieldID id) {
      return _injected_fields[id].compute_offset();
    }
    
    
    InjectedField* JavaClasses::get_injected(Symbol* class_name, int* field_count) {
      *field_count = 0;
    
      vmSymbols::SID sid = vmSymbols::find_sid(class_name);
      if (sid == vmSymbols::NO_SID) {
        // Only well known classes can inject fields
        return NULL;
      }
    
      int count = 0;
      int start = -1;
    
    #define LOOKUP_INJECTED_FIELD(klass, name, signature, may_be_java) \
      if (sid == vmSymbols::VM_SYMBOL_ENUM_NAME(klass)) {              \
        count++;                                                       \
        if (start == -1) start = klass##_##name##_enum;                \
      }
      ALL_INJECTED_FIELDS(LOOKUP_INJECTED_FIELD);
    #undef LOOKUP_INJECTED_FIELD
    
      if (start != -1) {
        *field_count = count;
        return _injected_fields + start;
      }
      return NULL;
    }
    
    
    static bool find_field(instanceKlass* ik,
                           Symbol* name_symbol, Symbol* signature_symbol,
                           fieldDescriptor* fd,
                           bool allow_super = false) {
      if (allow_super)
        return ik->find_field(name_symbol, signature_symbol, fd) != NULL;
      else
        return ik->find_local_field(name_symbol, signature_symbol, fd);
    }
    
    // Helpful routine for computing field offsets at run time rather than hardcoding them
    static void
    compute_offset(int &dest_offset,
                   klassOop klass_oop, Symbol* name_symbol, Symbol* signature_symbol,
                   bool allow_super = false) {
      fieldDescriptor fd;
      instanceKlass* ik = instanceKlass::cast(klass_oop);
      if (!find_field(ik, name_symbol, signature_symbol, &fd, allow_super)) {
        ResourceMark rm;
        tty->print_cr("Invalid layout of %s at %s", ik->external_name(), name_symbol->as_C_string());
        fatal("Invalid layout of preloaded class");
      }
      dest_offset = fd.offset();
    }
    
    // Same as above but for "optional" offsets that might not be present in certain JDK versions
    static void
    compute_optional_offset(int& dest_offset,
                            klassOop klass_oop, Symbol* name_symbol, Symbol* signature_symbol,
                            bool allow_super = false) {
      fieldDescriptor fd;
      instanceKlass* ik = instanceKlass::cast(klass_oop);
      if (find_field(ik, name_symbol, signature_symbol, &fd, allow_super)) {
        dest_offset = fd.offset();
      }
    }
    
    
    int java_lang_String::value_offset  = 0;
    int java_lang_String::offset_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_String::count_offset  = 0;
    int java_lang_String::hash_offset   = 0;
    
    bool java_lang_String::initialized  = false;
    
    void java_lang_String::compute_offsets() {
      assert(!initialized, "offsets should be initialized only once");
    
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::String_klass();
      compute_offset(value_offset,           k, vmSymbols::value_name(),  vmSymbols::char_array_signature());
      compute_optional_offset(offset_offset, k, vmSymbols::offset_name(), vmSymbols::int_signature());
      compute_optional_offset(count_offset,  k, vmSymbols::count_name(),  vmSymbols::int_signature());
      compute_optional_offset(hash_offset,   k, vmSymbols::hash_name(),   vmSymbols::int_signature());
    
      initialized = true;
    }
    
    Handle java_lang_String::basic_create(int length, bool tenured, TRAPS) {
      assert(initialized, "Must be initialized");
      // Create the String object first, so there's a chance that the String
      // and the char array it points to end up in the same cache line.
      oop obj;
      if (tenured) {
        obj = instanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::String_klass())->allocate_permanent_instance(CHECK_NH);
      } else {
        obj = instanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::String_klass())->allocate_instance(CHECK_NH);
      }
    
      // Create the char array.  The String object must be handlized here
      // because GC can happen as a result of the allocation attempt.
      Handle h_obj(THREAD, obj);
      typeArrayOop buffer;
      if (tenured) {
        buffer = oopFactory::new_permanent_charArray(length, CHECK_NH);
      } else {
        buffer = oopFactory::new_charArray(length, CHECK_NH);
      }
    
      // Point the String at the char array
      obj = h_obj();
      set_value(obj, buffer);
      // No need to zero the offset, allocation zero'ed the entire String object
      assert(offset(obj) == 0, "initial String offset should be zero");
    //set_offset(obj, 0);
      set_count(obj, length);
    
      return h_obj;
    }
    
    Handle java_lang_String::basic_create_from_unicode(jchar* unicode, int length, bool tenured, TRAPS) {
      Handle h_obj = basic_create(length, tenured, CHECK_NH);
      typeArrayOop buffer = value(h_obj());
      for (int index = 0; index < length; index++) {
        buffer->char_at_put(index, unicode[index]);
      }
      return h_obj;
    }
    
    Handle java_lang_String::create_from_unicode(jchar* unicode, int length, TRAPS) {
      return basic_create_from_unicode(unicode, length, false, CHECK_NH);
    }
    
    Handle java_lang_String::create_tenured_from_unicode(jchar* unicode, int length, TRAPS) {
      return basic_create_from_unicode(unicode, length, JavaObjectsInPerm, CHECK_NH);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_String::create_oop_from_unicode(jchar* unicode, int length, TRAPS) {
      Handle h_obj = basic_create_from_unicode(unicode, length, false, CHECK_0);
      return h_obj();
    }
    
    Handle java_lang_String::create_from_str(const char* utf8_str, TRAPS) {
      if (utf8_str == NULL) {
        return Handle();
      }
      int length = UTF8::unicode_length(utf8_str);
      Handle h_obj = basic_create(length, false, CHECK_NH);
      if (length > 0) {
        UTF8::convert_to_unicode(utf8_str, value(h_obj())->char_at_addr(0), length);
      }
      return h_obj;
    }
    
    oop java_lang_String::create_oop_from_str(const char* utf8_str, TRAPS) {
      Handle h_obj = create_from_str(utf8_str, CHECK_0);
      return h_obj();
    }
    
    Handle java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(Symbol* symbol, TRAPS) {
      int length = UTF8::unicode_length((char*)symbol->bytes(), symbol->utf8_length());
      Handle h_obj = basic_create(length, false, CHECK_NH);
      if (length > 0) {
        UTF8::convert_to_unicode((char*)symbol->bytes(), value(h_obj())->char_at_addr(0), length);
      }
      return h_obj;
    }
    
    // Converts a C string to a Java String based on current encoding
    Handle java_lang_String::create_from_platform_dependent_str(const char* str, TRAPS) {
      assert(str != NULL, "bad arguments");
    
      typedef jstring (*to_java_string_fn_t)(JNIEnv*, const char *);
      static to_java_string_fn_t _to_java_string_fn = NULL;
    
      if (_to_java_string_fn == NULL) {
        void *lib_handle = os::native_java_library();
        _to_java_string_fn = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(to_java_string_fn_t, os::dll_lookup(lib_handle, "NewStringPlatform"));
        if (_to_java_string_fn == NULL) {
          fatal("NewStringPlatform missing");
        }
      }
    
      jstring js = NULL;
      { JavaThread* thread = (JavaThread*)THREAD;
        assert(thread->is_Java_thread(), "must be java thread");
        HandleMark hm(thread);
        ThreadToNativeFromVM ttn(thread);
        js = (_to_java_string_fn)(thread->jni_environment(), str);
      }
      return Handle(THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve(js));
    }
    
    // Converts a Java String to a native C string that can be used for
    // native OS calls.
    char* java_lang_String::as_platform_dependent_str(Handle java_string, TRAPS) {
    
      typedef char* (*to_platform_string_fn_t)(JNIEnv*, jstring, bool*);
      static to_platform_string_fn_t _to_platform_string_fn = NULL;
    
      if (_to_platform_string_fn == NULL) {
        void *lib_handle = os::native_java_library();
        _to_platform_string_fn = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(to_platform_string_fn_t, os::dll_lookup(lib_handle, "GetStringPlatformChars"));
        if (_to_platform_string_fn == NULL) {
          fatal("GetStringPlatformChars missing");
        }
      }
    
      char *native_platform_string;
      { JavaThread* thread = (JavaThread*)THREAD;
        assert(thread->is_Java_thread(), "must be java thread");
        JNIEnv *env = thread->jni_environment();
        jstring js = (jstring) JNIHandles::make_local(env, java_string());
        bool is_copy;
        HandleMark hm(thread);
        ThreadToNativeFromVM ttn(thread);
        native_platform_string = (_to_platform_string_fn)(env, js, &is_copy);
        assert(is_copy == JNI_TRUE, "is_copy value changed");
        JNIHandles::destroy_local(js);
      }
      return native_platform_string;
    }
    
    Handle java_lang_String::char_converter(Handle java_string, jchar from_char, jchar to_char, TRAPS) {
      oop          obj    = java_string();
      // Typical usage is to convert all '/' to '.' in string.
      typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(obj);
      int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(obj);
      int          length = java_lang_String::length(obj);
    
      // First check if any from_char exist
      int index; // Declared outside, used later
      for (index = 0; index < length; index++) {
        if (value->char_at(index + offset) == from_char) {
          break;
        }
      }
      if (index == length) {
        // No from_char, so do not copy.
        return java_string;
      }
    
      // Create new UNICODE buffer. Must handlize value because GC
      // may happen during String and char array creation.
      typeArrayHandle h_value(THREAD, value);
      Handle string = basic_create(length, false, CHECK_NH);
    
      typeArrayOop from_buffer = h_value();
      typeArrayOop to_buffer   = java_lang_String::value(string());
    
      // Copy contents
      for (index = 0; index < length; index++) {
        jchar c = from_buffer->char_at(index + offset);
        if (c == from_char) {
          c = to_char;
        }
        to_buffer->char_at_put(index, c);
      }
      return string;
    }
    
    jchar* java_lang_String::as_unicode_string(oop java_string, int& length) {
      typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(java_string);
      int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(java_string);
                   length = java_lang_String::length(java_string);
    
      jchar* result = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(jchar, length);
      for (int index = 0; index < length; index++) {
        result[index] = value->char_at(index + offset);
      }
      return result;
    }
    
    unsigned int java_lang_String::hash_string(oop java_string) {
      typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(java_string);
      int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(java_string);
      int          length = java_lang_String::length(java_string);
    
      if (length == 0) return 0;
      return hash_string(value->char_at_addr(offset), length);
    }
    
    Symbol* java_lang_String::as_symbol(Handle java_string, TRAPS) {
      oop          obj    = java_string();
      typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(obj);
      int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(obj);
      int          length = java_lang_String::length(obj);
      jchar* base = (length == 0) ? NULL : value->char_at_addr(offset);
      Symbol* sym = SymbolTable::lookup_unicode(base, length, THREAD);
      return sym;
    }
    
    Symbol* java_lang_String::as_symbol_or_null(oop java_string) {
      typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(java_string);
      int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(java_string);
      int          length = java_lang_String::length(java_string);
      jchar* base = (length == 0) ? NULL : value->char_at_addr(offset);
      return SymbolTable::probe_unicode(base, length);
    }
    
    
    int java_lang_String::utf8_length(oop java_string) {
      typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(java_string);
      int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(java_string);
      int          length = java_lang_String::length(java_string);
      jchar* position = (length == 0) ? NULL : value->char_at_addr(offset);
      return UNICODE::utf8_length(position, length);
    }
    
    char* java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(oop java_string) {
      typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(java_string);
      int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(java_string);
      int          length = java_lang_String::length(java_string);
      jchar* position = (length == 0) ? NULL : value->char_at_addr(offset);
      return UNICODE::as_utf8(position, length);
    }
    
    char* java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(oop java_string, char* buf, int buflen) {
      typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(java_string);
      int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(java_string);
      int          length = java_lang_String::length(java_string);
      jchar* position = (length == 0) ? NULL : value->char_at_addr(offset);
      return UNICODE::as_utf8(position, length, buf, buflen);
    }
    
    char* java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(oop java_string, int start, int len) {
      typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(java_string);
      int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(java_string);
      int          length = java_lang_String::length(java_string);
      assert(start + len <= length, "just checking");
      jchar* position = value->char_at_addr(offset + start);
      return UNICODE::as_utf8(position, len);
    }
    
    bool java_lang_String::equals(oop java_string, jchar* chars, int len) {
      assert(SharedSkipVerify ||
             java_string->klass() == SystemDictionary::String_klass(),
             "must be java_string");
      typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(java_string);
      int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(java_string);
      int          length = java_lang_String::length(java_string);
      if (length != len) {
        return false;
      }
      for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        if (value->char_at(i + offset) != chars[i]) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      return true;
    }
    
    void java_lang_String::print(Handle java_string, outputStream* st) {
      oop          obj    = java_string();
      assert(obj->klass() == SystemDictionary::String_klass(), "must be java_string");
      typeArrayOop value  = java_lang_String::value(obj);
      int          offset = java_lang_String::offset(obj);
      int          length = java_lang_String::length(obj);
    
      int end = MIN2(length, 100);
      if (value == NULL) {
        // This can happen if, e.g., printing a String
        // object before its initializer has been called
        st->print_cr("NULL");
      } else {
        st->print("\"");
        for (int index = 0; index < length; index++) {
          st->print("%c", value->char_at(index + offset));
        }
        st->print("\"");
      }
    }
    
    static void initialize_static_field(fieldDescriptor* fd, TRAPS) {
      Handle mirror (THREAD, fd->field_holder()->java_mirror());
      assert(mirror.not_null() && fd->is_static(), "just checking");
      if (fd->has_initial_value()) {
        BasicType t = fd->field_type();
        switch (t) {
          case T_BYTE:
            mirror()->byte_field_put(fd->offset(), fd->int_initial_value());
                  break;
          case T_BOOLEAN:
            mirror()->bool_field_put(fd->offset(), fd->int_initial_value());
                  break;
          case T_CHAR:
            mirror()->char_field_put(fd->offset(), fd->int_initial_value());
                  break;
          case T_SHORT:
            mirror()->short_field_put(fd->offset(), fd->int_initial_value());
                  break;
          case T_INT:
            mirror()->int_field_put(fd->offset(), fd->int_initial_value());
            break;
          case T_FLOAT:
            mirror()->float_field_put(fd->offset(), fd->float_initial_value());
            break;
          case T_DOUBLE:
            mirror()->double_field_put(fd->offset(), fd->double_initial_value());
            break;
          case T_LONG:
            mirror()->long_field_put(fd->offset(), fd->long_initial_value());
            break;
          case T_OBJECT:
            {
              #ifdef ASSERT
              TempNewSymbol sym = SymbolTable::new_symbol("Ljava/lang/String;", CHECK);
              assert(fd->signature() == sym, "just checking");
              #endif
              oop string = fd->string_initial_value(CHECK);
              mirror()->obj_field_put(fd->offset(), string);
            }
            break;
          default:
            THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_ClassFormatError(),
                      "Illegal ConstantValue attribute in class file");
        }
      }
    }
    
    
    void java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror(KlassHandle k, TRAPS) {
      assert(instanceMirrorKlass::offset_of_static_fields() != 0, "must have been computed already");
    
      if (k->oop_is_instance()) {
        // During bootstrap, java.lang.Class wasn't loaded so static field
        // offsets were computed without the size added it.  Go back and
        // update all the static field offsets to included the size.
        for (JavaFieldStream fs(instanceKlass::cast(k())); !fs.done(); fs.next()) {
          if (fs.access_flags().is_static()) {
            int real_offset = fs.offset() + instanceMirrorKlass::offset_of_static_fields();
            fs.set_offset(real_offset);
          }
        }
      }
      create_mirror(k, CHECK);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_Class::create_mirror(KlassHandle k, TRAPS) {
      assert(k->java_mirror() == NULL, "should only assign mirror once");
      // Use this moment of initialization to cache modifier_flags also,
      // to support Class.getModifiers().  Instance classes recalculate
      // the cached flags after the class file is parsed, but before the
      // class is put into the system dictionary.
      int computed_modifiers = k->compute_modifier_flags(CHECK_0);
      k->set_modifier_flags(computed_modifiers);
      if (SystemDictionary::Class_klass_loaded() && (k->oop_is_instance() || k->oop_is_javaArray())) {
        // Allocate mirror (java.lang.Class instance)
        Handle mirror = instanceMirrorKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Class_klass())->allocate_instance(k, CHECK_0);
    
        instanceMirrorKlass* mk = instanceMirrorKlass::cast(mirror->klass());
        java_lang_Class::set_static_oop_field_count(mirror(), mk->compute_static_oop_field_count(mirror()));
    
        // It might also have a component mirror.  This mirror must already exist.
        if (k->oop_is_javaArray()) {
          Handle comp_mirror;
          if (k->oop_is_typeArray()) {
            BasicType type = typeArrayKlass::cast(k->as_klassOop())->element_type();
            comp_mirror = Universe::java_mirror(type);
            assert(comp_mirror.not_null(), "must have primitive mirror");
          } else if (k->oop_is_objArray()) {
            klassOop element_klass = objArrayKlass::cast(k->as_klassOop())->element_klass();
            if (element_klass != NULL
                && (Klass::cast(element_klass)->oop_is_instance() ||
                    Klass::cast(element_klass)->oop_is_javaArray())) {
              comp_mirror = Klass::cast(element_klass)->java_mirror();
              assert(comp_mirror.not_null(), "must have element mirror");
            }
            // else some object array internal to the VM, like systemObjArrayKlassObj
          }
          if (comp_mirror.not_null()) {
            // Two-way link between the array klass and its component mirror:
            arrayKlass::cast(k->as_klassOop())->set_component_mirror(comp_mirror());
            set_array_klass(comp_mirror(), k->as_klassOop());
          }
        } else if (k->oop_is_instance()) {
          // Initialize static fields
          instanceKlass::cast(k())->do_local_static_fields(&initialize_static_field, CHECK_NULL);
        }
        return mirror();
      } else {
        return NULL;
      }
    }
    
    
    
    int  java_lang_Class::oop_size(oop java_class) {
      assert(_oop_size_offset != 0, "must be set");
      return java_class->int_field(_oop_size_offset);
    }
    void java_lang_Class::set_oop_size(oop java_class, int size) {
      assert(_oop_size_offset != 0, "must be set");
      java_class->int_field_put(_oop_size_offset, size);
    }
    int  java_lang_Class::static_oop_field_count(oop java_class) {
      assert(_static_oop_field_count_offset != 0, "must be set");
      return java_class->int_field(_static_oop_field_count_offset);
    }
    void java_lang_Class::set_static_oop_field_count(oop java_class, int size) {
      assert(_static_oop_field_count_offset != 0, "must be set");
      java_class->int_field_put(_static_oop_field_count_offset, size);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror(const char* basic_type_name, BasicType type, TRAPS) {
      // This should be improved by adding a field at the Java level or by
      // introducing a new VM klass (see comment in ClassFileParser)
      oop java_class = instanceMirrorKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Class_klass())->allocate_instance((oop)NULL, CHECK_0);
      if (type != T_VOID) {
        klassOop aklass = Universe::typeArrayKlassObj(type);
        assert(aklass != NULL, "correct bootstrap");
        set_array_klass(java_class, aklass);
      }
    #ifdef ASSERT
      instanceMirrorKlass* mk = instanceMirrorKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Class_klass());
      assert(java_lang_Class::static_oop_field_count(java_class) == 0, "should have been zeroed by allocation");
    #endif
      return java_class;
    }
    
    
    klassOop java_lang_Class::as_klassOop(oop java_class) {
      //%note memory_2
      assert(java_lang_Class::is_instance(java_class), "must be a Class object");
      klassOop k = klassOop(java_class->obj_field(_klass_offset));
      assert(k == NULL || k->is_klass(), "type check");
      return k;
    }
    
    
    void java_lang_Class::set_klass(oop java_class, klassOop klass) {
      assert(java_lang_Class::is_instance(java_class), "must be a Class object");
      java_class->obj_field_put(_klass_offset, klass);
    }
    
    
    void java_lang_Class::print_signature(oop java_class, outputStream* st) {
      assert(java_lang_Class::is_instance(java_class), "must be a Class object");
      Symbol* name = NULL;
      bool is_instance = false;
      if (is_primitive(java_class)) {
        name = vmSymbols::type_signature(primitive_type(java_class));
      } else {
        klassOop k = as_klassOop(java_class);
        is_instance = Klass::cast(k)->oop_is_instance();
        name = Klass::cast(k)->name();
      }
      if (name == NULL) {
        st->print("<null>");
        return;
      }
      if (is_instance)  st->print("L");
      st->write((char*) name->base(), (int) name->utf8_length());
      if (is_instance)  st->print(";");
    }
    
    Symbol* java_lang_Class::as_signature(oop java_class, bool intern_if_not_found, TRAPS) {
      assert(java_lang_Class::is_instance(java_class), "must be a Class object");
      Symbol* name;
      if (is_primitive(java_class)) {
        name = vmSymbols::type_signature(primitive_type(java_class));
        // Because this can create a new symbol, the caller has to decrement
        // the refcount, so make adjustment here and below for symbols returned
        // that are not created or incremented due to a successful lookup.
        name->increment_refcount();
      } else {
        klassOop k = as_klassOop(java_class);
        if (!Klass::cast(k)->oop_is_instance()) {
          name = Klass::cast(k)->name();
          name->increment_refcount();
        } else {
          ResourceMark rm;
          const char* sigstr = Klass::cast(k)->signature_name();
          int         siglen = (int) strlen(sigstr);
          if (!intern_if_not_found) {
            name = SymbolTable::probe(sigstr, siglen);
          } else {
            name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(sigstr, siglen, THREAD);
          }
        }
      }
      return name;
    }
    
    
    klassOop java_lang_Class::array_klass(oop java_class) {
      klassOop k = klassOop(java_class->obj_field(_array_klass_offset));
      assert(k == NULL || k->is_klass() && Klass::cast(k)->oop_is_javaArray(), "should be array klass");
      return k;
    }
    
    
    void java_lang_Class::set_array_klass(oop java_class, klassOop klass) {
      assert(klass->is_klass() && Klass::cast(klass)->oop_is_javaArray(), "should be array klass");
      java_class->obj_field_put(_array_klass_offset, klass);
    }
    
    
    methodOop java_lang_Class::resolved_constructor(oop java_class) {
      oop constructor = java_class->obj_field(_resolved_constructor_offset);
      assert(constructor == NULL || constructor->is_method(), "should be method");
      return methodOop(constructor);
    }
    
    
    void java_lang_Class::set_resolved_constructor(oop java_class, methodOop constructor) {
      assert(constructor->is_method(), "should be method");
      java_class->obj_field_put(_resolved_constructor_offset, constructor);
    }
    
    
    bool java_lang_Class::is_primitive(oop java_class) {
      // should assert:
      //assert(java_lang_Class::is_instance(java_class), "must be a Class object");
      klassOop k = klassOop(java_class->obj_field(_klass_offset));
      return k == NULL;
    }
    
    
    BasicType java_lang_Class::primitive_type(oop java_class) {
      assert(java_lang_Class::is_primitive(java_class), "just checking");
      klassOop ak = klassOop(java_class->obj_field(_array_klass_offset));
      BasicType type = T_VOID;
      if (ak != NULL) {
        // Note: create_basic_type_mirror above initializes ak to a non-null value.
        type = arrayKlass::cast(ak)->element_type();
      } else {
        assert(java_class == Universe::void_mirror(), "only valid non-array primitive");
      }
      assert(Universe::java_mirror(type) == java_class, "must be consistent");
      return type;
    }
    
    BasicType java_lang_Class::as_BasicType(oop java_class, klassOop* reference_klass) {
      assert(java_lang_Class::is_instance(java_class), "must be a Class object");
      if (is_primitive(java_class)) {
        if (reference_klass != NULL)
          (*reference_klass) = NULL;
        return primitive_type(java_class);
      } else {
        if (reference_klass != NULL)
          (*reference_klass) = as_klassOop(java_class);
        return T_OBJECT;
      }
    }
    
    
    oop java_lang_Class::primitive_mirror(BasicType t) {
      oop mirror = Universe::java_mirror(t);
      assert(mirror != NULL && mirror->is_a(SystemDictionary::Class_klass()), "must be a Class");
      assert(java_lang_Class::is_primitive(mirror), "must be primitive");
      return mirror;
    }
    
    bool java_lang_Class::offsets_computed = false;
    int  java_lang_Class::classRedefinedCount_offset = -1;
    
    void java_lang_Class::compute_offsets() {
      assert(!offsets_computed, "offsets should be initialized only once");
      offsets_computed = true;
    
      klassOop klass_oop = SystemDictionary::Class_klass();
      // The classRedefinedCount field is only present starting in 1.5,
      // so don't go fatal.
      compute_optional_offset(classRedefinedCount_offset,
                              klass_oop, vmSymbols::classRedefinedCount_name(), vmSymbols::int_signature());
    
      CLASS_INJECTED_FIELDS(INJECTED_FIELD_COMPUTE_OFFSET);
    }
    
    int java_lang_Class::classRedefinedCount(oop the_class_mirror) {
      if (!JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk15x_version()
          || classRedefinedCount_offset == -1) {
        // The classRedefinedCount field is only present starting in 1.5.
        // If we don't have an offset for it then just return -1 as a marker.
        return -1;
      }
    
      return the_class_mirror->int_field(classRedefinedCount_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_Class::set_classRedefinedCount(oop the_class_mirror, int value) {
      if (!JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk15x_version()
          || classRedefinedCount_offset == -1) {
        // The classRedefinedCount field is only present starting in 1.5.
        // If we don't have an offset for it then nothing to set.
        return;
      }
    
      the_class_mirror->int_field_put(classRedefinedCount_offset, value);
    }
    
    
    // Note: JDK1.1 and before had a privateInfo_offset field which was used for the
    //       platform thread structure, and a eetop offset which was used for thread
    //       local storage (and unused by the HotSpot VM). In JDK1.2 the two structures
    //       merged, so in the HotSpot VM we just use the eetop field for the thread
    //       instead of the privateInfo_offset.
    //
    // Note: The stackSize field is only present starting in 1.4.
    
    int java_lang_Thread::_name_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_Thread::_group_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_Thread::_contextClassLoader_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_Thread::_inheritedAccessControlContext_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_Thread::_priority_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_Thread::_eetop_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_Thread::_daemon_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_Thread::_stillborn_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_Thread::_stackSize_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_Thread::_tid_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_Thread::_thread_status_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_Thread::_park_blocker_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_Thread::_park_event_offset = 0 ;
    
    
    void java_lang_Thread::compute_offsets() {
      assert(_group_offset == 0, "offsets should be initialized only once");
    
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::Thread_klass();
      compute_offset(_name_offset,      k, vmSymbols::name_name(),      vmSymbols::char_array_signature());
      compute_offset(_group_offset,     k, vmSymbols::group_name(),     vmSymbols::threadgroup_signature());
      compute_offset(_contextClassLoader_offset, k, vmSymbols::contextClassLoader_name(), vmSymbols::classloader_signature());
      compute_offset(_inheritedAccessControlContext_offset, k, vmSymbols::inheritedAccessControlContext_name(), vmSymbols::accesscontrolcontext_signature());
      compute_offset(_priority_offset,  k, vmSymbols::priority_name(),  vmSymbols::int_signature());
      compute_offset(_daemon_offset,    k, vmSymbols::daemon_name(),    vmSymbols::bool_signature());
      compute_offset(_eetop_offset,     k, vmSymbols::eetop_name(),     vmSymbols::long_signature());
      compute_offset(_stillborn_offset, k, vmSymbols::stillborn_name(), vmSymbols::bool_signature());
      // The stackSize field is only present starting in 1.4, so don't go fatal.
      compute_optional_offset(_stackSize_offset, k, vmSymbols::stackSize_name(), vmSymbols::long_signature());
      // The tid and thread_status fields are only present starting in 1.5, so don't go fatal.
      compute_optional_offset(_tid_offset, k, vmSymbols::thread_id_name(), vmSymbols::long_signature());
      compute_optional_offset(_thread_status_offset, k, vmSymbols::thread_status_name(), vmSymbols::int_signature());
      // The parkBlocker field is only present starting in 1.6, so don't go fatal.
      compute_optional_offset(_park_blocker_offset, k, vmSymbols::park_blocker_name(), vmSymbols::object_signature());
      compute_optional_offset(_park_event_offset, k, vmSymbols::park_event_name(),
     vmSymbols::long_signature());
    }
    
    
    JavaThread* java_lang_Thread::thread(oop java_thread) {
      return (JavaThread*)java_thread->address_field(_eetop_offset);
    }
    
    
    void java_lang_Thread::set_thread(oop java_thread, JavaThread* thread) {
      java_thread->address_field_put(_eetop_offset, (address)thread);
    }
    
    
    typeArrayOop java_lang_Thread::name(oop java_thread) {
      oop name = java_thread->obj_field(_name_offset);
      assert(name == NULL || (name->is_typeArray() && typeArrayKlass::cast(name->klass())->element_type() == T_CHAR), "just checking");
      return typeArrayOop(name);
    }
    
    
    void java_lang_Thread::set_name(oop java_thread, typeArrayOop name) {
      assert(java_thread->obj_field(_name_offset) == NULL, "name should be NULL");
      java_thread->obj_field_put(_name_offset, name);
    }
    
    
    ThreadPriority java_lang_Thread::priority(oop java_thread) {
      return (ThreadPriority)java_thread->int_field(_priority_offset);
    }
    
    
    void java_lang_Thread::set_priority(oop java_thread, ThreadPriority priority) {
      java_thread->int_field_put(_priority_offset, priority);
    }
    
    
    oop java_lang_Thread::threadGroup(oop java_thread) {
      return java_thread->obj_field(_group_offset);
    }
    
    
    bool java_lang_Thread::is_stillborn(oop java_thread) {
      return java_thread->bool_field(_stillborn_offset) != 0;
    }
    
    
    // We never have reason to turn the stillborn bit off
    void java_lang_Thread::set_stillborn(oop java_thread) {
      java_thread->bool_field_put(_stillborn_offset, true);
    }
    
    
    bool java_lang_Thread::is_alive(oop java_thread) {
      JavaThread* thr = java_lang_Thread::thread(java_thread);
      return (thr != NULL);
    }
    
    
    bool java_lang_Thread::is_daemon(oop java_thread) {
      return java_thread->bool_field(_daemon_offset) != 0;
    }
    
    
    void java_lang_Thread::set_daemon(oop java_thread) {
      java_thread->bool_field_put(_daemon_offset, true);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_Thread::context_class_loader(oop java_thread) {
      return java_thread->obj_field(_contextClassLoader_offset);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_Thread::inherited_access_control_context(oop java_thread) {
      return java_thread->obj_field(_inheritedAccessControlContext_offset);
    }
    
    
    jlong java_lang_Thread::stackSize(oop java_thread) {
      // The stackSize field is only present starting in 1.4
      if (_stackSize_offset > 0) {
        assert(JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk14x_version(), "sanity check");
        return java_thread->long_field(_stackSize_offset);
      } else {
        return 0;
      }
    }
    
    // Write the thread status value to threadStatus field in java.lang.Thread java class.
    void java_lang_Thread::set_thread_status(oop java_thread,
                                             java_lang_Thread::ThreadStatus status) {
      assert(JavaThread::current()->thread_state() == _thread_in_vm, "Java Thread is not running in vm");
      // The threadStatus is only present starting in 1.5
      if (_thread_status_offset > 0) {
        java_thread->int_field_put(_thread_status_offset, status);
      }
    }
    
    // Read thread status value from threadStatus field in java.lang.Thread java class.
    java_lang_Thread::ThreadStatus java_lang_Thread::get_thread_status(oop java_thread) {
      assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread() ||
             JavaThread::current()->thread_state() == _thread_in_vm,
             "Java Thread is not running in vm");
      // The threadStatus is only present starting in 1.5
      if (_thread_status_offset > 0) {
        return (java_lang_Thread::ThreadStatus)java_thread->int_field(_thread_status_offset);
      } else {
        // All we can easily figure out is if it is alive, but that is
        // enough info for a valid unknown status.
        // These aren't restricted to valid set ThreadStatus values, so
        // use JVMTI values and cast.
        JavaThread* thr = java_lang_Thread::thread(java_thread);
        if (thr == NULL) {
          // the thread hasn't run yet or is in the process of exiting
          return NEW;
        }
        return (java_lang_Thread::ThreadStatus)JVMTI_THREAD_STATE_ALIVE;
      }
    }
    
    
    jlong java_lang_Thread::thread_id(oop java_thread) {
      // The thread ID field is only present starting in 1.5
      if (_tid_offset > 0) {
        return java_thread->long_field(_tid_offset);
      } else {
        return 0;
      }
    }
    
    oop java_lang_Thread::park_blocker(oop java_thread) {
      assert(JDK_Version::current().supports_thread_park_blocker() &&
             _park_blocker_offset != 0, "Must support parkBlocker field");
    
      if (_park_blocker_offset > 0) {
        return java_thread->obj_field(_park_blocker_offset);
      }
    
      return NULL;
    }
    
    jlong java_lang_Thread::park_event(oop java_thread) {
      if (_park_event_offset > 0) {
        return java_thread->long_field(_park_event_offset);
      }
      return 0;
    }
    
    bool java_lang_Thread::set_park_event(oop java_thread, jlong ptr) {
      if (_park_event_offset > 0) {
        java_thread->long_field_put(_park_event_offset, ptr);
        return true;
      }
      return false;
    }
    
    
    const char* java_lang_Thread::thread_status_name(oop java_thread) {
      assert(JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk15x_version() && _thread_status_offset != 0, "Must have thread status");
      ThreadStatus status = (java_lang_Thread::ThreadStatus)java_thread->int_field(_thread_status_offset);
      switch (status) {
        case NEW                      : return "NEW";
        case RUNNABLE                 : return "RUNNABLE";
        case SLEEPING                 : return "TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)";
        case IN_OBJECT_WAIT           : return "WAITING (on object monitor)";
        case IN_OBJECT_WAIT_TIMED     : return "TIMED_WAITING (on object monitor)";
        case PARKED                   : return "WAITING (parking)";
        case PARKED_TIMED             : return "TIMED_WAITING (parking)";
        case BLOCKED_ON_MONITOR_ENTER : return "BLOCKED (on object monitor)";
        case TERMINATED               : return "TERMINATED";
        default                       : return "UNKNOWN";
      };
    }
    int java_lang_ThreadGroup::_parent_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_ThreadGroup::_name_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_ThreadGroup::_threads_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_ThreadGroup::_groups_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_ThreadGroup::_maxPriority_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_ThreadGroup::_destroyed_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_ThreadGroup::_daemon_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_ThreadGroup::_vmAllowSuspension_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_ThreadGroup::_nthreads_offset = 0;
    int java_lang_ThreadGroup::_ngroups_offset = 0;
    
    oop  java_lang_ThreadGroup::parent(oop java_thread_group) {
      assert(java_thread_group->is_oop(), "thread group must be oop");
      return java_thread_group->obj_field(_parent_offset);
    }
    
    // ("name as oop" accessor is not necessary)
    
    typeArrayOop java_lang_ThreadGroup::name(oop java_thread_group) {
      oop name = java_thread_group->obj_field(_name_offset);
      // ThreadGroup.name can be null
      return name == NULL ? (typeArrayOop)NULL : java_lang_String::value(name);
    }
    
    int java_lang_ThreadGroup::nthreads(oop java_thread_group) {
      assert(java_thread_group->is_oop(), "thread group must be oop");
      return java_thread_group->int_field(_nthreads_offset);
    }
    
    objArrayOop java_lang_ThreadGroup::threads(oop java_thread_group) {
      oop threads = java_thread_group->obj_field(_threads_offset);
      assert(threads != NULL, "threadgroups should have threads");
      assert(threads->is_objArray(), "just checking"); // Todo: Add better type checking code
      return objArrayOop(threads);
    }
    
    int java_lang_ThreadGroup::ngroups(oop java_thread_group) {
      assert(java_thread_group->is_oop(), "thread group must be oop");
      return java_thread_group->int_field(_ngroups_offset);
    }
    
    objArrayOop java_lang_ThreadGroup::groups(oop java_thread_group) {
      oop groups = java_thread_group->obj_field(_groups_offset);
      assert(groups == NULL || groups->is_objArray(), "just checking"); // Todo: Add better type checking code
      return objArrayOop(groups);
    }
    
    ThreadPriority java_lang_ThreadGroup::maxPriority(oop java_thread_group) {
      assert(java_thread_group->is_oop(), "thread group must be oop");
      return (ThreadPriority) java_thread_group->int_field(_maxPriority_offset);
    }
    
    bool java_lang_ThreadGroup::is_destroyed(oop java_thread_group) {
      assert(java_thread_group->is_oop(), "thread group must be oop");
      return java_thread_group->bool_field(_destroyed_offset) != 0;
    }
    
    bool java_lang_ThreadGroup::is_daemon(oop java_thread_group) {
      assert(java_thread_group->is_oop(), "thread group must be oop");
      return java_thread_group->bool_field(_daemon_offset) != 0;
    }
    
    bool java_lang_ThreadGroup::is_vmAllowSuspension(oop java_thread_group) {
      assert(java_thread_group->is_oop(), "thread group must be oop");
      return java_thread_group->bool_field(_vmAllowSuspension_offset) != 0;
    }
    
    void java_lang_ThreadGroup::compute_offsets() {
      assert(_parent_offset == 0, "offsets should be initialized only once");
    
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::ThreadGroup_klass();
    
      compute_offset(_parent_offset,      k, vmSymbols::parent_name(),      vmSymbols::threadgroup_signature());
      compute_offset(_name_offset,        k, vmSymbols::name_name(),        vmSymbols::string_signature());
      compute_offset(_threads_offset,     k, vmSymbols::threads_name(),     vmSymbols::thread_array_signature());
      compute_offset(_groups_offset,      k, vmSymbols::groups_name(),      vmSymbols::threadgroup_array_signature());
      compute_offset(_maxPriority_offset, k, vmSymbols::maxPriority_name(), vmSymbols::int_signature());
      compute_offset(_destroyed_offset,   k, vmSymbols::destroyed_name(),   vmSymbols::bool_signature());
      compute_offset(_daemon_offset,      k, vmSymbols::daemon_name(),      vmSymbols::bool_signature());
      compute_offset(_vmAllowSuspension_offset, k, vmSymbols::vmAllowSuspension_name(), vmSymbols::bool_signature());
      compute_offset(_nthreads_offset,    k, vmSymbols::nthreads_name(),    vmSymbols::int_signature());
      compute_offset(_ngroups_offset,     k, vmSymbols::ngroups_name(),     vmSymbols::int_signature());
    }
    
    oop java_lang_Throwable::unassigned_stacktrace() {
      instanceKlass* ik = instanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Throwable_klass());
      address addr = ik->static_field_addr(static_unassigned_stacktrace_offset);
      if (UseCompressedOops) {
        return oopDesc::load_decode_heap_oop((narrowOop *)addr);
      } else {
        return oopDesc::load_decode_heap_oop((oop*)addr);
      }
    }
    
    oop java_lang_Throwable::backtrace(oop throwable) {
      return throwable->obj_field_acquire(backtrace_offset);
    }
    
    
    void java_lang_Throwable::set_backtrace(oop throwable, oop value) {
      throwable->release_obj_field_put(backtrace_offset, value);
    }
    
    
    oop java_lang_Throwable::message(oop throwable) {
      return throwable->obj_field(detailMessage_offset);
    }
    
    
    oop java_lang_Throwable::message(Handle throwable) {
      return throwable->obj_field(detailMessage_offset);
    }
    
    
    void java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oop throwable, oop value) {
      throwable->obj_field_put(detailMessage_offset, value);
    }
    
    
    void java_lang_Throwable::set_stacktrace(oop throwable, oop st_element_array) {
      throwable->obj_field_put(stackTrace_offset, st_element_array);
    }
    
    void java_lang_Throwable::clear_stacktrace(oop throwable) {
      assert(JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk14x_version(), "should only be called in >= 1.4");
      set_stacktrace(throwable, NULL);
    }
    
    
    void java_lang_Throwable::print(oop throwable, outputStream* st) {
      ResourceMark rm;
      klassOop k = throwable->klass();
      assert(k != NULL, "just checking");
      st->print("%s", instanceKlass::cast(k)->external_name());
      oop msg = message(throwable);
      if (msg != NULL) {
        st->print(": %s", java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(msg));
      }
    }
    
    
    void java_lang_Throwable::print(Handle throwable, outputStream* st) {
      ResourceMark rm;
      klassOop k = throwable->klass();
      assert(k != NULL, "just checking");
      st->print("%s", instanceKlass::cast(k)->external_name());
      oop msg = message(throwable);
      if (msg != NULL) {
        st->print(": %s", java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(msg));
      }
    }
    
    // Print stack trace element to resource allocated buffer
    char* java_lang_Throwable::print_stack_element_to_buffer(methodOop method, int bci) {
      // Get strings and string lengths
      instanceKlass* klass = instanceKlass::cast(method->method_holder());
      const char* klass_name  = klass->external_name();
      int buf_len = (int)strlen(klass_name);
      char* source_file_name;
      if (klass->source_file_name() == NULL) {
        source_file_name = NULL;
      } else {
        source_file_name = klass->source_file_name()->as_C_string();
        buf_len += (int)strlen(source_file_name);
      }
      char* method_name = method->name()->as_C_string();
      buf_len += (int)strlen(method_name);
    
      // Allocate temporary buffer with extra space for formatting and line number
      char* buf = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, buf_len + 64);
    
      // Print stack trace line in buffer
      sprintf(buf, "\tat %s.%s", klass_name, method_name);
      if (method->is_native()) {
        strcat(buf, "(Native Method)");
      } else {
        int line_number = method->line_number_from_bci(bci);
        if (source_file_name != NULL && (line_number != -1)) {
          // Sourcename and linenumber
          sprintf(buf + (int)strlen(buf), "(%s:%d)", source_file_name, line_number);
        } else if (source_file_name != NULL) {
          // Just sourcename
          sprintf(buf + (int)strlen(buf), "(%s)", source_file_name);
        } else {
          // Neither soucename and linenumber
          sprintf(buf + (int)strlen(buf), "(Unknown Source)");
        }
        nmethod* nm = method->code();
        if (WizardMode && nm != NULL) {
          sprintf(buf + (int)strlen(buf), "(nmethod " INTPTR_FORMAT ")", (intptr_t)nm);
        }
      }
    
      return buf;
    }
    
    
    void java_lang_Throwable::print_stack_element(Handle stream, methodOop method, int bci) {
      ResourceMark rm;
      char* buf = print_stack_element_to_buffer(method, bci);
      print_to_stream(stream, buf);
    }
    
    void java_lang_Throwable::print_stack_element(outputStream *st, methodOop method, int bci) {
      ResourceMark rm;
      char* buf = print_stack_element_to_buffer(method, bci);
      st->print_cr("%s", buf);
    }
    
    void java_lang_Throwable::print_to_stream(Handle stream, const char* str) {
      if (stream.is_null()) {
        tty->print_cr("%s", str);
      } else {
        EXCEPTION_MARK;
        JavaValue result(T_VOID);
        Handle arg (THREAD, oopFactory::new_charArray(str, THREAD));
        if (!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
          JavaCalls::call_virtual(&result,
                                  stream,
                                  KlassHandle(THREAD, stream->klass()),
                                  vmSymbols::println_name(),
                                  vmSymbols::char_array_void_signature(),
                                  arg,
                                  THREAD);
        }
        // Ignore any exceptions. we are in the middle of exception handling. Same as classic VM.
        if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
      }
    
    }
    
    
    const char* java_lang_Throwable::no_stack_trace_message() {
      return "\t<<no stack trace available>>";
    }
    
    
    // Currently used only for exceptions occurring during startup
    void java_lang_Throwable::print_stack_trace(oop throwable, outputStream* st) {
      Thread *THREAD = Thread::current();
      Handle h_throwable(THREAD, throwable);
      while (h_throwable.not_null()) {
        objArrayHandle result (THREAD, objArrayOop(backtrace(h_throwable())));
        if (result.is_null()) {
          st->print_cr(no_stack_trace_message());
          return;
        }
    
        while (result.not_null()) {
          objArrayHandle methods (THREAD,
                                  objArrayOop(result->obj_at(trace_methods_offset)));
          typeArrayHandle bcis (THREAD,
                                typeArrayOop(result->obj_at(trace_bcis_offset)));
    
          if (methods.is_null() || bcis.is_null()) {
            st->print_cr(no_stack_trace_message());
            return;
          }
    
          int length = methods()->length();
          for (int index = 0; index < length; index++) {
            methodOop method = methodOop(methods()->obj_at(index));
            if (method == NULL) goto handle_cause;
            int bci = bcis->ushort_at(index);
            print_stack_element(st, method, bci);
          }
          result = objArrayHandle(THREAD, objArrayOop(result->obj_at(trace_next_offset)));
        }
      handle_cause:
        {
          EXCEPTION_MARK;
          JavaValue result(T_OBJECT);
          JavaCalls::call_virtual(&result,
                                  h_throwable,
                                  KlassHandle(THREAD, h_throwable->klass()),
                                  vmSymbols::getCause_name(),
                                  vmSymbols::void_throwable_signature(),
                                  THREAD);
          // Ignore any exceptions. we are in the middle of exception handling. Same as classic VM.
          if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
            CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
            h_throwable = Handle();
          } else {
            h_throwable = Handle(THREAD, (oop) result.get_jobject());
            if (h_throwable.not_null()) {
              st->print("Caused by: ");
              print(h_throwable, st);
              st->cr();
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    
    
    void java_lang_Throwable::print_stack_trace(oop throwable, oop print_stream) {
      // Note: this is no longer used in Merlin, but we support it for compatibility.
      Thread *thread = Thread::current();
      Handle stream(thread, print_stream);
      objArrayHandle result (thread, objArrayOop(backtrace(throwable)));
      if (result.is_null()) {
        print_to_stream(stream, no_stack_trace_message());
        return;
      }
    
      while (result.not_null()) {
        objArrayHandle methods (thread,
                                objArrayOop(result->obj_at(trace_methods_offset)));
        typeArrayHandle bcis (thread,
                              typeArrayOop(result->obj_at(trace_bcis_offset)));
    
        if (methods.is_null() || bcis.is_null()) {
          print_to_stream(stream, no_stack_trace_message());
          return;
        }
    
        int length = methods()->length();
        for (int index = 0; index < length; index++) {
          methodOop method = methodOop(methods()->obj_at(index));
          if (method == NULL) return;
          int bci = bcis->ushort_at(index);
          print_stack_element(stream, method, bci);
        }
        result = objArrayHandle(thread, objArrayOop(result->obj_at(trace_next_offset)));
      }
    }
    
    // This class provides a simple wrapper over the internal structure of
    // exception backtrace to insulate users of the backtrace from needing
    // to know what it looks like.
    class BacktraceBuilder: public StackObj {
     private:
      Handle          _backtrace;
      objArrayOop     _head;
      objArrayOop     _methods;
      typeArrayOop    _bcis;
      int             _index;
      No_Safepoint_Verifier _nsv;
    
     public:
    
      enum {
        trace_methods_offset = java_lang_Throwable::trace_methods_offset,
        trace_bcis_offset    = java_lang_Throwable::trace_bcis_offset,
        trace_next_offset    = java_lang_Throwable::trace_next_offset,
        trace_size           = java_lang_Throwable::trace_size,
        trace_chunk_size     = java_lang_Throwable::trace_chunk_size
      };
    
      // constructor for new backtrace
      BacktraceBuilder(TRAPS): _methods(NULL), _bcis(NULL), _head(NULL) {
        expand(CHECK);
        _backtrace = _head;
        _index = 0;
      }
    
      void expand(TRAPS) {
        objArrayHandle old_head(THREAD, _head);
        Pause_No_Safepoint_Verifier pnsv(&_nsv);
    
        objArrayOop head = oopFactory::new_objectArray(trace_size, CHECK);
        objArrayHandle new_head(THREAD, head);
    
        objArrayOop methods = oopFactory::new_objectArray(trace_chunk_size, CHECK);
        objArrayHandle new_methods(THREAD, methods);
    
        typeArrayOop bcis = oopFactory::new_shortArray(trace_chunk_size, CHECK);
        typeArrayHandle new_bcis(THREAD, bcis);
    
        if (!old_head.is_null()) {
          old_head->obj_at_put(trace_next_offset, new_head());
        }
        new_head->obj_at_put(trace_methods_offset, new_methods());
        new_head->obj_at_put(trace_bcis_offset, new_bcis());
    
        _head    = new_head();
        _methods = new_methods();
        _bcis    = new_bcis();
        _index = 0;
      }
    
      oop backtrace() {
        return _backtrace();
      }
    
      inline void push(methodOop method, int bci, TRAPS) {
        // Smear the -1 bci to 0 since the array only holds unsigned
        // shorts.  The later line number lookup would just smear the -1
        // to a 0 even if it could be recorded.
        if (bci == SynchronizationEntryBCI) bci = 0;
        assert(bci == (jushort)bci, "doesn't fit");
    
        if (_index >= trace_chunk_size) {
          methodHandle mhandle(THREAD, method);
          expand(CHECK);
          method = mhandle();
        }
    
        _methods->obj_at_put(_index, method);
        _bcis->ushort_at_put(_index, bci);
        _index++;
      }
    
      methodOop current_method() {
        assert(_index >= 0 && _index < trace_chunk_size, "out of range");
        return methodOop(_methods->obj_at(_index));
      }
    
      jushort current_bci() {
        assert(_index >= 0 && _index < trace_chunk_size, "out of range");
        return _bcis->ushort_at(_index);
      }
    };
    
    
    void java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace(Handle throwable, methodHandle method, TRAPS) {
      if (!StackTraceInThrowable) return;
      ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
    
      // Start out by clearing the backtrace for this object, in case the VM
      // runs out of memory while allocating the stack trace
      set_backtrace(throwable(), NULL);
      if (JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk14x_version()) {
        // New since 1.4, clear lazily constructed Java level stacktrace if
        // refilling occurs
        // This is unnecessary in 1.7+ but harmless
        clear_stacktrace(throwable());
      }
    
      int max_depth = MaxJavaStackTraceDepth;
      JavaThread* thread = (JavaThread*)THREAD;
      BacktraceBuilder bt(CHECK);
    
      // If there is no Java frame just return the method that was being called
      // with bci 0
      if (!thread->has_last_Java_frame()) {
        if (max_depth >= 1 && method() != NULL) {
          bt.push(method(), 0, CHECK);
          set_backtrace(throwable(), bt.backtrace());
        }
        return;
      }
    
      // Instead of using vframe directly, this version of fill_in_stack_trace
      // basically handles everything by hand. This significantly improved the
      // speed of this method call up to 28.5% on Solaris sparc. 27.1% on Windows.
      // See bug 6333838 for  more details.
      // The "ASSERT" here is to verify this method generates the exactly same stack
      // trace as utilizing vframe.
    #ifdef ASSERT
      vframeStream st(thread);
      methodHandle st_method(THREAD, st.method());
    #endif
      int total_count = 0;
      RegisterMap map(thread, false);
      int decode_offset = 0;
      nmethod* nm = NULL;
      bool skip_fillInStackTrace_check = false;
      bool skip_throwableInit_check = false;
    
      for (frame fr = thread->last_frame(); max_depth != total_count;) {
        methodOop method = NULL;
        int bci = 0;
    
        // Compiled java method case.
        if (decode_offset != 0) {
          DebugInfoReadStream stream(nm, decode_offset);
          decode_offset = stream.read_int();
          method = (methodOop)nm->oop_at(stream.read_int());
          bci = stream.read_bci();
        } else {
          if (fr.is_first_frame()) break;
          address pc = fr.pc();
          if (fr.is_interpreted_frame()) {
            intptr_t bcx = fr.interpreter_frame_bcx();
            method = fr.interpreter_frame_method();
            bci =  fr.is_bci(bcx) ? bcx : method->bci_from((address)bcx);
            fr = fr.sender(&map);
          } else {
            CodeBlob* cb = fr.cb();
            // HMMM QQQ might be nice to have frame return nm as NULL if cb is non-NULL
            // but non nmethod
            fr = fr.sender(&map);
            if (cb == NULL || !cb->is_nmethod()) {
              continue;
            }
            nm = (nmethod*)cb;
            if (nm->method()->is_native()) {
              method = nm->method();
              bci = 0;
            } else {
              PcDesc* pd = nm->pc_desc_at(pc);
              decode_offset = pd->scope_decode_offset();
              // if decode_offset is not equal to 0, it will execute the
              // "compiled java method case" at the beginning of the loop.
              continue;
            }
          }
        }
    #ifdef ASSERT
        assert(st_method() == method && st.bci() == bci,
               "Wrong stack trace");
        st.next();
        // vframeStream::method isn't GC-safe so store off a copy
        // of the methodOop in case we GC.
        if (!st.at_end()) {
          st_method = st.method();
        }
    #endif
    
        // the format of the stacktrace will be:
        // - 1 or more fillInStackTrace frames for the exception class (skipped)
        // - 0 or more <init> methods for the exception class (skipped)
        // - rest of the stack
    
        if (!skip_fillInStackTrace_check) {
          if ((method->name() == vmSymbols::fillInStackTrace_name() ||
               method->name() == vmSymbols::fillInStackTrace0_name()) &&
              throwable->is_a(method->method_holder())) {
            continue;
          }
          else {
            skip_fillInStackTrace_check = true; // gone past them all
          }
        }
        if (!skip_throwableInit_check) {
          assert(skip_fillInStackTrace_check, "logic error in backtrace filtering");
    
          // skip <init> methods of the exception class and superclasses
          // This is simlar to classic VM.
          if (method->name() == vmSymbols::object_initializer_name() &&
              throwable->is_a(method->method_holder())) {
            continue;
          } else {
            // there are none or we've seen them all - either way stop checking
            skip_throwableInit_check = true;
          }
        }
        bt.push(method, bci, CHECK);
        total_count++;
      }
    
      // Put completed stack trace into throwable object
      set_backtrace(throwable(), bt.backtrace());
    }
    
    void java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace(Handle throwable, methodHandle method) {
      // No-op if stack trace is disabled
      if (!StackTraceInThrowable) {
        return;
      }
    
      // Disable stack traces for some preallocated out of memory errors
      if (!Universe::should_fill_in_stack_trace(throwable)) {
        return;
      }
    
      PRESERVE_EXCEPTION_MARK;
    
      JavaThread* thread = JavaThread::active();
      fill_in_stack_trace(throwable, method, thread);
      // ignore exceptions thrown during stack trace filling
      CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
    }
    
    void java_lang_Throwable::allocate_backtrace(Handle throwable, TRAPS) {
      // Allocate stack trace - backtrace is created but not filled in
    
      // No-op if stack trace is disabled
      if (!StackTraceInThrowable) return;
    
      objArrayOop h_oop = oopFactory::new_objectArray(trace_size, CHECK);
      objArrayHandle backtrace  (THREAD, h_oop);
      objArrayOop m_oop = oopFactory::new_objectArray(trace_chunk_size, CHECK);
      objArrayHandle methods (THREAD, m_oop);
      typeArrayOop b = oopFactory::new_shortArray(trace_chunk_size, CHECK);
      typeArrayHandle bcis(THREAD, b);
    
      // backtrace has space for one chunk (next is NULL)
      backtrace->obj_at_put(trace_methods_offset, methods());
      backtrace->obj_at_put(trace_bcis_offset, bcis());
      set_backtrace(throwable(), backtrace());
    }
    
    
    void java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace_of_preallocated_backtrace(Handle throwable) {
      // Fill in stack trace into preallocated backtrace (no GC)
    
      // No-op if stack trace is disabled
      if (!StackTraceInThrowable) return;
    
      assert(throwable->is_a(SystemDictionary::Throwable_klass()), "sanity check");
    
      oop backtrace = java_lang_Throwable::backtrace(throwable());
      assert(backtrace != NULL, "backtrace not preallocated");
    
      oop m = objArrayOop(backtrace)->obj_at(trace_methods_offset);
      objArrayOop methods = objArrayOop(m);
      assert(methods != NULL && methods->length() > 0, "method array not preallocated");
    
      oop b = objArrayOop(backtrace)->obj_at(trace_bcis_offset);
      typeArrayOop bcis = typeArrayOop(b);
      assert(bcis != NULL, "bci array not preallocated");
    
      assert(methods->length() == bcis->length(), "method and bci arrays should match");
    
      JavaThread* thread = JavaThread::current();
      ResourceMark rm(thread);
      vframeStream st(thread);
    
      // Unlike fill_in_stack_trace we do not skip fillInStackTrace or throwable init
      // methods as preallocated errors aren't created by "java" code.
    
      // fill in as much stack trace as possible
      int max_chunks = MIN2(methods->length(), (int)MaxJavaStackTraceDepth);
      int chunk_count = 0;
    
      for (;!st.at_end(); st.next()) {
        // Add entry and smear the -1 bci to 0 since the array only holds
        // unsigned shorts.  The later line number lookup would just smear
        // the -1 to a 0 even if it could be recorded.
        int bci = st.bci();
        if (bci == SynchronizationEntryBCI) bci = 0;
        assert(bci == (jushort)bci, "doesn't fit");
        bcis->ushort_at_put(chunk_count, bci);
        methods->obj_at_put(chunk_count, st.method());
    
        chunk_count++;
    
        // Bail-out for deep stacks
        if (chunk_count >= max_chunks) break;
      }
    
      // For Java 7+ we support the Throwable immutability protocol defined for Java 7. This support
      // was missing in 7u0 so in 7u0 there is a workaround in the Throwable class. That workaround
      // can be removed in a JDK using this JVM version
      if (JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk17x_version()) {
          java_lang_Throwable::set_stacktrace(throwable(), java_lang_Throwable::unassigned_stacktrace());
          assert(java_lang_Throwable::unassigned_stacktrace() != NULL, "not initialized");
      }
    
    }
    
    
    int java_lang_Throwable::get_stack_trace_depth(oop throwable, TRAPS) {
      if (throwable == NULL) {
        THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
      }
      objArrayOop chunk = objArrayOop(backtrace(throwable));
      int depth = 0;
      if (chunk != NULL) {
        // Iterate over chunks and count full ones
        while (true) {
          objArrayOop next = objArrayOop(chunk->obj_at(trace_next_offset));
          if (next == NULL) break;
          depth += trace_chunk_size;
          chunk = next;
        }
        assert(chunk != NULL && chunk->obj_at(trace_next_offset) == NULL, "sanity check");
        // Count element in remaining partial chunk
        objArrayOop methods = objArrayOop(chunk->obj_at(trace_methods_offset));
        typeArrayOop bcis = typeArrayOop(chunk->obj_at(trace_bcis_offset));
        assert(methods != NULL && bcis != NULL, "sanity check");
        for (int i = 0; i < methods->length(); i++) {
          if (methods->obj_at(i) == NULL) break;
          depth++;
        }
      }
      return depth;
    }
    
    
    oop java_lang_Throwable::get_stack_trace_element(oop throwable, int index, TRAPS) {
      if (throwable == NULL) {
        THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
      }
      if (index < 0) {
        THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_IndexOutOfBoundsException(), NULL);
      }
      // Compute how many chunks to skip and index into actual chunk
      objArrayOop chunk = objArrayOop(backtrace(throwable));
      int skip_chunks = index / trace_chunk_size;
      int chunk_index = index % trace_chunk_size;
      while (chunk != NULL && skip_chunks > 0) {
        chunk = objArrayOop(chunk->obj_at(trace_next_offset));
            skip_chunks--;
      }
      if (chunk == NULL) {
        THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_IndexOutOfBoundsException(), NULL);
      }
      // Get method,bci from chunk
      objArrayOop methods = objArrayOop(chunk->obj_at(trace_methods_offset));
      typeArrayOop bcis = typeArrayOop(chunk->obj_at(trace_bcis_offset));
      assert(methods != NULL && bcis != NULL, "sanity check");
      methodHandle method(THREAD, methodOop(methods->obj_at(chunk_index)));
      int bci = bcis->ushort_at(chunk_index);
      // Chunk can be partial full
      if (method.is_null()) {
        THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_IndexOutOfBoundsException(), NULL);
      }
    
      oop element = java_lang_StackTraceElement::create(method, bci, CHECK_0);
      return element;
    }
    
    oop java_lang_StackTraceElement::create(methodHandle method, int bci, TRAPS) {
      // SystemDictionary::stackTraceElement_klass() will be null for pre-1.4 JDKs
      assert(JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk14x_version(), "should only be called in >= 1.4");
    
      // Allocate java.lang.StackTraceElement instance
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::StackTraceElement_klass();
      assert(k != NULL, "must be loaded in 1.4+");
      instanceKlassHandle ik (THREAD, k);
      if (ik->should_be_initialized()) {
        ik->initialize(CHECK_0);
      }
    
      Handle element = ik->allocate_instance_handle(CHECK_0);
      // Fill in class name
      ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
      const char* str = instanceKlass::cast(method->method_holder())->external_name();
      oop classname = StringTable::intern((char*) str, CHECK_0);
      java_lang_StackTraceElement::set_declaringClass(element(), classname);
      // Fill in method name
      oop methodname = StringTable::intern(method->name(), CHECK_0);
      java_lang_StackTraceElement::set_methodName(element(), methodname);
      // Fill in source file name
      Symbol* source = instanceKlass::cast(method->method_holder())->source_file_name();
      oop filename = StringTable::intern(source, CHECK_0);
      java_lang_StackTraceElement::set_fileName(element(), filename);
      // File in source line number
      int line_number;
      if (method->is_native()) {
        // Negative value different from -1 below, enabling Java code in
        // class java.lang.StackTraceElement to distinguish "native" from
        // "no LineNumberTable".
        line_number = -2;
      } else {
        // Returns -1 if no LineNumberTable, and otherwise actual line number
        line_number = method->line_number_from_bci(bci);
      }
      java_lang_StackTraceElement::set_lineNumber(element(), line_number);
    
      return element();
    }
    
    
    void java_lang_reflect_AccessibleObject::compute_offsets() {
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::reflect_AccessibleObject_klass();
      compute_offset(override_offset, k, vmSymbols::override_name(), vmSymbols::bool_signature());
    }
    
    jboolean java_lang_reflect_AccessibleObject::override(oop reflect) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      return (jboolean) reflect->bool_field(override_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_AccessibleObject::set_override(oop reflect, jboolean value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      reflect->bool_field_put(override_offset, (int) value);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Method::compute_offsets() {
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::reflect_Method_klass();
      compute_offset(clazz_offset,          k, vmSymbols::clazz_name(),          vmSymbols::class_signature());
      compute_offset(name_offset,           k, vmSymbols::name_name(),           vmSymbols::string_signature());
      compute_offset(returnType_offset,     k, vmSymbols::returnType_name(),     vmSymbols::class_signature());
      compute_offset(parameterTypes_offset, k, vmSymbols::parameterTypes_name(), vmSymbols::class_array_signature());
      compute_offset(exceptionTypes_offset, k, vmSymbols::exceptionTypes_name(), vmSymbols::class_array_signature());
      compute_offset(slot_offset,           k, vmSymbols::slot_name(),           vmSymbols::int_signature());
      compute_offset(modifiers_offset,      k, vmSymbols::modifiers_name(),      vmSymbols::int_signature());
      // The generic signature and annotations fields are only present in 1.5
      signature_offset = -1;
      annotations_offset = -1;
      parameter_annotations_offset = -1;
      annotation_default_offset = -1;
      compute_optional_offset(signature_offset,             k, vmSymbols::signature_name(),             vmSymbols::string_signature());
      compute_optional_offset(annotations_offset,           k, vmSymbols::annotations_name(),           vmSymbols::byte_array_signature());
      compute_optional_offset(parameter_annotations_offset, k, vmSymbols::parameter_annotations_name(), vmSymbols::byte_array_signature());
      compute_optional_offset(annotation_default_offset,    k, vmSymbols::annotation_default_name(),    vmSymbols::byte_array_signature());
    }
    
    Handle java_lang_reflect_Method::create(TRAPS) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      klassOop klass = SystemDictionary::reflect_Method_klass();
      // This class is eagerly initialized during VM initialization, since we keep a refence
      // to one of the methods
      assert(instanceKlass::cast(klass)->is_initialized(), "must be initialized");
      return instanceKlass::cast(klass)->allocate_instance_handle(CHECK_NH);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_reflect_Method::clazz(oop reflect) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      return reflect->obj_field(clazz_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_clazz(oop reflect, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
       reflect->obj_field_put(clazz_offset, value);
    }
    
    int java_lang_reflect_Method::slot(oop reflect) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      return reflect->int_field(slot_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_slot(oop reflect, int value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      reflect->int_field_put(slot_offset, value);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_reflect_Method::name(oop method) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      return method->obj_field(name_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_name(oop method, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      method->obj_field_put(name_offset, value);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_reflect_Method::return_type(oop method) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      return method->obj_field(returnType_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_return_type(oop method, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      method->obj_field_put(returnType_offset, value);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_reflect_Method::parameter_types(oop method) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      return method->obj_field(parameterTypes_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_parameter_types(oop method, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      method->obj_field_put(parameterTypes_offset, value);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_reflect_Method::exception_types(oop method) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      return method->obj_field(exceptionTypes_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_exception_types(oop method, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      method->obj_field_put(exceptionTypes_offset, value);
    }
    
    int java_lang_reflect_Method::modifiers(oop method) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      return method->int_field(modifiers_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_modifiers(oop method, int value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      method->int_field_put(modifiers_offset, value);
    }
    
    bool java_lang_reflect_Method::has_signature_field() {
      return (signature_offset >= 0);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_reflect_Method::signature(oop method) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      assert(has_signature_field(), "signature field must be present");
      return method->obj_field(signature_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_signature(oop method, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      assert(has_signature_field(), "signature field must be present");
      method->obj_field_put(signature_offset, value);
    }
    
    bool java_lang_reflect_Method::has_annotations_field() {
      return (annotations_offset >= 0);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_reflect_Method::annotations(oop method) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      assert(has_annotations_field(), "annotations field must be present");
      return method->obj_field(annotations_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_annotations(oop method, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      assert(has_annotations_field(), "annotations field must be present");
      method->obj_field_put(annotations_offset, value);
    }
    
    bool java_lang_reflect_Method::has_parameter_annotations_field() {
      return (parameter_annotations_offset >= 0);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_reflect_Method::parameter_annotations(oop method) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      assert(has_parameter_annotations_field(), "parameter annotations field must be present");
      return method->obj_field(parameter_annotations_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_parameter_annotations(oop method, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      assert(has_parameter_annotations_field(), "parameter annotations field must be present");
      method->obj_field_put(parameter_annotations_offset, value);
    }
    
    bool java_lang_reflect_Method::has_annotation_default_field() {
      return (annotation_default_offset >= 0);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_reflect_Method::annotation_default(oop method) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      assert(has_annotation_default_field(), "annotation default field must be present");
      return method->obj_field(annotation_default_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Method::set_annotation_default(oop method, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      assert(has_annotation_default_field(), "annotation default field must be present");
      method->obj_field_put(annotation_default_offset, value);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Constructor::compute_offsets() {
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::reflect_Constructor_klass();
      compute_offset(clazz_offset,          k, vmSymbols::clazz_name(),          vmSymbols::class_signature());
      compute_offset(parameterTypes_offset, k, vmSymbols::parameterTypes_name(), vmSymbols::class_array_signature());
      compute_offset(exceptionTypes_offset, k, vmSymbols::exceptionTypes_name(), vmSymbols::class_array_signature());
      compute_offset(slot_offset,           k, vmSymbols::slot_name(),           vmSymbols::int_signature());
      compute_offset(modifiers_offset,      k, vmSymbols::modifiers_name(),      vmSymbols::int_signature());
      // The generic signature and annotations fields are only present in 1.5
      signature_offset = -1;
      annotations_offset = -1;
      parameter_annotations_offset = -1;
      compute_optional_offset(signature_offset,             k, vmSymbols::signature_name(),             vmSymbols::string_signature());
      compute_optional_offset(annotations_offset,           k, vmSymbols::annotations_name(),           vmSymbols::byte_array_signature());
      compute_optional_offset(parameter_annotations_offset, k, vmSymbols::parameter_annotations_name(), vmSymbols::byte_array_signature());
    }
    
    Handle java_lang_reflect_Constructor::create(TRAPS) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      Symbol* name = vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_Constructor();
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(name, true, CHECK_NH);
      instanceKlassHandle klass (THREAD, k);
      // Ensure it is initialized
      klass->initialize(CHECK_NH);
      return klass->allocate_instance_handle(CHECK_NH);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_reflect_Constructor::clazz(oop reflect) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      return reflect->obj_field(clazz_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_clazz(oop reflect, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
       reflect->obj_field_put(clazz_offset, value);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_reflect_Constructor::parameter_types(oop constructor) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      return constructor->obj_field(parameterTypes_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_parameter_types(oop constructor, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      constructor->obj_field_put(parameterTypes_offset, value);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_reflect_Constructor::exception_types(oop constructor) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      return constructor->obj_field(exceptionTypes_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_exception_types(oop constructor, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      constructor->obj_field_put(exceptionTypes_offset, value);
    }
    
    int java_lang_reflect_Constructor::slot(oop reflect) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      return reflect->int_field(slot_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_slot(oop reflect, int value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      reflect->int_field_put(slot_offset, value);
    }
    
    int java_lang_reflect_Constructor::modifiers(oop constructor) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      return constructor->int_field(modifiers_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_modifiers(oop constructor, int value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      constructor->int_field_put(modifiers_offset, value);
    }
    
    bool java_lang_reflect_Constructor::has_signature_field() {
      return (signature_offset >= 0);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_reflect_Constructor::signature(oop constructor) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      assert(has_signature_field(), "signature field must be present");
      return constructor->obj_field(signature_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_signature(oop constructor, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      assert(has_signature_field(), "signature field must be present");
      constructor->obj_field_put(signature_offset, value);
    }
    
    bool java_lang_reflect_Constructor::has_annotations_field() {
      return (annotations_offset >= 0);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_reflect_Constructor::annotations(oop constructor) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      assert(has_annotations_field(), "annotations field must be present");
      return constructor->obj_field(annotations_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_annotations(oop constructor, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      assert(has_annotations_field(), "annotations field must be present");
      constructor->obj_field_put(annotations_offset, value);
    }
    
    bool java_lang_reflect_Constructor::has_parameter_annotations_field() {
      return (parameter_annotations_offset >= 0);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_reflect_Constructor::parameter_annotations(oop method) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      assert(has_parameter_annotations_field(), "parameter annotations field must be present");
      return method->obj_field(parameter_annotations_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_parameter_annotations(oop method, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      assert(has_parameter_annotations_field(), "parameter annotations field must be present");
      method->obj_field_put(parameter_annotations_offset, value);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Field::compute_offsets() {
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::reflect_Field_klass();
      compute_offset(clazz_offset,     k, vmSymbols::clazz_name(),     vmSymbols::class_signature());
      compute_offset(name_offset,      k, vmSymbols::name_name(),      vmSymbols::string_signature());
      compute_offset(type_offset,      k, vmSymbols::type_name(),      vmSymbols::class_signature());
      compute_offset(slot_offset,      k, vmSymbols::slot_name(),      vmSymbols::int_signature());
      compute_offset(modifiers_offset, k, vmSymbols::modifiers_name(), vmSymbols::int_signature());
      // The generic signature and annotations fields are only present in 1.5
      signature_offset = -1;
      annotations_offset = -1;
      compute_optional_offset(signature_offset, k, vmSymbols::signature_name(), vmSymbols::string_signature());
      compute_optional_offset(annotations_offset,  k, vmSymbols::annotations_name(),  vmSymbols::byte_array_signature());
    }
    
    Handle java_lang_reflect_Field::create(TRAPS) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      Symbol* name = vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_Field();
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(name, true, CHECK_NH);
      instanceKlassHandle klass (THREAD, k);
      // Ensure it is initialized
      klass->initialize(CHECK_NH);
      return klass->allocate_instance_handle(CHECK_NH);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_reflect_Field::clazz(oop reflect) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      return reflect->obj_field(clazz_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Field::set_clazz(oop reflect, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
       reflect->obj_field_put(clazz_offset, value);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_reflect_Field::name(oop field) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      return field->obj_field(name_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Field::set_name(oop field, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      field->obj_field_put(name_offset, value);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_reflect_Field::type(oop field) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      return field->obj_field(type_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Field::set_type(oop field, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      field->obj_field_put(type_offset, value);
    }
    
    int java_lang_reflect_Field::slot(oop reflect) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      return reflect->int_field(slot_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Field::set_slot(oop reflect, int value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      reflect->int_field_put(slot_offset, value);
    }
    
    int java_lang_reflect_Field::modifiers(oop field) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      return field->int_field(modifiers_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Field::set_modifiers(oop field, int value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      field->int_field_put(modifiers_offset, value);
    }
    
    bool java_lang_reflect_Field::has_signature_field() {
      return (signature_offset >= 0);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_reflect_Field::signature(oop field) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      assert(has_signature_field(), "signature field must be present");
      return field->obj_field(signature_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Field::set_signature(oop field, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      assert(has_signature_field(), "signature field must be present");
      field->obj_field_put(signature_offset, value);
    }
    
    bool java_lang_reflect_Field::has_annotations_field() {
      return (annotations_offset >= 0);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_reflect_Field::annotations(oop field) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      assert(has_annotations_field(), "annotations field must be present");
      return field->obj_field(annotations_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_reflect_Field::set_annotations(oop field, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      assert(has_annotations_field(), "annotations field must be present");
      field->obj_field_put(annotations_offset, value);
    }
    
    
    void sun_reflect_ConstantPool::compute_offsets() {
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::reflect_ConstantPool_klass();
      // This null test can be removed post beta
      if (k != NULL) {
        compute_offset(_cp_oop_offset, k, vmSymbols::constantPoolOop_name(), vmSymbols::object_signature());
      }
    }
    
    
    Handle sun_reflect_ConstantPool::create(TRAPS) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::reflect_ConstantPool_klass();
      instanceKlassHandle klass (THREAD, k);
      // Ensure it is initialized
      klass->initialize(CHECK_NH);
      return klass->allocate_instance_handle(CHECK_NH);
    }
    
    
    oop sun_reflect_ConstantPool::cp_oop(oop reflect) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      return reflect->obj_field(_cp_oop_offset);
    }
    
    
    void sun_reflect_ConstantPool::set_cp_oop(oop reflect, oop value) {
      assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "Need to find another solution to the reflection problem");
      reflect->obj_field_put(_cp_oop_offset, value);
    }
    
    void sun_reflect_UnsafeStaticFieldAccessorImpl::compute_offsets() {
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::reflect_UnsafeStaticFieldAccessorImpl_klass();
      // This null test can be removed post beta
      if (k != NULL) {
        compute_offset(_base_offset, k,
                       vmSymbols::base_name(), vmSymbols::object_signature());
      }
    }
    
    oop java_lang_boxing_object::initialize_and_allocate(BasicType type, TRAPS) {
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::box_klass(type);
      if (k == NULL)  return NULL;
      instanceKlassHandle h (THREAD, k);
      if (!h->is_initialized())  h->initialize(CHECK_0);
      return h->allocate_instance(THREAD);
    }
    
    
    oop java_lang_boxing_object::create(BasicType type, jvalue* value, TRAPS) {
      oop box = initialize_and_allocate(type, CHECK_0);
      if (box == NULL)  return NULL;
      switch (type) {
        case T_BOOLEAN:
          box->bool_field_put(value_offset, value->z);
          break;
        case T_CHAR:
          box->char_field_put(value_offset, value->c);
          break;
        case T_FLOAT:
          box->float_field_put(value_offset, value->f);
          break;
        case T_DOUBLE:
          box->double_field_put(long_value_offset, value->d);
          break;
        case T_BYTE:
          box->byte_field_put(value_offset, value->b);
          break;
        case T_SHORT:
          box->short_field_put(value_offset, value->s);
          break;
        case T_INT:
          box->int_field_put(value_offset, value->i);
          break;
        case T_LONG:
          box->long_field_put(long_value_offset, value->j);
          break;
        default:
          return NULL;
      }
      return box;
    }
    
    
    BasicType java_lang_boxing_object::basic_type(oop box) {
      if (box == NULL)  return T_ILLEGAL;
      BasicType type = SystemDictionary::box_klass_type(box->klass());
      if (type == T_OBJECT)         // 'unknown' value returned by SD::bkt
        return T_ILLEGAL;
      return type;
    }
    
    
    BasicType java_lang_boxing_object::get_value(oop box, jvalue* value) {
      BasicType type = SystemDictionary::box_klass_type(box->klass());
      switch (type) {
      case T_BOOLEAN:
        value->z = box->bool_field(value_offset);
        break;
      case T_CHAR:
        value->c = box->char_field(value_offset);
        break;
      case T_FLOAT:
        value->f = box->float_field(value_offset);
        break;
      case T_DOUBLE:
        value->d = box->double_field(long_value_offset);
        break;
      case T_BYTE:
        value->b = box->byte_field(value_offset);
        break;
      case T_SHORT:
        value->s = box->short_field(value_offset);
        break;
      case T_INT:
        value->i = box->int_field(value_offset);
        break;
      case T_LONG:
        value->j = box->long_field(long_value_offset);
        break;
      default:
        return T_ILLEGAL;
      } // end switch
      return type;
    }
    
    
    BasicType java_lang_boxing_object::set_value(oop box, jvalue* value) {
      BasicType type = SystemDictionary::box_klass_type(box->klass());
      switch (type) {
      case T_BOOLEAN:
        box->bool_field_put(value_offset, value->z);
        break;
      case T_CHAR:
        box->char_field_put(value_offset, value->c);
        break;
      case T_FLOAT:
        box->float_field_put(value_offset, value->f);
        break;
      case T_DOUBLE:
        box->double_field_put(long_value_offset, value->d);
        break;
      case T_BYTE:
        box->byte_field_put(value_offset, value->b);
        break;
      case T_SHORT:
        box->short_field_put(value_offset, value->s);
        break;
      case T_INT:
        box->int_field_put(value_offset, value->i);
        break;
      case T_LONG:
        box->long_field_put(long_value_offset, value->j);
        break;
      default:
        return T_ILLEGAL;
      } // end switch
      return type;
    }
    
    
    void java_lang_boxing_object::print(BasicType type, jvalue* value, outputStream* st) {
      switch (type) {
      case T_BOOLEAN:   st->print("%s", value->z ? "true" : "false");   break;
      case T_CHAR:      st->print("%d", value->c);                      break;
      case T_BYTE:      st->print("%d", value->b);                      break;
      case T_SHORT:     st->print("%d", value->s);                      break;
      case T_INT:       st->print("%d", value->i);                      break;
      case T_LONG:      st->print(INT64_FORMAT, value->j);              break;
      case T_FLOAT:     st->print("%f", value->f);                      break;
      case T_DOUBLE:    st->print("%lf", value->d);                     break;
      default:          st->print("type %d?", type);                    break;
      }
    }
    
    
    // Support for java_lang_ref_Reference
    oop java_lang_ref_Reference::pending_list_lock() {
      instanceKlass* ik = instanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Reference_klass());
      address addr = ik->static_field_addr(static_lock_offset);
      if (UseCompressedOops) {
        return oopDesc::load_decode_heap_oop((narrowOop *)addr);
      } else {
        return oopDesc::load_decode_heap_oop((oop*)addr);
      }
    }
    
    HeapWord *java_lang_ref_Reference::pending_list_addr() {
      instanceKlass* ik = instanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Reference_klass());
      address addr = ik->static_field_addr(static_pending_offset);
      // XXX This might not be HeapWord aligned, almost rather be char *.
      return (HeapWord*)addr;
    }
    
    oop java_lang_ref_Reference::pending_list() {
      char *addr = (char *)pending_list_addr();
      if (UseCompressedOops) {
        return oopDesc::load_decode_heap_oop((narrowOop *)addr);
      } else {
        return oopDesc::load_decode_heap_oop((oop*)addr);
      }
    }
    
    
    // Support for java_lang_ref_SoftReference
    
    jlong java_lang_ref_SoftReference::timestamp(oop ref) {
      return ref->long_field(timestamp_offset);
    }
    
    jlong java_lang_ref_SoftReference::clock() {
      instanceKlass* ik = instanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::SoftReference_klass());
      jlong* offset = (jlong*)ik->static_field_addr(static_clock_offset);
      return *offset;
    }
    
    void java_lang_ref_SoftReference::set_clock(jlong value) {
      instanceKlass* ik = instanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::SoftReference_klass());
      jlong* offset = (jlong*)ik->static_field_addr(static_clock_offset);
      *offset = value;
    }
    
    
    // Support for java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle
    
    int java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle::_type_offset;
    int java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle::_vmtarget_offset;
    int java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle::_vmentry_offset;
    
    int java_lang_invoke_MemberName::_clazz_offset;
    int java_lang_invoke_MemberName::_name_offset;
    int java_lang_invoke_MemberName::_type_offset;
    int java_lang_invoke_MemberName::_flags_offset;
    int java_lang_invoke_MemberName::_vmtarget_offset;
    int java_lang_invoke_MemberName::_vmindex_offset;
    
    int java_lang_invoke_DirectMethodHandle::_vmindex_offset;
    
    int java_lang_invoke_BoundMethodHandle::_argument_offset;
    int java_lang_invoke_BoundMethodHandle::_vmargslot_offset;
    
    int java_lang_invoke_AdapterMethodHandle::_conversion_offset;
    
    int java_lang_invoke_CountingMethodHandle::_vmcount_offset;
    
    void java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle::compute_offsets() {
      klassOop klass_oop = SystemDictionary::MethodHandle_klass();
      if (klass_oop != NULL && EnableInvokeDynamic) {
        bool allow_super = false;
        compute_offset(_type_offset,      klass_oop, vmSymbols::type_name(),      vmSymbols::java_lang_invoke_MethodType_signature(), allow_super);
        METHODHANDLE_INJECTED_FIELDS(INJECTED_FIELD_COMPUTE_OFFSET);
      }
    }
    
    void java_lang_invoke_MemberName::compute_offsets() {
      klassOop klass_oop = SystemDictionary::MemberName_klass();
      if (klass_oop != NULL && EnableInvokeDynamic) {
        compute_offset(_clazz_offset,     klass_oop, vmSymbols::clazz_name(),     vmSymbols::class_signature());
        compute_offset(_name_offset,      klass_oop, vmSymbols::name_name(),      vmSymbols::string_signature());
        compute_offset(_type_offset,      klass_oop, vmSymbols::type_name(),      vmSymbols::object_signature());
        compute_offset(_flags_offset,     klass_oop, vmSymbols::flags_name(),     vmSymbols::int_signature());
        compute_offset(_vmindex_offset,   klass_oop, vmSymbols::vmindex_name(),   vmSymbols::int_signature());
        MEMBERNAME_INJECTED_FIELDS(INJECTED_FIELD_COMPUTE_OFFSET);
      }
    }
    
    void java_lang_invoke_DirectMethodHandle::compute_offsets() {
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::DirectMethodHandle_klass();
      if (k != NULL && EnableInvokeDynamic) {
        DIRECTMETHODHANDLE_INJECTED_FIELDS(INJECTED_FIELD_COMPUTE_OFFSET);
      }
    }
    
    void java_lang_invoke_BoundMethodHandle::compute_offsets() {
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::BoundMethodHandle_klass();
      if (k != NULL && EnableInvokeDynamic) {
        compute_offset(_vmargslot_offset, k, vmSymbols::vmargslot_name(), vmSymbols::int_signature(),    true);
        compute_offset(_argument_offset,  k, vmSymbols::argument_name(),  vmSymbols::object_signature(), true);
      }
    }
    
    void java_lang_invoke_AdapterMethodHandle::compute_offsets() {
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::AdapterMethodHandle_klass();
      if (k != NULL && EnableInvokeDynamic) {
        compute_offset(_conversion_offset, k, vmSymbols::conversion_name(), vmSymbols::int_signature(), true);
      }
    }
    
    void java_lang_invoke_CountingMethodHandle::compute_offsets() {
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::CountingMethodHandle_klass();
      if (k != NULL && EnableInvokeDynamic) {
        compute_offset(_vmcount_offset, k, vmSymbols::vmcount_name(), vmSymbols::int_signature(), true);
      }
    }
    
    int java_lang_invoke_CountingMethodHandle::vmcount(oop mh) {
      assert(is_instance(mh), "CMH only");
      return mh->int_field(_vmcount_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_invoke_CountingMethodHandle::set_vmcount(oop mh, int count) {
      assert(is_instance(mh), "CMH only");
      mh->int_field_put(_vmcount_offset, count);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle::type(oop mh) {
      return mh->obj_field(_type_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle::set_type(oop mh, oop mtype) {
      mh->obj_field_put(_type_offset, mtype);
    }
    
    // fetch type.form.vmslots, which is the number of JVM stack slots
    // required to carry the arguments of this MH
    int java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle::vmslots(oop mh) {
      oop mtype = type(mh);
      if (mtype == NULL)  return 0;  // Java code would get NPE
      oop form = java_lang_invoke_MethodType::form(mtype);
      if (form == NULL)   return 0;  // Java code would get NPE
      return java_lang_invoke_MethodTypeForm::vmslots(form);
    }
    
    // fetch the low-level entry point for this mh
    MethodHandleEntry* java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle::vmentry(oop mh) {
      return (MethodHandleEntry*) mh->address_field(_vmentry_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle::set_vmentry(oop mh, MethodHandleEntry* me) {
      assert(_vmentry_offset != 0, "must be present");
    
      // This is always the final step that initializes a valid method handle:
      mh->release_address_field_put(_vmentry_offset, (address) me);
    
      // There should be enough memory barriers on exit from native methods
      // to ensure that the MH is fully initialized to all threads before
      // Java code can publish it in global data structures.
      // But just in case, we use release_address_field_put.
    }
    
    /// MemberName accessors
    
    oop java_lang_invoke_MemberName::clazz(oop mname) {
      assert(is_instance(mname), "wrong type");
      return mname->obj_field(_clazz_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_invoke_MemberName::set_clazz(oop mname, oop clazz) {
      assert(is_instance(mname), "wrong type");
      mname->obj_field_put(_clazz_offset, clazz);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_invoke_MemberName::name(oop mname) {
      assert(is_instance(mname), "wrong type");
      return mname->obj_field(_name_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_invoke_MemberName::set_name(oop mname, oop name) {
      assert(is_instance(mname), "wrong type");
      mname->obj_field_put(_name_offset, name);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_invoke_MemberName::type(oop mname) {
      assert(is_instance(mname), "wrong type");
      return mname->obj_field(_type_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_invoke_MemberName::set_type(oop mname, oop type) {
      assert(is_instance(mname), "wrong type");
      mname->obj_field_put(_type_offset, type);
    }
    
    int java_lang_invoke_MemberName::flags(oop mname) {
      assert(is_instance(mname), "wrong type");
      return mname->int_field(_flags_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_invoke_MemberName::set_flags(oop mname, int flags) {
      assert(is_instance(mname), "wrong type");
      mname->int_field_put(_flags_offset, flags);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_invoke_MemberName::vmtarget(oop mname) {
      assert(is_instance(mname), "wrong type");
      return mname->obj_field(_vmtarget_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_invoke_MemberName::set_vmtarget(oop mname, oop ref) {
      assert(is_instance(mname), "wrong type");
      mname->obj_field_put(_vmtarget_offset, ref);
    }
    
    int java_lang_invoke_MemberName::vmindex(oop mname) {
      assert(is_instance(mname), "wrong type");
      return mname->int_field(_vmindex_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_invoke_MemberName::set_vmindex(oop mname, int index) {
      assert(is_instance(mname), "wrong type");
      mname->int_field_put(_vmindex_offset, index);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle::vmtarget(oop mh) {
      assert(is_instance(mh), "MH only");
      return mh->obj_field(_vmtarget_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle::set_vmtarget(oop mh, oop ref) {
      assert(is_instance(mh), "MH only");
      mh->obj_field_put(_vmtarget_offset, ref);
    }
    
    int java_lang_invoke_DirectMethodHandle::vmindex(oop mh) {
      assert(is_instance(mh), "DMH only");
      return mh->int_field(_vmindex_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_invoke_DirectMethodHandle::set_vmindex(oop mh, int index) {
      assert(is_instance(mh), "DMH only");
      mh->int_field_put(_vmindex_offset, index);
    }
    
    int java_lang_invoke_BoundMethodHandle::vmargslot(oop mh) {
      assert(is_instance(mh), "BMH only");
      return mh->int_field(_vmargslot_offset);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_invoke_BoundMethodHandle::argument(oop mh) {
      assert(is_instance(mh), "BMH only");
      return mh->obj_field(_argument_offset);
    }
    
    int java_lang_invoke_AdapterMethodHandle::conversion(oop mh) {
      assert(is_instance(mh), "AMH only");
      return mh->int_field(_conversion_offset);
    }
    
    void java_lang_invoke_AdapterMethodHandle::set_conversion(oop mh, int conv) {
      assert(is_instance(mh), "AMH only");
      mh->int_field_put(_conversion_offset, conv);
    }
    
    
    // Support for java_lang_invoke_MethodType
    
    int java_lang_invoke_MethodType::_rtype_offset;
    int java_lang_invoke_MethodType::_ptypes_offset;
    int java_lang_invoke_MethodType::_form_offset;
    
    void java_lang_invoke_MethodType::compute_offsets() {
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::MethodType_klass();
      if (k != NULL) {
        compute_offset(_rtype_offset,  k, vmSymbols::rtype_name(),  vmSymbols::class_signature());
        compute_offset(_ptypes_offset, k, vmSymbols::ptypes_name(), vmSymbols::class_array_signature());
        compute_offset(_form_offset,   k, vmSymbols::form_name(),   vmSymbols::java_lang_invoke_MethodTypeForm_signature());
      }
    }
    
    void java_lang_invoke_MethodType::print_signature(oop mt, outputStream* st) {
      st->print("(");
      objArrayOop pts = ptypes(mt);
      for (int i = 0, limit = pts->length(); i < limit; i++) {
        java_lang_Class::print_signature(pts->obj_at(i), st);
      }
      st->print(")");
      java_lang_Class::print_signature(rtype(mt), st);
    }
    
    Symbol* java_lang_invoke_MethodType::as_signature(oop mt, bool intern_if_not_found, TRAPS) {
      ResourceMark rm;
      stringStream buffer(128);
      print_signature(mt, &buffer);
      const char* sigstr =       buffer.base();
      int         siglen = (int) buffer.size();
      Symbol *name;
      if (!intern_if_not_found) {
        name = SymbolTable::probe(sigstr, siglen);
      } else {
        name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(sigstr, siglen, THREAD);
      }
      return name;
    }
    
    bool java_lang_invoke_MethodType::equals(oop mt1, oop mt2) {
      if (rtype(mt1) != rtype(mt2))
        return false;
      if (ptype_count(mt1) != ptype_count(mt2))
        return false;
      for (int i = ptype_count(mt1) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        if (ptype(mt1, i) != ptype(mt2, i))
          return false;
      }
      return true;
    }
    
    oop java_lang_invoke_MethodType::rtype(oop mt) {
      assert(is_instance(mt), "must be a MethodType");
      return mt->obj_field(_rtype_offset);
    }
    
    objArrayOop java_lang_invoke_MethodType::ptypes(oop mt) {
      assert(is_instance(mt), "must be a MethodType");
      return (objArrayOop) mt->obj_field(_ptypes_offset);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_invoke_MethodType::form(oop mt) {
      assert(is_instance(mt), "must be a MethodType");
      return mt->obj_field(_form_offset);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_invoke_MethodType::ptype(oop mt, int idx) {
      return ptypes(mt)->obj_at(idx);
    }
    
    int java_lang_invoke_MethodType::ptype_count(oop mt) {
      return ptypes(mt)->length();
    }
    
    
    
    // Support for java_lang_invoke_MethodTypeForm
    
    int java_lang_invoke_MethodTypeForm::_vmslots_offset;
    int java_lang_invoke_MethodTypeForm::_vmlayout_offset;
    int java_lang_invoke_MethodTypeForm::_erasedType_offset;
    int java_lang_invoke_MethodTypeForm::_genericInvoker_offset;
    
    void java_lang_invoke_MethodTypeForm::compute_offsets() {
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::MethodTypeForm_klass();
      if (k != NULL) {
        compute_optional_offset(_vmslots_offset,    k, vmSymbols::vmslots_name(),    vmSymbols::int_signature(), true);
        compute_optional_offset(_vmlayout_offset,   k, vmSymbols::vmlayout_name(),   vmSymbols::object_signature());
        compute_optional_offset(_erasedType_offset, k, vmSymbols::erasedType_name(), vmSymbols::java_lang_invoke_MethodType_signature(), true);
        compute_optional_offset(_genericInvoker_offset, k, vmSymbols::genericInvoker_name(), vmSymbols::java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle_signature(), true);
        if (_genericInvoker_offset == 0)  _genericInvoker_offset = -1;  // set to explicit "empty" value
        METHODTYPEFORM_INJECTED_FIELDS(INJECTED_FIELD_COMPUTE_OFFSET);
      }
    }
    
    int java_lang_invoke_MethodTypeForm::vmslots(oop mtform) {
      assert(mtform->klass() == SystemDictionary::MethodTypeForm_klass(), "MTForm only");
      assert(_vmslots_offset > 0, "");
      return mtform->int_field(_vmslots_offset);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_invoke_MethodTypeForm::vmlayout(oop mtform) {
      assert(mtform->klass() == SystemDictionary::MethodTypeForm_klass(), "MTForm only");
      assert(_vmlayout_offset > 0, "");
      return mtform->obj_field(_vmlayout_offset);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_invoke_MethodTypeForm::init_vmlayout(oop mtform, oop cookie) {
      assert(mtform->klass() == SystemDictionary::MethodTypeForm_klass(), "MTForm only");
      oop previous = vmlayout(mtform);
      if (previous != NULL) {
        return previous;  // someone else beat us to it
      }
      HeapWord* cookie_addr = (HeapWord*) mtform->obj_field_addr<oop>(_vmlayout_offset);
      OrderAccess::storestore();  // make sure our copy is fully committed
      previous = oopDesc::atomic_compare_exchange_oop(cookie, cookie_addr, previous);
      if (previous != NULL) {
        return previous;  // someone else beat us to it
      }
      return cookie;
    }
    
    oop java_lang_invoke_MethodTypeForm::erasedType(oop mtform) {
      assert(mtform->klass() == SystemDictionary::MethodTypeForm_klass(), "MTForm only");
      return mtform->obj_field(_erasedType_offset);
    }
    
    oop java_lang_invoke_MethodTypeForm::genericInvoker(oop mtform) {
      assert(mtform->klass() == SystemDictionary::MethodTypeForm_klass(), "MTForm only");
      return mtform->obj_field(_genericInvoker_offset);
    }
    
    
    // Support for java_lang_invoke_CallSite
    
    int java_lang_invoke_CallSite::_target_offset;
    
    void java_lang_invoke_CallSite::compute_offsets() {
      if (!EnableInvokeDynamic)  return;
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::CallSite_klass();
      if (k != NULL) {
        compute_offset(_target_offset, k, vmSymbols::target_name(), vmSymbols::java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle_signature());
      }
    
      // Disallow compilation of CallSite.setTargetNormal and CallSite.setTargetVolatile
      // (For C2:  keep this until we have throttling logic for uncommon traps.)
      if (k != NULL) {
        instanceKlass* ik = instanceKlass::cast(k);
        methodOop m_normal   = ik->lookup_method(vmSymbols::setTargetNormal_name(),   vmSymbols::setTarget_signature());
        methodOop m_volatile = ik->lookup_method(vmSymbols::setTargetVolatile_name(), vmSymbols::setTarget_signature());
        guarantee(m_normal != NULL && m_volatile != NULL, "must exist");
        m_normal->set_not_compilable_quietly();
        m_volatile->set_not_compilable_quietly();
      }
    }
    
    
    // Support for java_security_AccessControlContext
    
    int java_security_AccessControlContext::_context_offset = 0;
    int java_security_AccessControlContext::_privilegedContext_offset = 0;
    int java_security_AccessControlContext::_isPrivileged_offset = 0;
    
    void java_security_AccessControlContext::compute_offsets() {
      assert(_isPrivileged_offset == 0, "offsets should be initialized only once");
      fieldDescriptor fd;
      instanceKlass* ik = instanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::AccessControlContext_klass());
    
      if (!ik->find_local_field(vmSymbols::context_name(), vmSymbols::protectiondomain_signature(), &fd)) {
        fatal("Invalid layout of java.security.AccessControlContext");
      }
      _context_offset = fd.offset();
    
      if (!ik->find_local_field(vmSymbols::privilegedContext_name(), vmSymbols::accesscontrolcontext_signature(), &fd)) {
        fatal("Invalid layout of java.security.AccessControlContext");
      }
      _privilegedContext_offset = fd.offset();
    
      if (!ik->find_local_field(vmSymbols::isPrivileged_name(), vmSymbols::bool_signature(), &fd)) {
        fatal("Invalid layout of java.security.AccessControlContext");
      }
      _isPrivileged_offset = fd.offset();
    }
    
    
    oop java_security_AccessControlContext::create(objArrayHandle context, bool isPrivileged, Handle privileged_context, TRAPS) {
      assert(_isPrivileged_offset != 0, "offsets should have been initialized");
      // Ensure klass is initialized
      instanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::AccessControlContext_klass())->initialize(CHECK_0);
      // Allocate result
      oop result = instanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::AccessControlContext_klass())->allocate_instance(CHECK_0);
      // Fill in values
      result->obj_field_put(_context_offset, context());
      result->obj_field_put(_privilegedContext_offset, privileged_context());
      result->bool_field_put(_isPrivileged_offset, isPrivileged);
      return result;
    }
    
    
    // Support for java_lang_ClassLoader
    bool java_lang_ClassLoader::offsets_computed = false;
    int  java_lang_ClassLoader::parallelCapable_offset = -1;
    
    void java_lang_ClassLoader::compute_offsets() {
      assert(!offsets_computed, "offsets should be initialized only once");
      offsets_computed = true;
    
      // The field indicating parallelCapable (parallelLockMap) is only present starting in 7,
      klassOop k1 = SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass();
      compute_optional_offset(parallelCapable_offset,
        k1, vmSymbols::parallelCapable_name(), vmSymbols::concurrenthashmap_signature());
    }
    
    oop java_lang_ClassLoader::parent(oop loader) {
      assert(loader->is_oop(), "loader must be oop");
      return loader->obj_field(parent_offset);
    }
    
    
    // For class loader classes, parallelCapable defined
    // based on non-null field
    // Written to by java.lang.ClassLoader, vm only reads this field, doesn't set it
    bool java_lang_ClassLoader::parallelCapable(oop class_loader) {
      if (!JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk17x_version()
         || parallelCapable_offset == -1) {
         // Default for backward compatibility is false
         return false;
      }
      return (class_loader->obj_field(parallelCapable_offset) != NULL);
    }
    
    bool java_lang_ClassLoader::is_trusted_loader(oop loader) {
      // Fix for 4474172; see evaluation for more details
      loader = non_reflection_class_loader(loader);
    
      oop cl = SystemDictionary::java_system_loader();
      while(cl != NULL) {
        if (cl == loader) return true;
        cl = parent(cl);
      }
      return false;
    }
    
    oop java_lang_ClassLoader::non_reflection_class_loader(oop loader) {
      if (loader != NULL) {
        // See whether this is one of the class loaders associated with
        // the generated bytecodes for reflection, and if so, "magically"
        // delegate to its parent to prevent class loading from occurring
        // in places where applications using reflection didn't expect it.
        klassOop delegating_cl_class = SystemDictionary::reflect_DelegatingClassLoader_klass();
        // This might be null in non-1.4 JDKs
        if (delegating_cl_class != NULL && loader->is_a(delegating_cl_class)) {
          return parent(loader);
        }
      }
      return loader;
    }
    
    
    // Support for java_lang_System
    int java_lang_System::in_offset_in_bytes() {
      return (instanceMirrorKlass::offset_of_static_fields() + static_in_offset);
    }
    
    
    int java_lang_System::out_offset_in_bytes() {
      return (instanceMirrorKlass::offset_of_static_fields() + static_out_offset);
    }
    
    
    int java_lang_System::err_offset_in_bytes() {
      return (instanceMirrorKlass::offset_of_static_fields() + static_err_offset);
    }
    
    
    
    int java_lang_Class::_klass_offset;
    int java_lang_Class::_array_klass_offset;
    int java_lang_Class::_resolved_constructor_offset;
    int java_lang_Class::_oop_size_offset;
    int java_lang_Class::_static_oop_field_count_offset;
    int java_lang_Throwable::backtrace_offset;
    int java_lang_Throwable::detailMessage_offset;
    int java_lang_Throwable::cause_offset;
    int java_lang_Throwable::stackTrace_offset;
    int java_lang_Throwable::static_unassigned_stacktrace_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_AccessibleObject::override_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Method::clazz_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Method::name_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Method::returnType_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Method::parameterTypes_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Method::exceptionTypes_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Method::slot_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Method::modifiers_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Method::signature_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Method::annotations_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Method::parameter_annotations_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Method::annotation_default_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Constructor::clazz_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Constructor::parameterTypes_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Constructor::exceptionTypes_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Constructor::slot_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Constructor::modifiers_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Constructor::signature_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Constructor::annotations_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Constructor::parameter_annotations_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Field::clazz_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Field::name_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Field::type_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Field::slot_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Field::modifiers_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Field::signature_offset;
    int java_lang_reflect_Field::annotations_offset;
    int java_lang_boxing_object::value_offset;
    int java_lang_boxing_object::long_value_offset;
    int java_lang_ref_Reference::referent_offset;
    int java_lang_ref_Reference::queue_offset;
    int java_lang_ref_Reference::next_offset;
    int java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered_offset;
    int java_lang_ref_Reference::static_lock_offset;
    int java_lang_ref_Reference::static_pending_offset;
    int java_lang_ref_Reference::number_of_fake_oop_fields;
    int java_lang_ref_SoftReference::timestamp_offset;
    int java_lang_ref_SoftReference::static_clock_offset;
    int java_lang_ClassLoader::parent_offset;
    int java_lang_System::static_in_offset;
    int java_lang_System::static_out_offset;
    int java_lang_System::static_err_offset;
    int java_lang_StackTraceElement::declaringClass_offset;
    int java_lang_StackTraceElement::methodName_offset;
    int java_lang_StackTraceElement::fileName_offset;
    int java_lang_StackTraceElement::lineNumber_offset;
    int java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives::classes_offset;
    int java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives::classEnabled_offset;
    int java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives::packages_offset;
    int java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives::packageEnabled_offset;
    int java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives::deflt_offset;
    int java_nio_Buffer::_limit_offset;
    int sun_misc_AtomicLongCSImpl::_value_offset;
    int java_util_concurrent_locks_AbstractOwnableSynchronizer::_owner_offset = 0;
    int sun_reflect_ConstantPool::_cp_oop_offset;
    int sun_reflect_UnsafeStaticFieldAccessorImpl::_base_offset;
    
    
    // Support for java_lang_StackTraceElement
    
    void java_lang_StackTraceElement::set_fileName(oop element, oop value) {
      element->obj_field_put(fileName_offset, value);
    }
    
    void java_lang_StackTraceElement::set_declaringClass(oop element, oop value) {
      element->obj_field_put(declaringClass_offset, value);
    }
    
    void java_lang_StackTraceElement::set_methodName(oop element, oop value) {
      element->obj_field_put(methodName_offset, value);
    }
    
    void java_lang_StackTraceElement::set_lineNumber(oop element, int value) {
      element->int_field_put(lineNumber_offset, value);
    }
    
    
    // Support for java Assertions - java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives.
    
    void java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives::set_classes(oop o, oop val) {
      o->obj_field_put(classes_offset, val);
    }
    
    void java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives::set_classEnabled(oop o, oop val) {
      o->obj_field_put(classEnabled_offset, val);
    }
    
    void java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives::set_packages(oop o, oop val) {
      o->obj_field_put(packages_offset, val);
    }
    
    void java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives::set_packageEnabled(oop o, oop val) {
      o->obj_field_put(packageEnabled_offset, val);
    }
    
    void java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives::set_deflt(oop o, bool val) {
      o->bool_field_put(deflt_offset, val);
    }
    
    
    // Support for intrinsification of java.nio.Buffer.checkIndex
    int java_nio_Buffer::limit_offset() {
      return _limit_offset;
    }
    
    
    void java_nio_Buffer::compute_offsets() {
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::nio_Buffer_klass();
      assert(k != NULL, "must be loaded in 1.4+");
      compute_offset(_limit_offset, k, vmSymbols::limit_name(), vmSymbols::int_signature());
    }
    
    // Support for intrinsification of sun.misc.AtomicLongCSImpl.attemptUpdate
    int sun_misc_AtomicLongCSImpl::value_offset() {
      assert(SystemDictionary::AtomicLongCSImpl_klass() != NULL, "can't call this");
      return _value_offset;
    }
    
    
    void sun_misc_AtomicLongCSImpl::compute_offsets() {
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::AtomicLongCSImpl_klass();
      // If this class is not present, its value field offset won't be referenced.
      if (k != NULL) {
        compute_offset(_value_offset, k, vmSymbols::value_name(), vmSymbols::long_signature());
      }
    }
    
    void java_util_concurrent_locks_AbstractOwnableSynchronizer::initialize(TRAPS) {
      if (_owner_offset != 0) return;
    
      assert(JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk16x_version(), "Must be JDK 1.6 or later");
      SystemDictionary::load_abstract_ownable_synchronizer_klass(CHECK);
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::abstract_ownable_synchronizer_klass();
      compute_offset(_owner_offset, k,
                     vmSymbols::exclusive_owner_thread_name(), vmSymbols::thread_signature());
    }
    
    oop java_util_concurrent_locks_AbstractOwnableSynchronizer::get_owner_threadObj(oop obj) {
      assert(_owner_offset != 0, "Must be initialized");
      return obj->obj_field(_owner_offset);
    }
    
    // Compute hard-coded offsets
    // Invoked before SystemDictionary::initialize, so pre-loaded classes
    // are not available to determine the offset_of_static_fields.
    void JavaClasses::compute_hard_coded_offsets() {
      const int x = heapOopSize;
      const int header = instanceOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes();
    
      // Throwable Class
      java_lang_Throwable::backtrace_offset  = java_lang_Throwable::hc_backtrace_offset  * x + header;
      java_lang_Throwable::detailMessage_offset = java_lang_Throwable::hc_detailMessage_offset * x + header;
      java_lang_Throwable::cause_offset      = java_lang_Throwable::hc_cause_offset      * x + header;
      java_lang_Throwable::stackTrace_offset = java_lang_Throwable::hc_stackTrace_offset * x + header;
      java_lang_Throwable::static_unassigned_stacktrace_offset = java_lang_Throwable::hc_static_unassigned_stacktrace_offset *  x;
    
      // java_lang_boxing_object
      java_lang_boxing_object::value_offset = java_lang_boxing_object::hc_value_offset + header;
      java_lang_boxing_object::long_value_offset = align_size_up((java_lang_boxing_object::hc_value_offset + header), BytesPerLong);
    
      // java_lang_ref_Reference:
      java_lang_ref_Reference::referent_offset = java_lang_ref_Reference::hc_referent_offset * x + header;
      java_lang_ref_Reference::queue_offset = java_lang_ref_Reference::hc_queue_offset * x + header;
      java_lang_ref_Reference::next_offset  = java_lang_ref_Reference::hc_next_offset * x + header;
      java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered_offset  = java_lang_ref_Reference::hc_discovered_offset * x + header;
      java_lang_ref_Reference::static_lock_offset = java_lang_ref_Reference::hc_static_lock_offset *  x;
      java_lang_ref_Reference::static_pending_offset = java_lang_ref_Reference::hc_static_pending_offset * x;
      // Artificial fields for java_lang_ref_Reference
      // The first field is for the discovered field added in 1.4
      java_lang_ref_Reference::number_of_fake_oop_fields = 1;
    
      // java_lang_ref_SoftReference Class
      java_lang_ref_SoftReference::timestamp_offset = align_size_up((java_lang_ref_SoftReference::hc_timestamp_offset * x + header), BytesPerLong);
      // Don't multiply static fields because they are always in wordSize units
      java_lang_ref_SoftReference::static_clock_offset = java_lang_ref_SoftReference::hc_static_clock_offset * x;
    
      // java_lang_ClassLoader
      java_lang_ClassLoader::parent_offset = java_lang_ClassLoader::hc_parent_offset * x + header;
    
      // java_lang_System
      java_lang_System::static_in_offset  = java_lang_System::hc_static_in_offset  * x;
      java_lang_System::static_out_offset = java_lang_System::hc_static_out_offset * x;
      java_lang_System::static_err_offset = java_lang_System::hc_static_err_offset * x;
    
      // java_lang_StackTraceElement
      java_lang_StackTraceElement::declaringClass_offset = java_lang_StackTraceElement::hc_declaringClass_offset  * x + header;
      java_lang_StackTraceElement::methodName_offset = java_lang_StackTraceElement::hc_methodName_offset * x + header;
      java_lang_StackTraceElement::fileName_offset   = java_lang_StackTraceElement::hc_fileName_offset   * x + header;
      java_lang_StackTraceElement::lineNumber_offset = java_lang_StackTraceElement::hc_lineNumber_offset * x + header;
      java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives::classes_offset = java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives::hc_classes_offset * x + header;
      java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives::classEnabled_offset = java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives::hc_classEnabled_offset * x + header;
      java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives::packages_offset = java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives::hc_packages_offset * x + header;
      java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives::packageEnabled_offset = java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives::hc_packageEnabled_offset * x + header;
      java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives::deflt_offset = java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives::hc_deflt_offset * x + header;
    
    }
    
    
    // Compute non-hard-coded field offsets of all the classes in this file
    void JavaClasses::compute_offsets() {
      // java_lang_Class::compute_offsets was called earlier in bootstrap
      java_lang_ClassLoader::compute_offsets();
      java_lang_Thread::compute_offsets();
      java_lang_ThreadGroup::compute_offsets();
      if (EnableInvokeDynamic) {
        java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle::compute_offsets();
        java_lang_invoke_MemberName::compute_offsets();
        java_lang_invoke_DirectMethodHandle::compute_offsets();
        java_lang_invoke_BoundMethodHandle::compute_offsets();
        java_lang_invoke_AdapterMethodHandle::compute_offsets();
        java_lang_invoke_MethodType::compute_offsets();
        java_lang_invoke_MethodTypeForm::compute_offsets();
        java_lang_invoke_CallSite::compute_offsets();
        java_lang_invoke_CountingMethodHandle::compute_offsets();
      }
      java_security_AccessControlContext::compute_offsets();
      // Initialize reflection classes. The layouts of these classes
      // changed with the new reflection implementation in JDK 1.4, and
      // since the Universe doesn't know what JDK version it is until this
      // point we defer computation of these offsets until now.
      java_lang_reflect_AccessibleObject::compute_offsets();
      java_lang_reflect_Method::compute_offsets();
      java_lang_reflect_Constructor::compute_offsets();
      java_lang_reflect_Field::compute_offsets();
      if (JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk14x_version()) {
        java_nio_Buffer::compute_offsets();
      }
      if (JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk15x_version()) {
        sun_reflect_ConstantPool::compute_offsets();
        sun_reflect_UnsafeStaticFieldAccessorImpl::compute_offsets();
      }
      sun_misc_AtomicLongCSImpl::compute_offsets();
    
      // generated interpreter code wants to know about the offsets we just computed:
      AbstractAssembler::update_delayed_values();
    }
    
    #ifndef PRODUCT
    
    // These functions exist to assert the validity of hard-coded field offsets to guard
    // against changes in the class files
    
    bool JavaClasses::check_offset(const char *klass_name, int hardcoded_offset, const char *field_name, const char* field_sig) {
      EXCEPTION_MARK;
      fieldDescriptor fd;
      TempNewSymbol klass_sym = SymbolTable::new_symbol(klass_name, CATCH);
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(klass_sym, true, CATCH);
      instanceKlassHandle h_klass (THREAD, k);
      TempNewSymbol f_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(field_name, CATCH);
      TempNewSymbol f_sig  = SymbolTable::new_symbol(field_sig, CATCH);
      if (!h_klass->find_local_field(f_name, f_sig, &fd)) {
        tty->print_cr("Nonstatic field %s.%s not found", klass_name, field_name);
        return false;
      }
      if (fd.is_static()) {
        tty->print_cr("Nonstatic field %s.%s appears to be static", klass_name, field_name);
        return false;
      }
      if (fd.offset() == hardcoded_offset ) {
        return true;
      } else {
        tty->print_cr("Offset of nonstatic field %s.%s is hardcoded as %d but should really be %d.",
                      klass_name, field_name, hardcoded_offset, fd.offset());
        return false;
      }
    }
    
    
    bool JavaClasses::check_static_offset(const char *klass_name, int hardcoded_offset, const char *field_name, const char* field_sig) {
      EXCEPTION_MARK;
      fieldDescriptor fd;
      TempNewSymbol klass_sym = SymbolTable::new_symbol(klass_name, CATCH);
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(klass_sym, true, CATCH);
      instanceKlassHandle h_klass (THREAD, k);
      TempNewSymbol f_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(field_name, CATCH);
      TempNewSymbol f_sig  = SymbolTable::new_symbol(field_sig, CATCH);
      if (!h_klass->find_local_field(f_name, f_sig, &fd)) {
        tty->print_cr("Static field %s.%s not found", klass_name, field_name);
        return false;
      }
      if (!fd.is_static()) {
        tty->print_cr("Static field %s.%s appears to be nonstatic", klass_name, field_name);
        return false;
      }
      if (fd.offset() == hardcoded_offset + instanceMirrorKlass::offset_of_static_fields()) {
        return true;
      } else {
        tty->print_cr("Offset of static field %s.%s is hardcoded as %d but should really be %d.", klass_name, field_name, hardcoded_offset, fd.offset() - instanceMirrorKlass::offset_of_static_fields());
        return false;
      }
    }
    
    
    bool JavaClasses::check_constant(const char *klass_name, int hardcoded_constant, const char *field_name, const char* field_sig) {
      EXCEPTION_MARK;
      fieldDescriptor fd;
      TempNewSymbol klass_sym = SymbolTable::new_symbol(klass_name, CATCH);
      klassOop k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(klass_sym, true, CATCH);
      instanceKlassHandle h_klass (THREAD, k);
      TempNewSymbol f_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(field_name, CATCH);
      TempNewSymbol f_sig  = SymbolTable::new_symbol(field_sig, CATCH);
      if (!h_klass->find_local_field(f_name, f_sig, &fd)) {
        tty->print_cr("Static field %s.%s not found", klass_name, field_name);
        return false;
      }
      if (!fd.is_static() || !fd.has_initial_value()) {
        tty->print_cr("Static field %s.%s appears to be non-constant", klass_name, field_name);
        return false;
      }
      if (!fd.initial_value_tag().is_int()) {
        tty->print_cr("Static field %s.%s is not an int", klass_name, field_name);
        return false;
      }
      jint field_value = fd.int_initial_value();
      if (field_value == hardcoded_constant) {
        return true;
      } else {
        tty->print_cr("Constant value of static field %s.%s is hardcoded as %d but should really be %d.", klass_name, field_name, hardcoded_constant, field_value);
        return false;
      }
    }
    
    
    // Check the hard-coded field offsets of all the classes in this file
    
    void JavaClasses::check_offsets() {
      bool valid = true;
    
    #define CHECK_OFFSET(klass_name, cpp_klass_name, field_name, field_sig) \
      valid &= check_offset(klass_name, cpp_klass_name :: field_name ## _offset, #field_name, field_sig)
    
    #define CHECK_LONG_OFFSET(klass_name, cpp_klass_name, field_name, field_sig) \
      valid &= check_offset(klass_name, cpp_klass_name :: long_ ## field_name ## _offset, #field_name, field_sig)
    
    #define CHECK_STATIC_OFFSET(klass_name, cpp_klass_name, field_name, field_sig) \
      valid &= check_static_offset(klass_name, cpp_klass_name :: static_ ## field_name ## _offset, #field_name, field_sig)
    
    #define CHECK_CONSTANT(klass_name, cpp_klass_name, field_name, field_sig) \
      valid &= check_constant(klass_name, cpp_klass_name :: field_name, #field_name, field_sig)
    
      // java.lang.String
    
      CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/String", java_lang_String, value, "[C");
      if (java_lang_String::has_offset_field()) {
        CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/String", java_lang_String, offset, "I");
        CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/String", java_lang_String, count, "I");
      }
      if (java_lang_String::has_hash_field()) {
        CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/String", java_lang_String, hash, "I");
      }
    
      // java.lang.Class
    
      // Fake fields
      // CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/Class", java_lang_Class, klass); // %%% this needs to be checked
      // CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/Class", java_lang_Class, array_klass); // %%% this needs to be checked
      // CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/Class", java_lang_Class, resolved_constructor); // %%% this needs to be checked
    
      // java.lang.Throwable
    
      CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/Throwable", java_lang_Throwable, backtrace, "Ljava/lang/Object;");
      CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/Throwable", java_lang_Throwable, detailMessage, "Ljava/lang/String;");
      CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/Throwable", java_lang_Throwable, cause, "Ljava/lang/Throwable;");
      CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/Throwable", java_lang_Throwable, stackTrace, "[Ljava/lang/StackTraceElement;");
    
      // Boxed primitive objects (java_lang_boxing_object)
    
      CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/Boolean",   java_lang_boxing_object, value, "Z");
      CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/Character", java_lang_boxing_object, value, "C");
      CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/Float",     java_lang_boxing_object, value, "F");
      CHECK_LONG_OFFSET("java/lang/Double", java_lang_boxing_object, value, "D");
      CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/Byte",      java_lang_boxing_object, value, "B");
      CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/Short",     java_lang_boxing_object, value, "S");
      CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/Integer",   java_lang_boxing_object, value, "I");
      CHECK_LONG_OFFSET("java/lang/Long", java_lang_boxing_object, value, "J");
    
      // java.lang.ClassLoader
    
      CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/ClassLoader", java_lang_ClassLoader, parent,      "Ljava/lang/ClassLoader;");
    
      // java.lang.System
    
      CHECK_STATIC_OFFSET("java/lang/System", java_lang_System,  in, "Ljava/io/InputStream;");
      CHECK_STATIC_OFFSET("java/lang/System", java_lang_System, out, "Ljava/io/PrintStream;");
      CHECK_STATIC_OFFSET("java/lang/System", java_lang_System, err, "Ljava/io/PrintStream;");
    
      // java.lang.StackTraceElement
    
      CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/StackTraceElement", java_lang_StackTraceElement, declaringClass, "Ljava/lang/String;");
      CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/StackTraceElement", java_lang_StackTraceElement, methodName, "Ljava/lang/String;");
      CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/StackTraceElement", java_lang_StackTraceElement,   fileName, "Ljava/lang/String;");
      CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/StackTraceElement", java_lang_StackTraceElement, lineNumber, "I");
    
      // java.lang.ref.Reference
    
      CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/ref/Reference", java_lang_ref_Reference, referent, "Ljava/lang/Object;");
      CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/ref/Reference", java_lang_ref_Reference, queue, "Ljava/lang/ref/ReferenceQueue;");
      CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/ref/Reference", java_lang_ref_Reference, next, "Ljava/lang/ref/Reference;");
      // Fake field
      //CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/ref/Reference", java_lang_ref_Reference, discovered, "Ljava/lang/ref/Reference;");
      CHECK_STATIC_OFFSET("java/lang/ref/Reference", java_lang_ref_Reference, lock, "Ljava/lang/ref/Reference$Lock;");
      CHECK_STATIC_OFFSET("java/lang/ref/Reference", java_lang_ref_Reference, pending, "Ljava/lang/ref/Reference;");
    
      // java.lang.ref.SoftReference
    
      CHECK_OFFSET("java/lang/ref/SoftReference", java_lang_ref_SoftReference, timestamp, "J");
      CHECK_STATIC_OFFSET("java/lang/ref/SoftReference", java_lang_ref_SoftReference, clock, "J");
    
      // java.lang.AssertionStatusDirectives
      //
      // The CheckAssertionStatusDirectives boolean can be removed from here and
      // globals.hpp after the AssertionStatusDirectives class has been integrated
      // into merlin "for some time."  Without it, the vm will fail with early
      // merlin builds.
    
      if (CheckAssertionStatusDirectives && JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk14x_version()) {
        const char* nm = "java/lang/AssertionStatusDirectives";
        const char* sig = "[Ljava/lang/String;";
        CHECK_OFFSET(nm, java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives, classes, sig);
        CHECK_OFFSET(nm, java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives, classEnabled, "[Z");
        CHECK_OFFSET(nm, java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives, packages, sig);
        CHECK_OFFSET(nm, java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives, packageEnabled, "[Z");
        CHECK_OFFSET(nm, java_lang_AssertionStatusDirectives, deflt, "Z");
      }
    
      if (!valid) vm_exit_during_initialization("Hard-coded field offset verification failed");
    }
    
    #endif // PRODUCT
    
    int InjectedField::compute_offset() {
      klassOop klass_oop = klass();
      for (AllFieldStream fs(instanceKlass::cast(klass_oop)); !fs.done(); fs.next()) {
        if (!may_be_java && !fs.access_flags().is_internal()) {
          // Only look at injected fields
          continue;
        }
        if (fs.name() == name() && fs.signature() == signature()) {
          return fs.offset();
        }
      }
      ResourceMark rm;
      tty->print_cr("Invalid layout of %s at %s", instanceKlass::cast(klass_oop)->external_name(), name()->as_C_string());
      fatal("Invalid layout of preloaded class");
      return -1;
    }
    
    void javaClasses_init() {
      JavaClasses::compute_offsets();
      JavaClasses::check_offsets();
      FilteredFieldsMap::initialize();  // must be done after computing offsets.
    }

[OpenJDK]: http://hg.openjdk.java.net/
[lambda]: http://hg.openjdk.java.net/lambda
[lambda 1]: http://hg.openjdk.java.net/lambda/lambda
[hotspot]: http://hg.openjdk.java.net/lambda/lambda/hotspot